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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 541 records · Page 30

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NASA NTRS1979

Solar heating system installed at Stamford, Connecticut

The solar heating system installed at the Lutz-Sotire Partnership Executive East Office Building, Stamford, Connecticut is described. The Executive East Office Building is of moderate size with 25,000 sq ft of heated space in 2 1/2 stories. The solar system was designed to provide approximately 50 percent of the heating requirements. The system components are described. Appended data includes: the system design acceptance test, the operation and maintenance manual, and as-built drawings and photographs.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1980

CO observations of the galactic star-forming region W58

Observations of (C-12)O and (C-13)O have been made in the direction of the strong galactic radio source W58, which contains the compact H II regions K3-50 and ON-3. An extended molecular cloud with dimensions of 55 x 40 pc is associated with the northern part of the H II region complex. The density of the molecular cloud increases from west to east; the molecular cloud is bounded on the east by a larger H I cloud. Present star-formation activity is taking place at the position of maximum molecular density, at what appears to be the interface of the H I cloud and the H II region complex. The velocity structure of the CO cloud and the compact H II regions are in agreement with the blister model. Radio continuum and H I line observations show indications of a shell structure in the southwest of W58. Present star formation in W58 may be caused by this expanding shell.

Israel, F. P.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Remote sensing in the coastal and marine environment. Proceedings of the US North Atlantic Regional Workshop

Presentations were grouped in the following categories: (1) a technical orientation of Earth resources remote sensing including data sources and processing; (2) a review of the present status of remote sensing technology applicable to the coastal and marine environment; (3) a description of data and information needs of selected coastal and marine activities; and (4) an outline of plans for marine monitoring systems for the east coast and a concept for an east coast remote sensing facility. Also discussed were user needs and remote sensing potentials in the areas of coastal processes and management, commercial and recreational fisheries, and marine physical processes.

Zaitzeff, J. B.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Convective instability when the temperature gradient and rotation vector are oblique to gravity. I - Fluids without diffusion

A linear stability analysis of fluid layers under uniform rotation (generally oblique to gravity) which possess both vertical and horizontal temperature gradients is made by considering ideal fluids without diffusion within a Boussinesq approximation. This simplified configuration is used to assess the preferred convective modes as a function of latitude on a planet like Jupiter. The tilted rotation vector introduces a preference for roll-like disturbances with north-south orientations, while the horizontal temperature gradient produces a thermal wind shear which favors convective rolls oriented parallel to the flow in an east-west direction. It is found that the horizontal temperature gradient needed to produce a preference for the axisymmetric or east-west rolls increases with an increasing rotation rate and a decreasing latitude. The parameter values for Jupiter are estimated with the use of a simple radiative convective model, indicating a preference for axisymmetric rolls at nearly all latitudes if the convection zone depth is greater than about 200 km below the one atmosphere pressure level and convective roll characteristics which contribute to an equatorial acceleration.

Hathaway, D. H.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Airborne surveys of USA urban areas at 121.5/243 MHz

In situ, aircraft flight measurements were made in 1976 and 1977 by NASA of the radio-frequency environment over USA urban areas within the emergency distress search and rescue frequency bands at 121.5 and 243.0 MHz. This paper analyzes test results reported previously for USA East Coast and Midwest flight surveys; presented also are test results obtained in May 1977 for the USA West Coast during the NASA, ASSESS-II, Space Shuttle/Spacelab simulation aircraft flights. The USA West Coast flight include data at 121.5/243 MHz during an extensive series of aircraft passes for the Los Angeles urban area. The USA East Coast/Midwest measurements show correlation with population count.

Taylor, R. E.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Seasat detection of waves, currents and inlet discharge

A new era of remote sensing for coastal and oceanographic monitoring was born on June 26, 1978 with the launch of Seasat. Duck-X was a 2 month experiment conducted during August to October 1978 off the east coast of the U.S.A. for the validation of the Seasat synthetic aperture radar (SAR). During this field experiment, various oceanographic phenomena were monitored. Ground truth observations of these phenomena have been correlated with Seasat SAR imagery. The ground truth sensors included airborne photographic and radar imagery, meteorological satellite imagery, land based radars, and conventional wave gauges. The direction and length of the principal ocean wave trains are compared for the periods of Seasat overflight of the Duck-X area. During these overflights significant wave heights were 1.5 m and less and the maximum wave period was 15 sec. The current correlations concentrate on the western boundary of the Gulf Stream and its associated eddy structure. Inlet outflow is shown for inlets on the east coast of the U.S.A. This ground truth study has indicated that the SAR imagery contains an unanticipated abundance of information on a variety of oceanographic and coastal phenomena.

Mattie, M. G.↗

NASA NTRS1981

The gravity field in the central Pacific from satellite-to-satellite tracking

Satellite-to-satellite Doppler tracking between the ATS 6 and the GEOS 3 spacecraft was used to measure the high-degree and high-order gravity field over an 80-deg region in the central Pacific Ocean. Forty passes of GEOS 3/ATS 6 Doppler data have been analyzed. The precision of these range rate data is about 0.3 mm/s, and the line-of-sight gravity anomalies recovered from these data have a precision of about 0.2 mGal at the GEOS 3 altitude of about 840 km. In general, the agreement between the SST-derived map and the conventional GEM method and an altimeter-derived geoid is good. Eight significant positive gravity anomalies were exposed in the central Pacific. Generally speaking, the anomalies form a roughly east-west pattern of alternating sign in the central region, and near the East Pacific they strike about north and south.

Marsh, J. G.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Auroral arc electrodynamic parameters measured by AE-C and the Chatanika radar

Auroral arc electrodynamic parameters are studied using coordinated measurements between the AE-C satellite and the Chatanika radar. On January 4, 1978, the spacecraft twice crossed an east-west aligned auroral arc at widely spaced longitudes, spanning more than 3 hours in local time. The Chatanika radar was scanning in elevation at a magnetic longitude equidistant from the two AE-C crossings. The electric field pattern around this arc was remarkably similar at the three longitudes. Equatorward of the arc the north-south field was very intense (greater than approximately 60 mV/m), whereas poleward of the arc it was small (approximately 10 mV/m). The east-west field was small and almost constant across the arc. The same arc was observed by the radar for about 1 hour, and this electric field pattern did not change, even though the arc location, intensity, and width changed substantially. For a given electric field the AE-C measured ion temperature was substantially different during each of the arc crossings. This dissimilarity is attributed to differences in the F region neutral wind at the two longitudes. It is shown that the electric field variations are consistent with the existence of polarization charges within the arc, even though the electric field remained small poleward of the arc.

Beaujardiere, O. D. L.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Effects of lateral resolution on the identification of volcanotectonic provinces on earth and Venus

In an attempt to learn what volcanotectonic features can still be discerned in continental and oceanic areas of the earth when topographic data are degraded to simulate the data sampled by the Pioneer-Venus altimeter, two digital topographic data sets (the 30-second continental U.S. altitude data and the 30 x 30 nautical mile bathymetry data for the North Pacific) were degraded and displayed in the same way as the altimeter data from Venus. The Appalachians were reduced to a gentle swell, with a wavelength of 300 km, and a height of 500 m. The Cordillera was seen as a broad swell, 2500 km wide, and about 2 km high. The east Pacific rise, east Pacific fractures, seamount chains, the Hawaiian swell, and most trenches were discernible in the degraded Pacific data; whereas rises, transforms, seamount chains, and trenches were not seen in the Venus data, even after corrections were made for the higher surface temperature and the absence of oceans on Venus. It was concluded that a plate tectonic regime, similar to earth's does not currently appear to exist on Venus. As shown by the Cordillera data, the Pioneer-Venus information is not of sufficiently high quality to discern whether the highlands of Venus preserve evidence for orogenic events related to plate tectonics.

Arvidson, R. E.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Global satellite measurements of water vapour, wind speed and wave height

The results of global measurements of atmospheric water vapor by the Seasat Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer and wave height and wind speed by the Seasat altimeter (ALT) are reported. The 13.5 GHz ALT has a 3.125 ns pulsewidth and 1022 Hz repetition rate, and measures surface height to a resolution exceeding 10 cm celative to a reference ellipsoid. Full ALT data comprise 135 km equatorial groundtracks, with about a 50 cm difference of sea wave height compared to buoy reference measurements, and windspeed accuracy to within 0.25-1.58 m/sec up to 20 m/sec. Highest water vapor concentrations were observed in the tropics and the lowest at high latitudes. Wind speeds were highest for the north-east and south-east tradewinds in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Average wave height is small in the summer North Hemisphere and the largest waves are in the winter Southern ocean, and lowest in western Atlantic and Pacific ocean areas where winds are lightest.

Chelton, D. B.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Airborne lidar measurements of the Soufriere eruption of 17 April 1979

At the time of the Soufriere, St. Vincent, volcanic eruption of April 17, 1979, a NASA P-3 aircraft with an uplooking lidar (light detection and ranging) system onboard was airborne 130 kilometers east of the island. Lidar measurements of the fresh volcanic ash were made approximately 2 hours after the eruption, 120 kilometers to the northeast and east. On the evening of April 18, the airborne lidar, on a southerly flight track, detected significant amounts of stratospheric material in layers at 16, 17, 18, and 19.5 kilometers. These data, and measurements to the north on April 19, indicate that the volcanic plume penetrated the stratosphere to an altitude of about 20 kilometers and moved south during the first 48 hours after the eruption.

Fuller, W. H., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1982

MAGSAT and aeromagnetic data of the continental US

The MAGSAT data were used to produce a scalar anomaly map of the U.S. In order to remove the east-west striping anomalies, which are believed to be caused by the low-order polynomials used to reduce the orbital bias errors, a 2-D spectral filtering using the Fourier transform method was applied. The resultant low-pass filtered map, with the east-west stripings removed, resembles much closer the surface aeromagnetic map based on the U.S. MAGNET data. The spectral filtering was also applied to the MAGSAT vector data. Department of Defense gravity data was processed to produce a filtered U.S. gravity map whose spectral contents are comparable to those of the MAGSAT magnetic map.

Won, I. J.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Seismicity and active tectonics of the Andes and the origin of the Altiplano

Large earthquakes and active deformation on the Andes were studied. Earthquakes on the east side of the Andes were generally found to reflect east-west crustal shortening. These earthquakes seem to occur throughout the crust and do not reflect a detachment and low angle thrusting of the sedimentary cover onto the Brazilian shield. Instead they imply deformation of the basement. The rate of shortening is compatible with construction of the Andes by crustal shortening since the late Cretaceous, and the surface geology, at least qualitatively, is considered to reflect this process. Andean margins are considered to be a result of crustal shortening. The crustal shortening in the sub-Andes occurs concurrently with normal faulting at high elevations in parts of the Andes. The normal faulting is associated with the buoyancy of the thick crust. Crustal shortening thickens the crust and work is done against gravity. When the crustal thickness and elevation reach limiting values, the range grows laterally by further thrusting on the margins.

Molnar, P.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Equatorial ionospheric currents derived from MAGSAT data

The MAGSAT data on the three component's of the geomagnetic field are subjected to ring current correction and crustal anomaly elimination near the dip equator. The evidence of a strong west east electrojet current below the satellite height (approximately 350 km) is confirmed. Strong evidence of east-west component of the field suggests the existence of a vertical current originating at the jet level and extending upwards. A model calculation shows that such a current system can explain the satellite data as well as the ground data.

Roy, M.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Comparison of phase and amplitude structures of Pc 5 pulsations in the morning and afternoon sectors

North American IMS magnetometer network data are used in comparisons of the spatial phase and amplitude structures of the morning and afternoon Pc 5 pulsations, using cross spectral analysis of phase and amplitude readings between different stations. The spatial phase structures are found to be very similar in the morning and afternoon sectors for each of the three components. Amplitudes are larger in the magnetic north than in the magnetic east components for both sectors. Latitudinal amplitude and phase difference variations between the magnetic north and east components exhibit dissimilarities in the morning and afternoon sectors. These results suggest that compressional mode magnetic field oscillations are not observable on the ground in this time sector. The pulsations in both time sectors are instead seen as caused by transverse mode magnetospheric field oscillations.

Saka, O.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Speculation on Martian north polar wind circulation and the resultant orientations of polar sand dunes

When seen at frost cap minimum, Martian north polar erg dunes north of 80 deg N record east winds, while those south of that latitude record west winds. Many of the transverse dunes are considered to be reversing dunes, and dunes in the two fields may have reversed at least once during the lifetime of the Viking Orbiters. It is proposed that the average polar winds are strong, off-pole northwest winds in the fall, moderate west winds in winter, latitude-dependent weak-to-strong off-pole northeast winds in spring, and weak west winds in summer, as has been largely confirmed by Viking images of near polar clouds. Over millenia, the combination of reversing west and east winds could produce the biomodal distributions of dune orientations observed at the north pole.

Ward, A. W.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Short-term planetary-scale interactions over the tropics and midlatitudes. II - Winter-MONEX period

The FGGE/winter-Monex wind data from 850 and 200 mb are used to analyze the short-term teleconnections over the tropical and midlatitude Pacific and monsoonal surges in the winter of 1978-79. The data were taken twice a day, and included the total wind field, the computed rotational and divergent winds, the velocity potential, and the streamfunction. Cold surges were identified from shipboard data over the South China Sea and characterized an increase in the surface northerly wind and a surface pressure differential between Hong Kong and 30 deg N, 115 deg E. Midlatitude baroclinic disturbances triggered the cold surges, which displayed intensities dependent on the strength of the midlatitude anticyclogenesis and the intensity of the East Asia local Hadley cell. Fluctuations in the 200 mb jet streak over Japan indicated changes in eddy behavior over the North Pacific and the intensity of the East Asia local Hadley cell circulation and tropical convection. It was concluded that midlatitude synoptic systems could force equatorial convection that produces remote midlatitude responses.

Lau, K.-M.↗

NASA NTRS1983

On gravity from SST, geoid from SEASAT, and plate age and fracture zones in the Pacific

Data from an additional 50 satellite-to-satellite tracking (SST) passes were combined with earlier measurements of the high degree and order (n, m, 12) gravity in the central Pacific. A composite map was produced which shows good agreement with conventional GEM models. Data from the SEASAT altimeter was reduced and found to agree well with both the SST and the GEM fields. The maps are dominated especially in the east, by a pattern of roughly east-west anomalies with a transverse wavelength of about 2000 km. Further comparison with regional bathymetric data shows a remarkably close correlation with plate age. Each anomaly band is framed by those major fracture zones having large offsets. The regular spacing of these fractures seems to account for the fabric in the gravity fields. Other anomalies are accounted for by hot spots. The source of part of these anomalies is in the lithosphere itself. The possible plume size and ascent velocity necessary to supply deep mantle material to the upper mantel without complete thermal equilibration is considered.

Marsh, B. D.↗