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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 541 records · Page 30
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DOE OSTI2013

On the structure of guide magnetic field in the inertia-driven magnetic reconnection with the presence of shear flow

The effect of equilibrium shear flow on the structure of out-of-plane magnetic field is analytically investigated in the two-fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) regimes of the collisionless tearing instability, where the electron inertia breaks the frozen-in condition. Our scaling analysis reveals that the Alfvénic and sub-Alfvénic shear flows cannot significantly modify the linear regimes of applicability. In addition, we show that the structure of out-of-plane magnetic field can either be quadrupolar or non-quadrupolar in Hall-MHD regimes. In particular, both types of structures can dominate at β < 1 (β is the ratio of plasma kinetic pressure to the pressure in the magnetic field) depending on the value of the normalized ion inertial skin depth. This conclusion, however, is in contradiction to the claim presented by Rogers et al. [J. Geophys. Res. 108, A3 (2003)], which states that the quadrupolar structure cannot appear at β < 1. The reasons of this disagreement are discussed in our study.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Cluster altered magnetic and transport properties in Ge{sub 1−x−y}Mn{sub x}Eu{sub y}Te

Magnetic and transport properties of Ge{sub 1−x−y}Mn{sub x}Eu{sub y}Te crystals with chemical compositions 0.041 ≤ x ≤ 0.092 and 0.010 ≤ y ≤ 0.043 are studied. Ferromagnetic order is observed at 150 < T < 160 K. Aggregation of magnetic ions into clusters is found to be the source of almost constant, composition independent Curie temperatures in our samples. Magnetotransport studies show that below 25 K there is a negative magnetoresistance, which is not linear and has a minimum and above 60 K the magnetoresistance is positive and linear. Negative magnetoresistance detected at T < 25 K is found to be due to a tunneling of spin-polarized electrons between ferromagnetic clusters. A linear positive magnetoresistance is identified to be a geometrical effect related to the presence of ferromagnetic clusters inside the semiconductor matrix. The product of the polarization constant (P) and the inter-grain exchange constant (J), JP, varies between about 0.13 meV and 0.99 meV. A strong anomalous Hall effect is observed for T ≤ T{sub C}, where T{sub C} is the Curie temperature, with coefficients R{sub S} independent of temperature. The scaling analysis of the AHE leads to a conclusion that this effect is due to a skew scattering mechanism.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Anderson metal-insulator transitions with classical magnetic impurities

We study the effects of classical magnetic impurities on the Anderson metal-insulator transition (AMIT) numerically. In particular we find that while a finite concentration of Ising impurities lowers the critical value of the site-diagonal disorder amplitude W{sub c}, in the presence of Heisenberg impurities, W{sub c} is first increased with increasing exchange coupling strength J due to time-reversal symmetry breaking. The resulting scaling with J is compared to analytical predictions by Wegner [1]. The results are obtained numerically, based on a finite-size scaling procedure for the typical density of states [2], which is the geometric average of the local density of states. The latter can efficiently be calculated using the kernel polynomial method [3]. Although still suffering from methodical shortcomings, our method proves to deliver results close to established results for the orthogonal symmetry class [4]. We extend previous approaches [5] by combining the KPM with a finite-size scaling analysis. We also discuss the relevance of our findings for systems like phosphor-doped silicon (Si:P), which are known to exhibit a quantum phase transition from metal to insulator driven by the interplay of both interaction and disorder, accompanied by the presence of a finite concentration of magnetic moments [6].

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Corrected loop vertex expansion for Φ{sub 2}{sup 4} theory

This paper is an extended erratum to Rivasseau and Wang [J. Math. Phys. 53, 042302 (2012); e-print http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.3443 [math-ph]], in which the classic construction and Borel summability of the ϕ{sub 2}{sup 4} Euclidean quantum field theory was revisited combining a multi-scale analysis with the constructive method called Loop Vertex Expansion (LVE). Unfortunately we discovered an important error in the method of Rivasseau and Wang [J. Math. Phys. 53, 042302 (2012); e-print http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.3443 [math-ph]]. We explain the mistake, and provide a new, correct construction of the ϕ{sub 2}{sup 4} theory according to the LVE.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Nonlinear density excitations in a magnetorotating relativistic plasma with warm ions and non-Maxwellian electrons

Linear and nonlinear electrostatic ion acoustic waves in a weakly relativistic magnetorotating plasma in the presence of non-Maxwellian electrons and warm ions have been examined. The system under consideration has yielded two solutions, namely, the fast and slow acoustic modes which have been observed to depend on the streaming velocity, ion to electron temperature ratio, and the nonthermality parameter of the non-Maxwellian electrons. Using the multiple time scale analysis, we have derived the three dimensional nonlinear Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation and also presented its solution. Both compressive and rarefactive solitary structures have been found in consonance with the satellite observations. It has been observed that although the linear dispersion relation gives both fast and slow ion acoustic waves, the solitary structures form only for the fast acoustic mode. The dependence of the characteristics of the solitary structures on several plasma parameters has also been explored. The present investigation may be beneficial to understanding the rotating plasma environments such as those found in the planetary magnetospheres of Saturn and Jupiter.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Scaling of the anomalous Hall effect in epitaxial antiperovskite Mn{sub 3.5}Dy{sub 0.5}N involving multiple competing scattering mechanisms

Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) has been studied for ferrimagnetic antiperovskite Mn{sub 3.5}Dy{sub 0.5}N film grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Reflective high energy electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy demonstrate the high quality of the film. We have used a scaling involving multiple competing scattering mechanisms to distinguish variations of contributions to the AHE by heavily doped Dy. The scaling analysis revealed that the heavily doped Dy has dramatically modified the skew scattering part of the AHE in Mn{sub 4}N and Mn{sub 3.5}Dy{sub 0.5}N has a totally different scattering mechanism from an undoped film.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Closed-form theoretical model of the secondary drop size in partial coalescence—Capturing pertinent timescales and viscous forces

One of the most important outcomes of partial drop coalescence is the ratio of the secondary drop radius to the primary drop radius, known as the drop ratio, ri. This ratio is thought to be approximately constant and independent of physical parameters of the fluids involved. However, here we reveal that ambient fluid viscosity can alter the size of the secondary drop and the drop ratio consequently. Using scaling analysis, we derive a model that predicts the behavior of the drop ratio as a function of the Ohnesorge number, a dimensionless ratio of viscous to inertial forces. In addition, we present our experimental results of coalescing drops on a planar interface under the influence of surface tension gradients. A high-speed digital camera is used to observe the evolution of drops as they coalesce with a bulk liquid. We show that this process is influenced by the surface tension gradient between the drop and the bulk liquid. The ratio of the secondary drop to the primary drop in partial coalescence is smaller than the reported values for coalescence without a surface tension gradient. The analytical model derived through this study is based on a new modified Ohnesorge number that includes surface tension gradients. Our analytical model is compared against other models and the results illustrate good agreement with our experimental findings and experimental data in the literature.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Scattering evidence of positional charge correlations in polyelectrolyte complexes

Polyelectrolyte complexation plays an important role in materials science and biology. The internal structure of the resultant polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) phase dictates properties such as physical state, response to external stimuli, and dynamics. Small-angle scattering experiments with X-rays and neutrons have revealed structural similarities between PECs and semidilute solutions of neutral polymers, where the total scattering function exhibits an Ornstein–Zernike form. In spite of consensus among different theoretical predictions, the existence of positional correlations between polyanion and polycation charges has not been confirmed experimentally. Here, we present small-angle neutron scattering profiles where the polycation scattering length density is matched to that of the solvent to extract positional correlations among anionic monomers. The polyanion scattering functions exhibit a peak at the inverse polymer screening radius of Coulomb interactions, q* ≈ 0.2 Å –1 . This peak, attributed to Coulomb repulsions between the fragments of polyanions and their attractions to polycations, is even more pronounced in the calculated charge scattering function that quantifies positional correlations of all polymer charges within the PEC. Screening of electrostatic interactions by adding salt leads to the gradual disappearance of this correlation peak, and the scattering functions regain an Ornstein–Zernike form. Experimental scattering results are consistent with those calculated from the random phase approximation, a scaling analysis, and molecular simulations.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

N-Glycopeptide Profiling in Arabidopsis Inflorescence

This study presents the first large scale analysis of plant intact glycopeptides. Using wheat germ agglutinin lectin weak affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides, followed by ETD fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry, glycan compositions on over 1100 glycopeptides from 270 proteins found in Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue were characterized. While some sites were only detected with a single glycan attached, others displayed up to 16 different glycoforms. Among the identified glycopeptides were four modified in non-consensus glycosylation motifs. Finally, while most of the modified proteins are secreted, membrane, ER or Golgi localized proteins, surprisingly N-linked sugars were detected on a protein predicted to be cytosolic or nuclear.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Quantum theory for 1D X-ray free electron laser

Classical 1D X-ray Free Electron Laser (X-ray FEL) theory has stood the test of time by guiding FEL design and development prior to any full-scale analysis. Future X-ray FELs and inverse-Compton sources, where photon recoil approaches an electron energy spread value, push the classical theory to its limits of applicability. After substantial efforts by the community to find what those limits are, there is no universally agreed upon quantum approach to design and development of future X-ray sources. We offer a new approach to formulate the quantum theory for 1D X-ray FELs that has an obvious connection to the classical theory, which allows for immediate transfer of knowledge between the two regimes. In conclusion, we exploit this connection in order to draw quantum mechanical conclusions about the quantum nature of electrons and generated radiation in terms of FEL variables.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2013

QUASARS PROBING QUASARS. VI. EXCESS H I ABSORPTION WITHIN ONE PROPER Mpc OF z ∼ 2 QUASARS

With close pairs of quasars at different redshifts, a background quasar sightline can be used to study a foreground quasar's environment in absorption. We use a sample of 650 projected quasar pairs to study the H I Lyα absorption transverse to luminous, z ∼ 2 quasars at proper separations of 30 kpc < R < 1 Mpc. In contrast to measurements along the line-of-sight, regions transverse to quasars exhibit enhanced H I Lyα absorption and a larger variance than the ambient intergalactic medium, with increasing absorption and variance toward smaller scales. Analysis of composite spectra reveals excess absorption characterized by a Lyα equivalent width profile W = 2.3 Å (R /100 kpc){sup –0.46}. We also observe a high (≅ 60%) covering factor of strong, optically thick H I absorbers (H I column N{sub H{sub I}}>10{sup 17.3} cm{sup -2}) at separations R < 200 kpc, which decreases to ∼20% at R ≅ 1 Mpc, but still represents a significant excess over the cosmic average. This excess of optically thick absorption can be described by a quasar-absorber cross-correlation function ξ{sub QA}(r) = (r/r{sub 0}){sup γ} with a large correlation length r{sub 0} = 12.5{sup +2.7}{sub -1.4} h{sup -1} Mpc (comoving) and γ=1.68{sup +0.14}{sub -0.30}. The H I absorption measured around quasars exceeds that of any previously studied population, consistent with quasars being hosted by massive dark matter halos M{sub halo} ≈ 10{sup 12.5} M{sub ☉} at z ∼ 2.5. The environments of these massive halos are highly biased toward producing optically thick gas, and may even dominate the cosmic abundance of Lyman limit systems and hence the intergalactic opacity to ionizing photons at z ∼ 2.5. The anisotropic absorption around quasars implies the transverse direction is much less likely to be illuminated by ionizing radiation than the line-of-sight.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Atmospheric heat redistribution and collapse on tidally locked rocky planets

Atmospheric collapse is likely to be of fundamental importance to tidally locked rocky exoplanets, but it remains understudied. Here, general results on the heat transport and stability of tidally locked terrestrial-type atmospheres are reported. First, the problem is modeled with an idealized three-dimensional (3D) general circulation model (GCM) with gray gas radiative transfer. It is shown that over a wide range of parameters that the atmospheric boundary layer, rather than the large-scale circulation, is the key to understanding the planetary energy balance. Through a scaling analysis of the interhemispheric energy transfer, theoretical expressions for the day–night temperature difference and surface wind speed are created that reproduce the GCM results without tuning. Next, the GCM is used with correlated-k radiative transfer to study heat transport for two real gases (CO{sub 2} and CO). For CO{sub 2}, empirical formulae for the collapse pressure as a function of planetary mass and stellar flux are produced, and critical pressures for atmospheric collapse at Earth’s stellar flux are obtained that are around five times higher (0.14 bar) than previous gray gas estimates. These results provide constraints on atmospheric stability that will aid in future interpretations of observations and exoplanet habitability modeling.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

An implementation of neural simulation-based inference for parameter estimation in ATLAS

Neural simulation-based inference (NSBI) is a powerful class of machine-learning-based methods for statistical inference that naturally handles high-dimensional parameter estimation without the need to bin data into low-dimensional summary histograms. Such methods are promising for a range of measurements, including at the Large Hadron Collider, where no single observable may be optimal to scan over the entire theoretical phase space under consideration, or where binning data into histograms could result in a loss of sensitivity. This work develops a NSBI framework for statistical inference, using neural networks to estimate probability density ratios, which enables the application to a full-scale analysis. It incorporates a large number of systematic uncertainties, quantifies the uncertainty due to the finite number of events in training samples, develops a method to construct confidence intervals, and demonstrates a series of intermediate diagnostic checks that can be performed to validate the robustness of the method. As an example, the power and feasibility of the method are assessed on simulated data for a simplified version of an off-shell Higgs boson couplings measurement in the four-lepton final states. This approach represents an extension to the standard statistical methodology used by the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, and can benefit many physics analyses.

frequentist statistics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Manipulating high-temperature superconductivity by oxygen doping in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ thin flakes

Abstract Harnessing the fascinating properties of correlated oxides requires precise control of their carrier density. Compared to other methods, oxygen doping provides an effective and more direct way to tune the electronic properties of correlated oxides. Although several approaches, such as thermal annealing and oxygen migration, have been introduced to change the oxygen content, a continuous and reversible solution that can be integrated with modern electronic technology is much in demand. Here, we report a novel ionic field-effect transistor using solid Gd-doped CeO2 as the gate dielectric, which shows a remarkable carrier-density-tuning ability via electric-field-controlled oxygen concentration at room temperature. In Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi-2212) thin flakes, we achieve a reversible superconductor–insulator transition by driving oxygen ions in and out of the samples with electric fields, and map out the phase diagram all the way from the insulating regime to the over-doped superconducting regime by continuously changing the oxygen doping level. Scaling analysis indicates that the reversible superconductor–insulator transition for the Bi-2212 thin flakes follows the theoretical description of a two-dimensional quantum phase transition. Our work provides a route for realizing electric-field control of phase transition in correlated oxides. Moreover, the configuration of this type of transistor makes heterostructure/interface engineering possible, thus having the potential to serve as the next-generation all-solid-state field-effect transistor.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

From trivial to topological paramagnets: The case of Z 2 and Z 2 3 symmetries in two dimensions

Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we map out the phase diagram of Hamiltonians interpolating between trivial and nontrivial bosonic symmetry-protected topological phases, protected by Z 2 and Z 2 3 symmetries, in two dimensions. In all cases, we find that the trivial and the topological phases are separated by an intermediate phase in which the protecting symmetry is spontaneously broken. Depending on the model, we identify a variety of magnetic orders on the triangular lattice, including ferromagnetism, 3 × 3 order, and stripe orders (both commensurate and incommensurate). Critical properties are determined through a finite-size scaling analysis. Possible scenarios regarding the nature of the phase transitions are discussed.

2-dimensional systems↗
DOE OSTI2021

Quantum criticality in Ce 1 - x Sm x Co In 5

Motivated by the possibility of observing the coexistence between magnetism and unconventional superconductivity in heavy-fermion Ce 1-x Sm x CoIn 5 alloys, we studied how the samarium substitution on the cerium site affects the magnetic field-tuned-quantum criticality of stoichiometric CeCoIn 5 by performing specific heat and resistivity measurements. By applying an external magnetic field, we have observed Fermi-liquid to non-Fermi-liquid crossovers in the temperature dependence of the electronic specific heat normalized by temperature and of the resistivity. We obtained the magnetic-field-induced quantum critical point (QCP) by extrapolating to zero temperature the temperature-magnetic field dependence at which the crossovers take place. Furthermore, a scaling analysis of the electronic specific heat is used to confirm the existence of the QCP. We have found that the magnitude of the magnetic-field-induced QCP decreases with increasing samarium concentration. Our analysis of heat capacity and resistivity data reveals a zero-field QCP for x cr ≈0.15, which falls inside the region where Sm ions antiferromagnetism and superconductivity coexist.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Local integrals of motion and the quasiperiodic many-body localization transition

We study the many-body localization (MBL) transition for interacting fermions subject to quasiperiodic potentials by constructing the local integrals of motion (LIOMs) in the MBL phase as time-averaged local operators. Here, we study numerically how these time-averaged operators evolve across the MBL transition. We find that the norm of such time-averaged operators drops discontinuously to zero across the transition; as we discuss, this implies that LIOMs abruptly become unstable at some critical localization length of order unity. We analyze the LIOMs using hydrodynamic projections and isolating the part of the operator that is associated with interactions. Equipped with these data we perform a finite-size scaling analysis of the quasiperiodic MBL transition. Our results suggest that the quasiperiodic MBL transition occurs at considerably stronger quasiperiodic modulations and has a larger correlation-length critical exponent than previous studies had found.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quasi-Fermi liquid behavior in a one-dimensional system of interacting spinless fermions

We present numerical evidence for a paradigm in one-dimensional interacting fermion systems, whose phenomenology has traits of both Luttinger liquids and Fermi liquids. This state, dubbed a quasi-Fermi liquid, possesses a discontinuity in its fermion occupation number at the Fermi momentum. The excitation spectrum presents particlelike quasiparticles and absence of holelike quasiparticles, giving rise instead to edge singularities. Such a state is realized in a one-dimensional spinless fermion lattice Hamiltonian by fine-tuning the interactions to a regime where they become irrelevant in the renormalization group sense. We show, using uniform infinite matrix products states and finite-entanglement scaling analysis, that the system ground state is characterized by a Luttinger parameter K = 1 and a discontinuous jump in the fermion occupation number. We support the characterization with calculations of the spectral function that show a particle-hole asymmetry reflected in the existence of well-defined Landau quasiparticles above the Fermi level and edge singularities without the associated quasiparticles below. Furthermore, these results indicate that the quasi-Fermi liquid paradigm can be realized beyond the low-energy perturbative realm.

1-dimensional systems↗