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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 541 records · Page 30

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1991

Description of the control system design for the SSF PMAD DC testbed

The Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) DC Testbed Control System for Space Station Freedom was developed using a top down approach based on classical control system and conventional terrestrial power utilities design techniques. The design methodology includes the development of a testbed operating concept. This operating concept describes the operation of the testbed under all possible scenarios. A unique set of operating states was identified and a description of each state, along with state transitions, was generated. Each state is represented by a unique set of attributes and constraints, and its description reflects the degree of system security within which the power system is operating. Using the testbed operating states description, a functional design for the control system was developed. This functional design consists of a functional outline, a text description, and a logical flowchart for all the major control system functions. Described here are the control system design techniques, various control system functions, and the status of the design and implementation.

Baez, Anastacio N.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Description of the control system design for the SSF PMAD DC testbed

Baez, Anastacio N.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Blockchain-Enabled Cyber-Secure Microgrid Control Using Consensus Algorithm

This paper proposes a distributed control method based on a consensus algorithm for distributed energy resources (DERs) using blockchain as a secure communication medium for cyber resilience. Each DER communicates with a local blockchain server that is maintained by the distributed ledger technology to allow for securely sharing local measurements among neighbouring assets to achieve the global control objectives, i.e., voltage and frequency regulation as well as accurate power sharing among the DERs, including collective grid-forming capability. To prove that the distributed control can retain system stability under a blockchain-induced variable communication delay, Lyapunov function-based stability analysis is carried out. This paper demonstrates the concept on an 11-bus test case developed in MATLAB Simulink, which has been modified from the IEEE 9-bus test case, to study dynamic operations of the five inverter-based DERs working with a blockchain-induced variable delay. The results validate the superior performance of the proposed control method, compared to heavily compromised operations of the other test cases without the security measure, affected by heavy communication delays and communication interruptions.

blockchains↗

DOE OSTI2024

Godiva IV central cavity neutron environment characterization with threshold neutron detectors

Godiva IV is a cylindrical fast burst reactor comprised of approximately 65 kg of highly enriched uranium that is operated by Los Alamos National Laboratory and sited at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center at the Nevada National Security Site in Nevada in the United States. Godiva IV is typically operated at delayed critical and in the regime spanning from sub-prompt to super-prompt bursts. Godiva IV is used for sample irradiations, criticality safety demonstrations, dosimetry studies, and for studying super-prompt behavior. In preparation for both an upcoming experiment to reduce uncertainties in the prompt fission spectrum for 235U using threshold neutron detectors, and for future research using Godiva IV, it was desired to exercise the process of the selection of threshold neutron detectors/activation foils, radiation metrology, and the subsequent adjustment of the neutron spectrum. For this exercise, nine high purity threshold neutron detectors/activation foils were irradiated in a Godiva IV burst. The foils were then analyzed using a high-purity germanium detector in the NCERC counting laboratory to determine end of irradiation specific activities for available IRDFF-II reactions. This work summarizes the Godiva IV foil irradiation, radiation metrology results, and adjusted neutron spectrum. The results of this exercise ultimately characterized the neutron environment inside the sample irradiation cavity inside Godiva IV to a higher degree than previously performed, informed decisions for the upcoming larger scale experiment, and will inform future neutron spectrum characterizations at NCERC.

Whitman, Nicholas H.↗

DOE OSTI2026

Fast-Tracking Technology Solutions to Boost Cybersecurity in Virtual Power Plant and Aggregator Operations

This presentation was presented at the Aggregation and Grid Security Workshop - held on June 17-18, 2025, at NREL in Golden, Colorado. The goal of the two-day workshop was to address the critical cybersecurity challenges for the future electric grid. This presentation overviews NREL's work in evaluating cybersecurity technology solutions for virtual power plant and aggregator operations.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2022

A Blockchain Based Co-Simulation Framework for Integrating DERs to Wholesale Electricity Markets

As the number of distributed energy resources (DERs) continue to increase across energy-delivery systems, there remains a need for integrating their capabilities into traditional grid operations. In this paper, a blockchain-based solution is proposed to facilitate FERC's Order No. 2222 implementations. The presented use-case enables small-scale DERs to participate in wholesale market operations through DER aggregators, while also enabling local distribution system operators to enforce distribution system constraints in a secure and traceable manner. The presented use case is built around the Unified Testing Platform (UTP) being developed as a part of the Blockchain for Optimized Security and Energy Management (BLOSEM) project. This is a multi-lab effort intended to simplify the deployment of blockchain-powered grid solutions by enabling the integration of simulation tools, and blockchain technologies through the use of system-agnostic interfaces that provide a modular, interoperable, and reusable connectivity layer.

blockchain interoperability↗

NASA NTRS2021

Navigation Prediction Performance During OSIRIS-REx Proximity Operations at (101955) Bennu

The OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification and Security–Regolith Explorer) Orbit Determination team performed covariance analyses prior to the commencement of proximity operations (ProxOps) at (101955) Bennu to determine the expected predicted trajectory performance in order to meet trajectory knowledge requirements throughout each phase of the mission. One of the primary requirements placed on the predicted trajectory performance was based on the performance during orbital phases leading up to the maneuver to initiate the Touch-and-Go (TAG) trajectory descent. Throughout ProxOps the nominal force models being used to predict the spacecraft trajectory were updated in an effort to improve the prediction performance. The most significant models that contributed to prediction performance were of solar radiation pressure, thermal reradiation of the spacecraft, predicted attitude errors, and desaturation maneuvers. Efforts were made throughout all of ProxOps to monitor, trend, predict, and update spacecraft modeling to improve the prediction performance. These efforts were vital to reduce the spacecraft knowledge errors necessary to achieve a TAG target smaller than pre-launch analysis allowed due to the rough terrain of Bennu. Increased precision in predicted trajectory errors allowed for refined uncertainties to be used for future phase planning throughout the mission. The navigation team successfully predicted the spacecraft trajectory throughout all of ProxOps achieving predicted trajectories errors less than originally analyzed.

Jason M. Leonard↗

DOE OSTI2020

User Access to Scientific Facilities via 5G: A Cyber Security Thought Experiment

5G is more than an over-the-air radio technology upgrade. It is a strategy to extend Mobile Network Operator service offerings beyond traditional voice, instant messaging and Internet access. 5G Mobile Network Operators will offer new telecommunication services that include enhanced guarantees of confidentiality, integrity and availability. How could such services change the way Science collaborations connect scientists to supercomputers and other scientific facilities? Current scientific collaborations implicitly trust cloud service providers to securely store and process data. The perceived risks of outsourcing Science data security are counterbalanced by assurances that cloud providers operate at a scale that allows them to implement security measures impractical for Science collaborations (e.g. continuous system administrator behavioral monitoring and strict individual separation of duties). If that is true for a cloud service provider like Amazon Web Services (2018 revenue: $25.7 billion), could it also be true for Mobile Network Operators like Verizon Wireless (2018 revenue: $91.7 billion) or AT&T Mobility (2018 revenue: $71.3 billion)? DOE Leadership Class supercomputer facility users currently access them from the public Internet via Secure Shell. The sponsors and operators of the supercomputer facilities have determined that the public Internet path between the Scientist’s Device and the Login Node does not natively provide enough confidentiality or integrity to protect those communications. Therefore, the facilities achieve additional confidentiality and integrity by requiring Secure Shell encryption across those untrusted network paths. Using 5G Network Slice technology, a Mobile Network Operator may offer communication services between supercomputer users and facilities that natively provide confidentiality and integrity guarantees. Sponsors and operators of supercomputer facilities may determine that these guarantees provide enough confidentiality and integrity to protect those communications. If so, a 5G Network Slice could replace an SSH session running over the public Internet. Finally, this use case could be extended to other Office of Science user facility access requirements. Consider microscopy instruments at (e.g.) the Center for Nanoscale Materials or the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory. The embedded systems controlling such instruments may not always support encrypted network access technologies like SSH. 5G Network Slices may offer an alternative to current VPN or SSH tunneling techniques, with additional benefits like guaranteed minimum bandwidth.

5G↗

DOE OSTI2024

Cybersecurity for the Operational Technology Environment (CyOTE)

The Department of Energy’s Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response Office (CESER) has partnered with Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and energy companies to develop CyOTE. This research initiative addresses cybersecurity threats against operational technology (OT) networks by sharing intelligence about adversarial tactics and techniques with the energy sector. CyOTE improves the sector’s ability to detect anomalous behavior that indicates potential malicious cyber activity in OT networks.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Architecture Design for Remote Operation of Microreactors: Poster

The nuclear sector is pursuing a number of advanced reactor concepts, one of which is the microreactor, an advanced reactor characterized by a power output of less than 20 MWth. These reactors are intended for use in applications where traditional power solutions are economically or logistically impractical. One key feature required for the successful deployment of microreactors is a remote operation capability, which can dramatically cut staffing expenses by eliminating the need for licensed operators to be present at the site of each reactor and instead concentrate in a centrally located operations center. In moving to a remote operations framework for nuclear reactors, the number of potential attack surfaces for a cyber adversary looking to cause harm or disruption increases. Therefore, a robust cybersecurity architecture is required to mitigate these potential vulnerabilities. This paper explores the functional infrastructure, security, and communication requirements to adapt remote operations to nuclear applications. It then presents a reference architecture for remote operations of microreactors that applies best practices in cybersecurity and remote communications in the context of a digital twin remote operation system.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2024

Threats to DERs and Tools to Mitigate Them

As the pace of renewable energy development increases, so does the challenge and opportunity to develop innovative solutions to secure renewable technologies. Four national laboratories National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and Idaho National Laboratory are working together to increase cybersecurity maturity levels for solar stakeholders. INL will discuss a DER threat briefing and operator tools and training developed under the Securing Solar for the Grid (S2G) project.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2021

Energy Security and Resilience (ESR) Initiative

Central to achieving reduced carbon emissions and sustained economic recovery from the COVID pandemic is a national energy system based on low-carbon technologies and resistant to disruption from severe weather events and human attacks. NREL’s Energy Security and Resilience (ESR) Initiative applies NREL’s expertise in the design and operation of clean, highly distributed energy systems to the most pressing security and resilience challenges.

cybersecurity↗

NASA NTRS1990

Management of the Space Physics Analysis Network (SPAN)

Here, the purpose is to define the operational management structure and to delineate the responsibilities of key Space Physics Analysis Network (SPAN) individuals. The management structure must take into account the large NASA and ESA science research community by giving them a major voice in the operation of the system. Appropriate NASA and ESA interfaces must be provided so that there will be adequate communications facilities available when needed. Responsibilities are delineated for the Advisory Committee, the Steering Committee, the Project Scientist, the Project Manager, the SPAN Security Manager, the Internetwork Manager, the Network Operations Manager, the Remote Site Manager, and others.

Green, James L.↗

DOE OSTI2020

Data-Enhanced Hierarchical Control to Improve Distribution Voltage with Extremely High PV Penetration

Dynamic, scalable, and interoperable control paradigms are required to enable efficient, secure, reliable, and resilient distribution grid operations with widespread grid integration of renewable energy resources. This paper presents our recent research on developing a novel, holistic, data-enhanced hierarchical control architecture that addresses the formidable challenges faced by emerging distribution grids with increasing penetrations of distributed energy resources. The proposed architecture integrates centralized monitoring and control with distributed grid-edge control and thus effectively deals with multi-spatiotemporal dynamics existing in the grid. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control architecture.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

Accelerated deep self-supervised ptycho-laminography for three-dimensional nanoscale imaging of integrated circuits

Three-dimensional inspection of nanostructures such as integrated circuits is important for security and reliability assurance. Two scanning operations are required: ptychographic to recover the complex transmissivity of the specimen, and rotation of the specimen to acquire multiple projections covering the 3D spatial frequency domain. Two types of rotational scanning are possible: tomographic and laminographic. For flat, extended samples, for which the full 180° coverage is not possible, the latter is preferable because it provides better coverage of the 3D spatial frequency domain compared to limited-angle tomography. It is also because the amount of attenuation through the sample is approximately the same for all projections. However, both techniques are time consuming because of extensive acquisition and computation time. Here, we demonstrate the acceleration of ptycho-laminographic reconstruction of integrated circuits with 16 times fewer angular samples and 4.67 times faster computation by using a physics-regularized deep self-supervised learning architecture. We check the fidelity of our reconstruction against a densely sampled reconstruction that uses full scanning and no learning. As already reported elsewhere [ Opt. Express 28 , 12872 ( 2020 ) OPEXFF 1094-4087 10.1364/OE.379200 ], we observe improvement of reconstruction quality even over the densely sampled reconstruction, due to the ability of the self-supervised learning kernel to fill the missing cone.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2020

Small Molecule Interactions with Membranes (CRADA No. TC02321 Final Report)

This was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS) as manager and operator of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Procter & Gamble (P&G) to develop and use a multiscale simulation method to explore and evaluate the nature of industrially relevant compounds in the presence of models that represent microbial membranes.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2020

Mixed Waste Landfill Annual Long-Term Monitoring & Maintenance Report (Apr 2015-Mar 2016)

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is a multi-purpose engineering and science laboratory owned by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration. SNL is managed and operated by Sandia Corporation (Sandia), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation. Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) is located within the boundaries of Kirtland Air Force Base (KAFB), southeast of the City of Albuquerque in Bernalillo County, New Mexico. The Mixed Waste Landfill (MWL) is located 4 miles south of SNL/NM central facilities and 5 miles southeast of Albuquerque International Sunport, in the north-central portion of Technical Area (TA)-III. The MWL disposal area comprises 2.6 acres. During operations, the MWL accepted containerized and other low-level radioactive waste and minor amounts of mixed waste from SNL/NM research facilities and off-site DOE and U.S. Department of Defense generators from March 1959 to December 1988. More specific information regarding the MWL inventory and past disposal practices is presented in the MWL Phase 2 RCRA Facility Investigation Report (Peace et al. September 2002) and the extensive MWL Administrative Record.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2021

Small Molecule Interactions with Membranes. Final CRADA Report

Final Report CRADA No. TC02321 Date Technical Work Ended: 1/29/20. This was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS) as manager and operator of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Procter & Gamble (P&G) to develop and use a multiscale simulation method to explore and evaluate the nature of industrially relevant compounds in the presence of models that represent microbial membranes.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗