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Ames Laboratory scientist Deborah Schlagel talks about the Lab's research in growing single crystals of various metals and alloys. The single crystal samples are vital to researchers' understanding of the characteristics of a materials and what gives these materials their particular properties.
In the past two years, Jefferson Lab has reconfigured and renovated its SRF support infrastructure as part of the Technology and Engineering Development Facility project, TEDF. The most significant changes are in the cleanroom and chemistry facilities. We report the initial characterization data on the new ultra-pure water systems, cleanroom facilities, describe the reconfiguration of existing facilities and also opportunities for flexible growth presented by the new arrangement.
A new tagged photon beam facility is being constructed in experimental Hall-D at Jefferson Lab as a part of the 12 GeV upgrade program. The 9 GeV linearly-polarized photon beam will be produced via coherent Bremsstrahlung using the CEBAF electron beam, incident on a diamond radiator. The GlueX experiment in Hall-D will use this photon beam to search for and study the pattern of gluonic excitations in the meson spectrum produced through photoproduction reactions with a liquid hydrogen target. Recent lattice QCD calculations predict a rich spectrum of hybrid mesons, that are formed by exciting the gluonic field that couples the quarks. A subset of these hybrid mesons are predicted to have exotic quantum numbers which cannot be formed from a simple qq^- pair, and thus provide an ideal laboratory for testing QCD in the confinement regime. In these proceedings the status of the construction and installation of the GlueX detector will be presented, in addition to simulation results for some reactions of interest in hybrid meson searches.
Although the phenomena of r – w interference has been studied at great length in pionic decay channel over the past 50 years, a study of the interference in a purely electromagnetic production and decay channel has never been performed on an elementary proton target until now. The only published photo-production data of the r - w leptonic decay channel was obtained in the early seventies on C and Be. An investigation of the r - w interference on a Hydrogen was recently completed at Jefferson Lab with the CLAS detector. The di-lepton spectra was fit with two inter- fering relativistic Breit-Wigner functions, and the interference phase was extracted. Preliminary results will be compared to the previous experimental studies in nuclei.
Ames scientist, Igor Slowing, explains the 3D printing of catalytic devices in the lab.
In order to refine systematic understanding and establish confident process control, Jefferson Lab has joined with partners to investigate and thoroughly characterize the dramatically higher Q0 of 1.3 GHz niobium cavities first reported by FNAL in 2013[1]. With partial support from the LCLS-II project, JLab has undertaken a parametric study of nitrogen doping in vacuum furnace at 800 °C followed by variable depth surface removal in the 5 - 20 μm range. Q0 above 3×1010 are typical at 2.0 K and 16 MV/m accelerating field. We report observations from the single cell study and current interpretations. In addition to the parametric single cell study, we also report on the ongoing serial testing of six nitrogen-doped 9-cell cavities as baseline prototypes for LCLS-II.
As part of the Jefferson Lab 12GeV accelerator upgrade project, one of the experimental halls (Hall B) requires two superconducting magnets. One is a magnet system consisting of six superconducting trapezoidal racetrack-type coils assembled in a toroidal configuration and the second is an actively shielded solenoidal magnet system consisting of 5 coils. In this presentation the physics requirements for the 5 T solenoid magnet, design constraints, conductor decision, and cooling choice will be discussed. The various design iterations to meet the specification will also be discussed in this presentation.
The GlueX Experiment, which is currently under construction as a component of the 12 GeV upgrade to Jefferson Lab, will utilize photoproduction on a proton target to search for hybrid mesons in the light quark sector. Recent first-principles calculations of the hadron spectrum in Quantum Chromodynamics suggest the presence of bound states in the meson spectrum that cannot arise from a quark and an anti-quark. Such states appear to have valance gluonic content or gluonic degrees of freedom and are called hybrid mesons. An interesting subset of these, the “exotic hybrid mesons," have total angular momentum, parity, and charge conjugation quantum numbers that cannot be formed with a pair of spin-1/2 fermions. By performing an amplitude analysis of photon-proton reactions, the GlueX experiment will attempt to experimentally establish the spectrum of hybrid mesons. In this article, the present theoretical and experimental landscape is reviewed, the design of the GlueX detector presented, and the GlueX startup plans are briefly discussed.
Heat pump water heaters (HPWH) are a promising technology for substantially reducing water heating-related energy use in the residential sector. However, concerns have been raised regarding the impact of HPWHs on space conditioning energy when installed in conditioned space, primarily in northern climates. For example, the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA’s) Northern Climate HPWH Specification, which describes the characteristics a HPWH must have to be incentivized in cold climates in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), requires exhaust ducting for their Tier II-specified products and both supply and exhaust ducting for the Tier III-specified product (NEEA 2013). However, these concerns and installation recommendations are based on modeling and comparative field data are not available to verify modeled performance. This study examines the overall performance and operation of two GE GeoSpring HPWHs in conditioned space in the matched pair of PNNL Lab Homes with no ducting, exhaust ducting, and full ducting (supply and exhaust) and explores the interactions between the HPWH and the home’s heating/cooling system. The data collected in this field evaluation suggest that previous modeling may not completely characterize the complex interactions of HPWHs, HVAC systems, and ducting. This report discusses the impact on space conditioning and water heater energy use of configuring an HPWH with exhaust only ducting or full ducting, as compared to an unducted HPWH. Additional cost analysis is necessary to assess the cost effectiveness of ducting and to make formal recommendations regarding appropriate installation of HPWHs in more varied scenarios.
The beam viewer system at Jefferson Lab provides operators and beam physicists with qualitative and quantitative information on the transverse electron beam properties. There are over 140 beam viewers installed on the 12 GeV CEBAF accelerator. This paper describes an upgrade consisting of replacing the EPICS-based system tasked with managing all viewers with a mixed system utilizing EPICS and high-level software. Most devices, particularly the beam viewers, cannot be safely inserted into the beam line during high-current beam operations. Software is partly responsible for protecting the machine from untimely insertions. The multiplicity of beam-blocking and beam-vulnerable devices motivates us to try a data-driven approach. The beamline insertions application components are centrally managed and configured through an object-oriented software framework created for this purpose. A rules-based engine tracks the configuration and status of every device, along with the beam status of the machine segment containing the device. The application uses this information to decide on which device actions are allowed at any given time.
Two data acquisition and processing systems are used simultaneously to measure electron beam polarization by Moller polarimeter in Hall A of Jefferson Lab (Newport News, VA, USA). The old system (since 1997) is fully functional, but is not repairable in case of malfunction (system modules arenot manufactured anymore). The new system (since 2010) based on flash-ADC is more accurate, but currently requires more detailed adjustment and further improvement. Description and specifications of two data acquisition and processing systems have been given. The results of polarization measurements during experiments conducted in Hall A from 2010 to 2012 are compared.
Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) has been used extensively in recent years as an important testing ground for QCD. Studies so far have concentrated on better determination of parton distribution functions, distinguishing between the quark and antiquark contributions, and understanding the fragmentation of quarks into hadrons. Hadron pair (di-hadron) SIDIS provides information on the nucleon structure and hadronization dynamics that complement single hadron SIDIS. Di-hadrons allow the study of low- and high-twist distribution functions and Dihadron Fragmentation Functions (DiFF). Together with the twist-2 PDFs ( f1, g1, h1), the Higher Twist (HT) e and hL functions are very interesting because they offer insights into the physics of the largely unexplored quark-gluon correlations, which provide access into the dynamics inside hadrons. The CLAS spectrometer, installed in Hall-B at Jefferson Lab, has collected data using the CEBAF 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam on longitudinally polarized solid NH3 targets. Preliminary results on di-hadron beam-, target- and double-spin asymmetries will be presented.
Operating the JLab polarized electron source with high reliability and long lifetime requires vacuum near the XHV level, defined as pressure below 7.5×10 -13 Torr. This paper describes ongoing vacuum research at Jefferson Lab including characterization of outgassing rates for surface coatings and heat treatments, ultimate pressure measurements, investigation of pumping including an XHV cryopump, and characterization of ionization gauges in this pressure regime.
Microbes are the Earth's most abundant and diverse form of life. Berkeley Lab's Microbes to Biomes initiative -- which will take advantage of research expertise at the Joint Genome Institute, Advanced Light Source, Molecular Foundry, and the new computational science facility -- is designed to explore and reveal the interactions of microbes with one another and with their environment. Microbes power our planet’s biogeochemical cycles, provide nutrients to our plants, purify our water and are integral components in keeping the human body free of disease and may hold the key to the Earth’s future.
Additive manufacturing is changing the way the world thinks about manufacturing and design. And here at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, it’s changing the way our scientists approach research and development. Today we’ll look around three of the additive manufacturing research labs on the Lawrence Livermore campus.
The duality between the partonic and hadronic descriptions of electron--nucleon scattering is a remarkable feature of nuclear interactions. When averaged over appropriate energy intervals the cross section at low energy which is dominated by nucleon resonances resembles the smooth behavior expected from perturbative QCD. Recent Jefferson Lab results indicate that quark-hadron duality is present in a variety of observables, not just the proton F2 structure function. An overview of recent results, especially local quark-hadron duality on the neutron, are presented here.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is envisioned as the next-generation U.S. facility to study quarks and gluons in strongly interacting matter. The broad physics program of the EIC aims to precisely image gluons in nucleons and nuclei and to reveal the origin of the nucleon spin by colliding polarized electrons with polarized protons, polarized light ions, and heavy nuclei at high luminosity. The Jefferson Lab EIC (JLEIC) design is based on a figure-8 shaped ring-ring collider. The luminosity, exceeding 1033cm -2 s -1 in a broad range of the center-of-mass energy and maximum luminosity above 1034cm -2 s -1 , is achieved by high-rate collisions of short small-emittance low-charge bunches made possible by high-energy electron cooling of the ion beam and synchrotron radiation damping of the electron beam. The polarization of light ion species (p, d, 3He) can be easily preserved and manipulated due to the unique figure-8 shape of the collider rings. The focus of this presentation is put on the JLEIC primary detector that has been designed to support the full physics program of the EIC and to provide essentially full acceptance to all fragments produced in collisions. The detector has been fully integrated with the accelerator and extended to the forward electron and hadron regions to achieve exceptional small-angle acceptance and resolution as well as high-precision electron polarimetry and low-Q 2 tagging. The Central Detector design allows for excellent tracking up to small angles and excellent hadron PID resulting and offers a great performance, in particular for semi-inclusive and exclusive measurements. The combination of high luminosity, highly polarized lepton and ion beams, and a full acceptance, multi-purpose detector fully integrated with the accelerator will allow JLEIC a unique opportunity to make breakthroughs in the investigation of the strong interaction.
Algae can be turned into renewable biofuel, which is why scientists want to discover an inexpensive, fast-growing strain of algae. Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have developed a system to speed up this search. The unique climate-simulating system uses temperature controls and multi-colored LED lights to mimic the constantly changing conditions of an outdoor algae pond. By simulating outdoor climates inside the lab, the system saves researchers time and expense.