Special instrumentation for Apollo developmental spacecraft.
Apollo Manned Spacecraft Program systems design requirements, emphasizing instrumentation system and Phase I spacecraft
SYSTEMS DESIGN↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Background, framework, and implementation of automatic checkout equipment for Apollo- Saturn.
Apollo program automatic checkout equipment, examining computer controlled checkout concept for Apollo spacecraft
SPACECRAFT CONTROL↗
Automation in Apollo-Saturn - A critique.
Apollo-Saturn program automatic checkout systems, discussing ground support equipment facility automation, computer software and checkout technique applications to nuclear electronic systems
CHECKOUT EQUIPMENT↗
Post-Apollo lunar mission planning.
Mission planning for post-Apollo period including selection of lunar landing sites and definition of preferred scientific activity
ASTRONAUT PERFORMANCE↗
Systems-planning for transportation of large launch vehicles and spacecraft.
Systems planning for transportation of large launch vehicles and spacecraft noting land transporter and seagoing barge used for Apollo booster
TRANSPORT VEHICLE↗
Historical perspectives on Apollo.
Apollo historical perspectives, background to U.S. man on moon decision in mid-1961, rocket booster development and space mobility
NASA PROGRAM↗
Safety in recovery operations.
Manned spacecraft recovery safety noting operational testing of postlanding systems, recovery support and retrieval procedures for Apollo
SPACECRAFT RECOVERY↗
Synthesis of an evolutionary lunar exploration plan.
Lunar exploration planning methodology for after post-Apollo landing based on equipment evolution
MANNED SPACE FLIGHT↗
Project Prospector: Unmanned Exploration and Apollo Support Program
Prior to the establishment of a manned lunar observatory or base, it is essential that a compendium of information be available on the environment, composition, structure, and topography of the moon. In an effort to satisfy this need for improved and detailed information, NASA has undertaken a lunar program which ranges from the utilization of circumlunar flight vehicles, equipped with automatic photographic and radiation measuring equipment which responds to commands from the earth, to actual determination of surface composition and features obtained from unmanned instrumented spacecraft which impact the moon.
Source record↗
Management aspects of manned space flight programs
Manned space flight programs management, discussing organizational aspects of projects including Apollo, space shuttle and space station
Mathews, C. W.↗
Review of Endocrine Results: Project Mercury, Gemini Program, and Apollo Program
Review of endocrine control of fluid and electrolyte balance during Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo missions
Leach, C. S.↗
The measurement of radiation exposure of astronauts by radiochemical techniques
Gamma analyses of the neutron-activated fecal samples from the Apollo 12 and 13 missions were completed, and the data are being evaluated. Samples of the exposed Apollo 12 solar wind composition foil and blank foils were obtained for analysis of the Po-2/0 (Pb-210, Rn-222) content. It is expected that the determination of the Po-210 content of these foils will yield the concentration of radon atoms incident on the foil while exposed to the lunar atmosphere, and this indirectly will permit an estimate of the average uranium concentration of the lunar surface. Proposals to measure the cosmic-ray intensity and energy spectra inside and outside of late Apollo and Project Skylab spacecraft by exposing and subsequently analyzing pure metal foils, and to measure the elemental mass balance in Project Skylab astronauts by instrumental neutron activation analysis of the intake and excreta are summarized.
Brodzinski, R. L.↗
A thermal scale modeling study for Apollo and Apollo applications, volume 1
The program is reported for developing and demonstrating the capabilities of thermal scale modeling as a thermal design and verification tool for Apollo and Apollo Applications Projects. The work performed for thermal scale modeling of STB; cabin atmosphere/spacecraft cabin wall thermal interface; closed loop heat rejection radiator; and docked module/spacecraft thermal interface are discussed along with the test facility requirements for thermal scale model testing of AAP spacecraft. It is concluded that thermal scale modeling can be used as an effective thermal design and verification tool to provide data early in a spacecraft development program.
Shannon, R. L.↗
Systems concepts: Lectures on contemporary approaches to systems.
Collection of papers dealing with the application of systems concepts to a wide range of disciplines. The topics include systems definitions and designs, models for systems engineering, the evolution of the JPL, systems concepts in lunar and planetary projects, civil systems projects, and Apollo program evaluation. Individual items are announced in this issue.
Miles, R. F., Jr.↗
Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount Calibration Rocket Project
The Calibration Rocket (CALROC) Project was established to provide calibration data for the Harvard College Observatory (S055) and the Naval Research Laboratory (S082) ultraviolet solar experiments on Skylab to provide compensation for any change in performance during the long mission in the space environment after the preflight calibration. The calibration instruments were smaller-scale, lighter-weight, but similar in performance to the S055 and S082 experiments. They were launched on Black Brant VC sounding rockets from White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. The CALROC instruments were calibrated before launch and verified after flight. Each flight obtained approximately four minutes of data on an area of the sun which was then observed by the Skylab astronauts with the ATM experiments on three successive orbits.
Frank, M. W.↗
United States manned spacecraft reliability experience
Attention is given to the reliability controls in manned spacecraft programs, taking into account the project Mercury, the Gemini program, the Apollo program, the Skylab program, and the Apollo-Soyuz test project. Reliability controls used in these programs are related to reliability management, parts and materials control, failure mode and effects analysis, reliability quantitative analysis, problem reporting and corrective action control, test control, limited-life control, and milestone reviews. A summary is presented of the major reliability tasks and innovations being used on the Space Shuttle program. Examples of these innovations include improved management techniques and an early identification of specific certification tests.
Kleinknecht, K. S.↗
Apollo Soyuz mission planning and operations
The paper describes the Apollo Soyuz project from the points of view of working group organization, mission plan definition, joint operations concept, and mission preparation. The concept for joint operations considered contingency situations as well as nominal operations. Preparations for the joint flight included cooperative tracking tests and combined training of the flight crews and mission control personnel.
Frank, M. P., III↗
BIOSPEX: Biological space experiments, a compendium of life sciences experiments carried on US spacecraft
United States space life science experiments, encompassing 27 years of experience beginning with sounding rocket flights carrying primates (1948) to the last U.S. spaceflight, the joint US/USSR Apollo Test Project (1975), are presented. The information for each experiment includes Principal Investigators, the program and mission on which it was flown, the specimens used, the objectives, protocol, equipment, results, conclusions, and bibliographic reference citations for publications derived from each experiment.
Anderson, M.↗