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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnC4(N2O)4 by Materials Project

Zn(CN4)2(CO2)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-42d space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of eight formic acid molecules and one Zn(CN4)2 framework. In the Zn(CN4)2 framework, Zn2+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent N+1.25- atoms. All Zn–N bond lengths are 2.03 Å. C4+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent N+1.25- atoms. Both C–N bond lengths are 1.34 Å. There are two inequivalent N+1.25- sites. In the first N+1.25- site, N+1.25- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one C4+, and one N+1.25- atom. The N–N bond length is 1.36 Å. In the second N+1.25- site, N+1.25- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two N+1.25- atoms. The N–N bond length is 1.30 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Materials Data on H6C8I3NO5 by Materials Project

(C)2CNH2CHO2(CI1)2C2H3O3I crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight formic acid molecules, sixteen iodomethane molecules, sixteen methane molecules, eight methylamine molecules, and eight C2H3O3I clusters. In each C2H3O3I cluster, there are two inequivalent C+1.25+ sites. In the first C+1.25+ site, C+1.25+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.32 Å) C–O bond length. In the second C+1.25+ site, C+1.25+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one I1- atom. The C–I bond length is 2.11 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.05 Å) and one longer (1.54 Å) H–O bond length. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one C+1.25+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C+1.25+, one H1+, and one I1- atom. The O–I bond length is 3.46 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three H1+ atoms. I1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one C+1.25+ and one O2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on U(C2O5)2 by Materials Project

UO2(CO2)4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Ccce space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of sixteen formic acid molecules and four pitchblend, uranium(iv) oxide, uranium(iv) dioxide, uranium dioxide molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CoC12N8(ClO5)2 by Materials Project

CoO4(C5N4)2(CO2)2(ClO)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two formic acid molecules, two C5N4 clusters, one ClO cluster, and one CoO4 cluster. In each C5N4 cluster, there are five inequivalent C+3.67+ sites. In the first C+3.67+ site, C+3.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.30 Å. In the second C+3.67+ site, C+3.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two N3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.32 Å) and one longer (1.42 Å) C–N bond length. In the third C+3.67+ site, C+3.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two N3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.39 Å) and one longer (1.58 Å) C–N bond length. In the fourth C+3.67+ site, C+3.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two N3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.32 Å) and one longer (1.40 Å) C–N bond length. In the fifth C+3.67+ site, C+3.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two N3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.35 Å) and one longer (1.38 Å) C–N bond length. There are four inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two C+3.67+ atoms. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two C+3.67+ atoms. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three C+3.67+ atoms. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two C+3.67+ atoms. In the ClO cluster, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Cl1- atoms. There is one shorter (1.56 Å) and one longer (2.33 Å) O–Cl bond length. Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. In the CoO4 cluster, Co2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.64 Å) and two longer (1.88 Å) Co–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Co2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Co2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Materials Data on H2C4(OF2)3 by Materials Project

CHO2CHO(CF3)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12_1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight fluoroform molecules, four formic acid molecules, and four methanol molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Materials Data on SrH6C6S2N2O7 by Materials Project

SrC5N2H6S2O5CO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of four formic acid molecules and two SrC5N2H6S2O5 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In each SrC5N2H6S2O5 ribbon, Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to one N3- and seven O2- atoms. The Sr–N bond length is 2.99 Å. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.92 Å. There are five inequivalent C+2.67+ sites. In the first C+2.67+ site, C+2.67+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one N3- and one S2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.36 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.73 Å. In the second C+2.67+ site, C+2.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.26 Å) and one longer (1.27 Å) C–O bond length. In the third C+2.67+ site, C+2.67+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one N3- and one S2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.32 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.75 Å. In the fourth C+2.67+ site, C+2.67+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one N3- and one S2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.35 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.72 Å. In the fifth C+2.67+ site, C+2.67+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one N3- and one S2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.32 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.74 Å. There are two inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Sr2+ and two C+2.67+ atoms. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two C+2.67+ atoms. There are six inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two C+2.67+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two C+2.67+ atoms. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Sr2+ and one C+2.67+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Sr2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Sr2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent Sr2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Sr2+ and one C+2.67+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Materials Data on UH25C12NO8 by Materials Project

UO2(CH3)3C6NH16(CO2)3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pna2_1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of twelve formic acid molecules; twelve methane molecules; four pitchblend, uranium(iv) oxide, uranium(iv) dioxide, uranium dioxide molecules; and four triethylammonium molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Materials Data on H3CO3 by Materials Project

CH3O3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four formic acid water molecules. C3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.23 Å) and one longer (1.31 Å) C–O bond length. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.08 Å) and one longer (1.41 Å) H–O bond length. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one C3+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H4C2NO2 by Materials Project

CNH4CO2 is Magnesium tetraboride-like structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four ammonium molecules, two ethyne molecules, and four formic acid molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FePH5CO8 by Materials Project

(FeP(HO2)3)2(CHO2)2H2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four formic acid molecules; four hydrogen molecules; and one FeP(HO2)3 sheet oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In the FeP(HO2)3 sheet, Fe2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.20 Å. P5+ is bonded in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.88 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one H1+ and one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.50 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Fe2+, one P5+, and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Fe2+, one P5+, and one O2- atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Fe2+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Fe2+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Fe2+, one P5+, and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H3CO3 by Materials Project

CH3O3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four formic acid water molecules. C3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.30 Å) C–O bond length. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.07 Å) and one longer (1.42 Å) H–O bond length. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C3+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CaH8C6S2(NO4)2 by Materials Project

CaCH8O6(C2NS)2CO2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two formic acid molecules; two thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole molecules; and one CaCH8O6 cluster. In the CaCH8O6 cluster, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.62 Å. C+2.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both C–O bond lengths are 1.27 Å. There are eight inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and one C+2.67+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent Ca2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ca2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ca2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ca2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and one C+2.67+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

IDAES-PSE 2.7.0 Release

The Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) Integrated Platform is a versatile computational environment offering extensive process systems engineering (PSE) capabilities for optimizing the design and operation of complex, interacting technologies and systems. IDAES enables users to efficiently search vast, complex design spaces to discover the lowest cost solutions while supporting the full process modeling lifecycle, from conceptual design to dynamic optimization and control. The extensible, open platform empowers users to create models of novel processes and rapidly develop custom analyses, workflows, and end-user applications. IDAES-PSE 2.7.0 Release Highlights New features: AutoScaler and CustomScalerBase classes: Such tools are the core of the new scaling framework being implemented in IDAES. Wider adoption of scaling tools among users will result in quicker and more robust model solutions. Scaler for equilibrium reactor and saponification properties: These scaler models are examples to follow for how to use the new scaling tools. ONNX Surrogate support from Optimization & Machine Learning Toolkit (OMLT): ONNX is an open standard format to save and load ML/AI models that is widely supported by all major frameworks. This capability makes it easier for IDAES users to create surrogate models and use them without having to support each framework individually. 1D Membrane Model for CO2 Capture and Utilization: Supports ongoing efforts for modeling and optimizing polymer membrane processes for CO2 capture and conversion into formic acid. StreamScaler unit model: Unrelated to the CustomScalerBase, this unit model allows a stream’s extensive variables to be scaled by a fixed factor. This allows streams being processed by multiple units in parallel to be scaled down to unit scale and scaled back up to process scale. Bug fixes or improvements: Scaling, EoS, Diagnostics tool, Modular Properties, tests & documentation Deprecations: Old Cubic EoS

AS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Elimination Of Catalytic Hydrogen Generation In Defense Waste Processing Facility Slurries

Based on lab-scale simulations of Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) slurry chemistry, the addition of sodium nitrite and sodium hydroxide to waste slurries at concentrations sufficient to take the aqueous phase into the alkaline region (pH > 7) with approximately 500 mg nitrite ion/kg slurry (assuming <25 wt% total solids, or equivalently 2,000 mg nitrite/kg total solids) is sufficient to effectively deactivate the noble metal catalysts at temperatures between room temperature and boiling. This is a potential strategy for eliminating catalytic hydrogen generation from the list of concerns for sludge carried over into the DWPF Slurry Mix Evaporator Condensate Tank (SMECT) or Recycle Collection Tank (RCT). These conclusions are drawn in large part from the various phases of the DWPF catalytic hydrogen generation program conducted between 2005 and 2009. The findings could apply to various situations, including a solids carry-over from either the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) or Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) into the SMECT with subsequent transfer to the RCT, as well as a spill of formic acid into the sump system and transfer into an RCT that already contains sludge solids. There are other potential mitigating factors for the SMECT and RCT, since these vessels are typically operated at temperatures close to the minimum temperatures that catalytic hydrogen has been observed to occur in either the SRAT or SME (pure slurry case), and these vessels are also likely to be considerably more dilute in both noble metals and formate ion (the two essential components to catalytic hydrogen generation) than the two primary process vessels. Rhodium certainly, and ruthenium likely, are present as metal-ligand complexes that are favored under certain concentrations of the surrounding species. Therefore, in the SMECT or RCT, where a small volume of SRAT or SME material would be significantly diluted, conditions would be less optimal for forming or sustaining the catalytic ligand species. Such conditions are likely to adversely impact the ability of the transferred mass to produce hydrogen at the same rate (per unit mass SRAT or SME slurry) as in the SRAT or SME vessels.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2013

Review Of Rheology Modifiers For Hanford Waste

As part of Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL)'s strategic development scope for the Department of Energy - Office of River Protection (DOE-ORP) Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) waste feed acceptance and product qualification scope, the SRNL has been requested to recommend candidate rheology modifiers to be evaluated to adjust slurry properties in the Hanford Tank Farm. SRNL has performed extensive testing of rheology modifiers for use with Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) simulated melter feed - a high undissolved solids (UDS) mixture of simulated Savannah River Site (SRS) Tank Farm sludge, nitric and formic acids, and glass frit. A much smaller set of evaluations with Hanford simulated waste have also been completed.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2013

Glass Frit Clumping and Dusting

DWPF mixes a slurry of glass frit (Frit 418) and dilute (1.5 wt%) formic acid solution with high level waste in the Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME). There would be advantages to introducing the frit in a non-slurry form to minimize water addition to the SME, however, adding completely dry frit has the potential to generate dust which could clog filters or condensers. Prior testing with another type of frit, Frit 320, and using a minimal amount of water reduced dust generation, however, the formation of hard clumps was observed. To examine options and behavior, a TTQAP [McCabe and Stone, 2013] was written to initiate tests that would address these concerns. Tests were conducted with four types of glass frit; Frit 320, DWPF Frit 418, Bekeson Frit 418 and Multi-Aspirator Frit 418. The last two frits are chemically identical to DWPF Frit 418 but smaller particles were removed by the respective vendors. Test results on Frit Clumping and Dusting are provided in this report. This report addresses the following seven questions. Short answers are provided below with more detailed answers to follow. 1. Will the addition of a small amount of water, 1.5 wt%, to dry DWPF Frit 418 greatly reduce the dust generation during handling at DWPF? a. Yes, a small scale test showed that adding a little water to the frit greatly reduced dust generation during handling. 2. Will the addition of small amounts of water to the frit cause clumping that will impair frit handling at DWPF? a. No, not with Frit 418. Although clumps were observed to form when 1.5 wt% water was mixed with DWPF Frit 418, then compressed and air-dried overnight, the clumps were easily crushed and did not form the hardened material noted when Frit 320 was tested. 3. What is the measured size distribution of dust generated when dry frit is handled? (This affects the feasibility and choice of processing equipment for removing the dust generating fraction of the frit before it is added to the SME.) a. The size distribution for the dust removed from fresh DWPF Frit 418 while it was being shaken in a small scale LabRAM test was measured. The median size on a volume basis was 7.6 μm and 90% of the frit particles were between 1.6 and 28 μm. The mass of dust collected using this test protocol was much less than 1% of the original frit. 4. Can the dust be removed in a small number of processing steps and without the larger frit particles continuing to spall additional dust sized particles? a. Test results using a LabRAM were inconclusive. The LaRAM performs less efficient particle size separation than the equipment used by Bekeson and Multi-Aspirator. 5. What particle size of frit is expected to create a dust problem? a. The original criterion for creating a dusting problem was those particle sizes that were readily suspended when being shaken. For that criterion calculations and Microtrac size analyses indicated that particles smaller than 37 μm are likely dust generators. Subsequently a more sophisticated criterion for dust problem was considered, particle sizes that would become suspended in the air flow patterns inside the SME and possibly plug the condenser. That size may be larger than 37 μm but has not yet been determined. 6. If particles smaller than 37 μm are removed will bulk dust generation be eliminated? a. Video-taped tests were performed using three gallons each of three types of frit 418, DWPF frit, Bekeson frit and Multi-Aspirator frit. Frit was poured through air from a height of approximately eight feet into a container half filled with water. Pouring Bekeson frit or Multi-Aspirator frit generated markedly less visible dust, but there was still a significant amount, which still has the potential of causing a dust problem. 7. Can completely dry frit be poured into the SME without having dust plug the condenser at the top of the vessel? a. Because of the complexity of air currents inside the SME and the difficulty of defensible size scaling a more prototypical test will be required to answer this question. We recommend construction of a full scale mockup of the top half of the SME with a shallow basin of water at the bottom and a simulated condenser at the top. It could be made from simple materials such as PVC pipe, cardboard and clear plastic and tested with dry frit. Depending on results, this may need to be coupled with the proposed pneumatic transfer system.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2014

Alternate Reductant Cold Cap Evaluation Furnace Phase I Testing

Savannah River Remediation (SRR) conducted a Systems Engineering Evaluation (SEE) to determine the optimum alternate reductant flowsheet for the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). Specifically, two proposed flowsheets (nitric–formic–glycolic and nitric–formic–sugar) were evaluated based upon results from preliminary testing. Comparison of the two flowsheets among evaluation criteria indicated a preference towards the nitric–formic–glycolic flowsheet. Further evaluation of this flowsheet eliminated the formic acid, and as a result, the nitric–glycolic flowsheet was recommended for further testing.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2014

Samuel P. Massie Chair of Excellence In Environmental Disciplines: Hampton University 1994-2010 Year Report

The establishment of the DOE-EM Dr. Samuel P. Massie Chair of Excellence provides an excellent opportunity for Hampton University to be involved in key environmental issues in the 21 st Century. The main areas of focus are on: 1. Coal gasification with respect to pollution prevention and reduction. 2. Solid waste treatment through bioremediation technology and 3. Industrial wastewater treatment Synthesizing ion catalysts suitable for use in slurry bubble column reaction was carried out. Construction of an autoclave continuous stirred tank reactor has been completed. At the initial stage of the development of this program, work was conducted in the area of formic acid recovery from waste streams, which yielded useful results. We also succeeded in the removal of priority metal ions such as cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, silver, thallium, zinc, etc., from industrial and municipal wastewater by using natural wastes. The process uses tree leaves to adsorb the metal ions in the wastewater. The ultimate goal is to develop inexpensive, highly available, effective metal ion adsorbents from natural wastes as an alternative to existing commercial adsorbents, and also to explain the possible adsorption mechanism that is taking place. This technology uses natural wastes to eliminate other wastes. Obviously, there are several advantages: (1) the negative impact on environment is eliminated, (2) the complicated regeneration step is not needed, and (3) the procedure saves money and energy. Twelve different types of leaves have been tested with lead, zinc, and nickel. The study mechanism showed that the leaf tannin is an active ingredient in the adsorption of metal ions. The ion-exchange mechanism controlled the adsorption process.

42 ENGINEERING↗