Thermionic converter and generator development
SET program developments, and four-converter thermionic generator thermal analysis and performance characteristics
THERMIONIC CONVERTER↗
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Physics of the Cosmos (PCOS) Program Technology Development 2018
We present a final report on our program to raise the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of enhanced charge‐coupled‐device (CCD) detectors capable of meeting the requirements of X‐ray grating spectrometers (XGS) and wide‐field X‐ray imaging instruments for small, medium, and large missions. Because they are made of silicon, all X‐ray CCDs require blocking filters to prevent corruption of the Xray signal by out‐of‐band, mainly optical and near‐infrared (near‐IR) radiation. Our primary objective is to demonstrate technology that can replace the fragile, extremely thin, free‐standing blocking filter that has been standard practice with a much more robust filter deposited directly on the detector surface. High‐performance, back‐illuminated CCDs have flown with free‐standing filters (e.g., one of our detectors on Suzaku), and other relatively low‐performance CCDs with directly deposited filters have flown (e.g., on the X‐ray Multi‐mirror Mission‐Newton, XMM‐Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer, RGS). At the inception of our program, a high‐performance, back‐illuminated CCD with a directly deposited filter has not been demonstrated. Our effort will be the first to show such a filter can be deposited on an X‐ray CCD that meets the requirements of a variety of contemplated future instruments. Our principal results are as follows: i) we have demonstrated a process for direct deposition of aluminum optical blocking filters on back‐illuminated MIT Lincoln Laboratory CCDs. Filters ranging in thickness from 70 nm to 220 nm exhibit expected bulk visible‐band and X‐ray transmission properties except in a small number (affecting ≲ 1% of detector area) of isolated detector pixels ("pinholes"), which show higher‐than‐expected visible‐band transmission; ii) these filters produce no measurable degradation in soft‐X‐ray spectral resolution, demonstrating that direct filter deposition is compatible with the MIT Lincoln Laboratory back‐illumination process; iii) we have shown that under sufficiently intense visible and near‐IR illumination, out‐of‐band light can enter the detector through its sidewalls and mounting surfaces, compromising detector performance. This 'sidewall leakage' has been observed, for example, by a previous experiment on the International Space Station during its orbit‐day operations. We have developed effective countermeasures for this sidewall leakage; iv) we developed an exceptionally productive collaboration with the Regolith X‐ray Imaging Spectrometer (REXIS) team. REXIS is a student instrument now flying on the Origins Spectral Interpretation Resource Identification Security - Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS‐REx) mission. REXIS students participated in our filter development program, adopted our technology for their flight instrument, and raised the TRL of this technology beyond our initial goals. This Strategic Astrophysics Technology (SAT) project, a collaboration between the MKI and MIT Lincoln Laboratory, began July 1, 2012, and ended on June 30, 2018.
PCOS↗
Development of a computer program to obtain ordinates for NACA 4-digit, 4-digit modified, 5-digit, and 16 series airfoils
A computer program developed to calculate the ordinates and surface slopes of any thickness, symmetrical or cambered NACA airfoil of the 4-digit, 4-digit modified, 5-digit, and 16-series airfoil families is presented. The program produces plots of the airfoil nondimensional ordinates and a punch card output of ordinates in the input format of a readily available program for determining the pressure distributions of arbitrary airfoils in subsonic potential viscous flow.
Ladson, C. L.↗
A generalized digital contouring program
Development of generalized digital contouring program
Jones, R. L.↗
Status of direct detector and array development
Programs are now underway to develop and demonstrate the detector/array technology needed for the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), Large Deployable Reflector (LDR), and other future NASA missions. The development goal is to achieve focal plane sensitivities, at extended integration times over the 2 to 700 microns range, limited only by the low astrophysical backgrounds encountered in cryogenic telescopes such as SIRTF. Dramatic progress has been made in the last 2 to 3 years in integrated array and detector systems for low background astronomical applications. With the broadly based developments and lab characterizations now underway for SIRTF and similar space applications, coupled with the rapidly expanding art and science of ground based astronomical imagery with arrays, the potential for effective utilization of arrays with LDR appears to be very good.
Mccreight, Craig R.↗
Strategic Research Partnerships for Exploration
NASA s Space Product Development Program has completed a significant transformation from an industry driven program focused on the commercial use of space, to a NASA space exploration driven program focused on providing research and technologies for space exploration through leveraged research partnerships. Initiated in 1985 under the NASA Office of Commercial Programs, the Space Product Development Program and associated Research Partnership Centers have worked with private industry to fulfill the NASA objective of ". . .enabling io the maximum extent possible the fullest commercial use of space." In 2001, the program began to place greater emphasis on dual use activities. In particular, those activities that enable commercial use of space, while at the Same time fulfill a NASA mission need. With the President s exploration, announcement in January 2004, the transformation of the Space Product Development program further focused on NASA exploration requirements. The Program s experience in successfully assisting industry with technology maturation is now being utilized by the Agency to affordably develop the technologies needed for sustainable human and robotic space exploration.
Nall, Mark↗
Comparative studies of conceptual design and qualification procedures for a Mars probe/lander. Volume III - Probe, entry from orbit. Book 3 - Development test programs Final report
Subsystem development status and ground development tests for Mars probe and recommended flight tests
MARS PROBE↗
Radiation hardened microprocessor for small payloads
The RH-3000 program is developing a rad-hard space qualified 32-bit MIPS R-3000 RISC processor under the Naval Research Lab sponsorship. In addition, under IR&D Harris is developing RHC-3000 for embedded control applications where low cost and radiation tolerance are primary concerns. The development program leverages heavily from commercial development of the MIPS R-3000. The commercial R-3000 has a large installed user base and several foundry partners are currently producing a wide variety of R-3000 derivative products. One of the MIPS derivative products, the LR33000 from LSI Logic, was used as the basis for the design of the RH-3000 chipset. The RH-3000 chipset consists of three core chips and two support chips. The core chips include the CPU, which is the R-3000 integer unit and the FPA/MD chip pair, which performs the R-3010 floating point functions. The two support whips contain all the support functions required for fault tolerance support, real-time support, memory management, timers, and other functions. The Harris development effort had first passed silicon success in June, 1992 with the first rad-hard 32-bit RH-3000 CPU chip. The CPU device is 30 kgates, has a 508 mil by 503 mil die size and is fabricated at Harris Semiconductor on the rad-hard CMOS Silicon on Sapphire (SOS) process. The CPU device successfully passed tesing against 600,000 test vectors derived directly on the LSI/MIPS test suite and has been operational as a single board computer running C code for the past year. In addition, the RH-3000 program has developed the methodology for converting commercially developed designs utilizing logic synthesis techniques based on a combination of VHDK and schematic data bases.
Shah, Ravi↗
Controls-structures-electromagnetics interaction program
A technology development program is described involving Controls Structures Electromagnetics Interaction (CSEI) for large space structures. The CSEI program was developed as part of the continuing effort following the successful kinematic deployment and RF tests of the 15 meter Hoop/Column antenna. One lesson learned was the importance of making reflector surface adjustment after fabrication and deployment. Given are program objectives, ground based test configuration, Intelsat adaptive feed, reflector shape prediction model, control experiment concepts, master schedule, and Control Of Flexible Structures-II (COFS-II) baseline configuration.
Grantham, William L.↗
Geotail MCA plasma wave data analysis
NASA Grant NAG 5-2346 supports the data analysis effort at The University of Iowa for the GEOTAIL Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA) which is a part of the GEOTAIL Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI). At the beginning of this reporting period we had just begun to receive our GEOTAIL Sirius data on CD-ROMs. Much programming effort went into adapting and refining the data analysis programs to include the CD-ROM inputs. Programs were also developed to display the high-frequency-resolution PWI Sweep Frequency Analyzer (SFA) data and to include in all the various plot products the electron cyclotron frequency derived from the magnitude of the magnetic field extracted from the GEOTAIL Magnetic Field (MGF) data included in the GEOTAIL Sirius data. We also developed programs to use the MGF data residing in the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) GEOTAIL Scientific Data Base (SDB). Our programmers also developed programs and provided technical support for the GEOTAIL data analysis efforts of Co-lnvestigator William W. L. Taylor at Nichols Research Corporation (NRC). At the end of this report we have included brief summaries of the NRC effort and the progress being made.
Anderson, Roger R.↗
An update of engine system research at the Army Propulsion Directorate
The Small Turboshaft Engine Research (STER) program provides a vehicle for evaluating the application of emerging technologies to Army turboshaft engine systems and to investigate related phenomena. Capitalizing on the resources at hand, in the form of both the NASA facilities and the Army personnel, the program goal of developing a physical understanding of engine system dynamics and/or system interactions is being realized. STER entries investigate concepts and components developed both in-house and out-of-house. Emphasis is placed upon evaluations which have evolved from on-going basic research and advanced development programs. Army aviation program managers are also encouraged to make use of STER resources, both people and facilities. The STER personnel have established their reputations as experts in the fields of engine system experimental evaluations and engine system related phenomena. The STER facility has demonstrated its utility in both research and development programs. The STER program provides the Army aviation community the opportunity to perform system level investigations, and then to offer the findings to the entire engine community for their consideration in next generation propulsion systems. In this way results of the fundamental research being conducted to meet small turboshaft engine technology challenges expeditiously find their way into that next generation of propulsion systems.
Bobula, George A.↗
Cost effectiveness as applied to the Viking Lander systems-level thermal development test program
The economic aspects of thermal testing at the systems-level as applied to the Viking Lander Capsule thermal development program are reviewed. The unique mission profile and pioneering scientific goals of Viking imposed novel requirements on testing, including the development of a simulation technique for the Martian thermal environment. The selected approach included modifications of an existing conventional thermal vacuum facility, and improved test-operational techniques that are applicable to the simulation of the other mission phases as well, thereby contributing significantly to the cost effectiveness of the overall thermal test program.
Buna, T.↗
Test program to develop vibroacoustics test criteria for the Galileo bus
In order to define random vibration test requirements for Galileo bus-mounted hardware, an extensive vibroacoustics test program was conducted on hardware available from the previous Voyager spacecraft development program. The Galileo test program consisted of acoustic tests on three configurations of the Voyager Dynamic Test Model bus and shaker random vibration tests on two flight-like bus equipment bay assemblies and one dummy equipment bay assembly. The primary goal of the acoustic tests was to define vibration levels at locations on the bus structure representative of inputs to bus equipment bay assemblies and to obtain response data on bus bay subassemblies for correlation with the vibration tests response data. The primary purpose of the vibration tests was to determine if the vibration tests excited subassembly responses at least as severely as the bus acoustic tests.
Kern, D. L.↗
NASA Applied Sciences' DEVELOP National Program: Training the Next Generation of Remote Sensing Scientists
Since its inception over a decade ago, the DEVELOP National Program has provided students with experience in utilizing and integrating satellite remote sensing data into real world-applications. In 1998, DEVELOP began with three students and has evolved into a nationwide internship program with over 200 students participating each year. DEVELOP is a NASA Applied Sciences training and development program extending NASA Earth science research and technology to society. Part of the NASA Science Mission Directorate s Earth Science Division, the Applied Sciences Program focuses on bridging the gap between NASA technology and the public by conducting projects that innovatively use NASA Earth science resources to research environmental issues. Project outcomes focus on assisting communities to better understand environmental change over time. This is accomplished through research with global, national, and regional partners to identify the widest array of practical uses of NASA data. DEVELOP students conduct research in areas that examine how NASA science can better serve society. Projects focus on practical applications of NASA s Earth science research results. Each project is designed to address at least one of the Applied Sciences focus areas, use NASA s Earth observation sources and meet partners needs. DEVELOP research teams partner with end-users and organizations who use project results for policy analysis and decision support, thereby extending the benefits of NASA science and technology to the public.
Childs, Lauren↗
Evolution of the Systems Engineering Education Development (SEED) Program at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
The Systems Engineering Education Development (SEED) Program at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center develops systems engineers from existing discipline engineers. The program has evolved significantly since the report to INCOSE in 2003. This paper describes the SEED Program as it is now, outlines the changes over the last year, discusses current status and results, and shows the value of human systems and leadership skills for practicing systems engineers.
Bagg, Thomas C., III↗
NASA Balloon Technology Activities
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Balloon Program technology development efforts are fundamental to improving the capabilities of the balloon systems, better understanding of the flight dynamics, and to support the science missions throughout the next decade. Building on the foundations of the 20-year research and development program, a technology roadmap has been generated which identifies specific areas of interest to NASA and the vision of future developments. The major components of the roadmap are: vehicle systems, ballooncraft systems, operational and safety support systems, and planetary vehicles. Within each of these major components, technologies are targeted that will provide both better understanding and foster advancements. The Program's technology thrust areas are directed both in broad efforts that touch on a number of the major components as well as specific tasks that address elements within a specific component. Advances in vehicle systems have focused on producing better balloon designs. This is being attempted through the use of improved inputs into the ba!loon des@ process. Central to this is an increasing the understanding of materials used to fabricate balloons. Testing techniques have been improved with better bi-axial characterization of the balloon materials. More realistic radiative properties of the balloon films and components have also been made. Analytical assessments of the balloon designs are also key in improving balloon designs. These analytical assessments have been accomplished using improving analysis tools and an increased understanding of the float environment. Details of these improvements will be presented. To help improve the operational and flight safety of the balloons, improved flight performance predictions have been made using new analytical tools as well as incorporating the increased understanding of the float environment. These two have combined to allow for improved post-flight balloon performance correlations. A potential to significantly improve the potential safety of a long duration flight can be accomplished using some form of a trajectory modification system. An overview of the development efforts for a trajectory modification system will be presented. A number of efforts will be presented that are focused on the improvement of the ballooncraft systems. Planetary ballooning activities have benefited from a number of separate but related technology advancements made by the NASA Balloon Program's technology developments. The tools, techniques, and advancements made for balloon design and balloon analysis are directly applicable to the processes to develop planetary balloons for either Mars or Venus. An overview of the NASA Balloon Program's role in these efforts and testing will be presented. The technology roadmap, as well as specific projects and recent advancements, will be presented. This overview will demonstrate the technology advancements made by the NASA Balloon Program are focusing on leading balloon developments into the future.
Fairbrother, Debora A.↗
Particles and fields subsatellite program
Developments in the Particles and Fields Lunar Subsatellite Program are reported. The basic purpose of the program is to provide three subsatellites with one for launch with Apollo 15, and one for launch with Apollo 16. At this time all three subsatellites have been completed except for a few minor changes, and the Flight 1 subsatellite has been successfully placed in orbit for the Apollo 15 CSM with all systems performing satisfactorily. The Flight 2 subsatellite is scheduled for launch on March 17, 1972. The Qualification Unit subsatellite has successfully completed its qualification testing.
Horn, H. J.↗
Energy efficient engine component development and integration program
The development of the technology to improve energy efficiency of propulsion systems for subsonic commercial aircrafts was examined. Goals established include: (1) fuel consumption, reduction in flight propulsion system; (2) direct operation cost; (3) noise, with provision for engine growth corresponding to future engine application; and (4) emissions, EPA new engine standards.
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