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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 541 records · Page 30
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

The hot stellar component in elliptical galaxies and spiral bulges. I - The far-ultraviolet spectrum of the bulge of M31

An analysis of the M31 spectrum is presented and compared to the spectrum of NGC 1399. There are significant differences between the two spectra that cannot easily be explained by uncertainties in extinction. The M31 spectrum requires a contribution from stars hotter than those that dominate the NGC 1399 spectral energy distribution. It is found that an acceptable fit to the M31 spectrum can be produced by assuming that it consists of stars like those in NGC 1399, combined with a much higher proportion of classical post-asymptotic giant branch stars. This result is not completely conclusive because of uncertainties in extinction, but it agrees with the idea that as metallicity increases, so does the contribution from extreme horizontal branch stars, post-early-AGB stars, and AGB-Manque stars.

Ferguson, Henry C.↗
NASA NTRS2003

The Ionized Gas and Nuclear Environment in NGC 3783: Variability and Modeling of the 900 ks CHANDRA Spectrum - IV

We present a detailed analysis of the 900 ks spectrum of NGC3783 obtained by Chandra in 2000-2001 (Kaspi et al. 2002). We split the data in various ways to look for time dependent and luminosity dependent spectral variations. This analysis, the measured equivalent widths of a large number of X-ray lines, and our photoionization calculations, lead us to the following conclusions: 1) NGC 3783 fluctuated in luminosity, by a factor N 1.5, during individual 170 ks observations. The fluctuations were not associated with significant spectral variations. 2) On a longer time scale, of 20-120 days, we discovered two very different spectral shapes that are noted the high state and the low state spectra. The observed changes between the two can be described as the appearance and disappearance of a soft continuum component. The spectral variations are not related, in a simple way, to the brightening or the fading of the short wavelength continuum, as observed in other objects. NGC3783 seems to be the first AGN to show this unusual behavior. 3) The appearance of the soft continuum component is consistent with beeing the only spectral variation and there is no need to invoke changes in the absorber s opacity. In particular, all absorption lines with reliable measurements show the same equivalent width, within the observational uncertainties, during high and low states. 4) Photoionization model calculations show that a combination of three ionization components, each split into two kinematic components, explain very well the intensity of almost all absorption lines and the bound-free absorption. The components span a large range of ionization and a total column of about 3 x 10(exp 22) per square centimeter Moreover, all components are thermally stable and are situated on the vertical branch of the stability curve.. This means that they are in pressure equilibrium and perhaps occupy the same volume of space. This is the first detection of such a multi-component equilibrium gas in AGN. 5) The only real discrepancy between the model and the observations is the wavelength of the iron M-shell UTA feature. This is most likely due to an underestimation of the dielectronic recombination O VI and discuss its possible origin. 6) The lower limit on the distance of the absorbing gas in NGC3783 is between 0.2 and 3.2 pc, depending of the specific ionization component. The constant pressure assumption imposes an upper limit of about 25 pc on the distance of the least ionized gas from the central sourec.

Netzer, Hagai↗
DOE OSTI2025

YSO implantation detector for beta-delayed neutron spectroscopy

A segmented-scintillator-based implantation detector was developed to study the energy distribution of β-delayed neutrons emitted from exotic isotopes. The detector comprises a 34 × 34 YSO scintillator coupled to an 8 × 8 anode Position-Sensitive Photo-Multiplier Tube (PSPMT) via a tapered light guide. The detector was used at RIBF, RIKEN for time-of-flight-based neutron spectroscopy measurement in the 78Ni region. The detector provides the position and timing resolution necessary for ion-beta correlations and time of flight measurements. The detector provides a high ~80% beta-detection efficiency and a sub-nanosecond timing resolution. This contribution discusses the details of the design, operation, implementation, and analysis developed to obtain neutron time-of-flight spectrum and the analysis methods in the context of neutron-rich nuclei in the 78Ni region.

Implantation detector↗
NASA NTRS1985

Detection and analysis of photospheric CNO features in the ultraviolet spectrum of the hot DO white dwarf PG 1034 + 001

An analysis of PG 1034 + 001 extended to include the high-dispersion IUE spectra and the high-resolution optical multiple-mirror telescope echelle spectra is discussed. The observations reveal the presence of absorption lines (C IV at 1548 and 1551 A, N V at 1238 and 1242 A, and O V at 1371 A) from highly ionized species with large redshifts (+ 40-50) km/s) relative to the interstellar lines. The results of a preliminary abundance analysis of the photospheric lines, together with the results of a search of sharp shortward-shifted features are presented. An interpretation of the observed abundances is made in terms of selective radiative forces acting in a high-temperature photosphere. Some speculations on the evolutionary status of DO stars like PG 1034 + 001 are given.

Sion, E. M.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Finite wordlength implementation of a megachannel digital spectrum analyzer

The results of an extensive system analysis of the megachannel spectrum analyzer currently being developed for use in various applications of the Deep Space Network are presented. The intent of this analysis is to quantify the effects of digital quantization errors on system performance. The results of this analysis provide useful guidelines for choosing various system design parameters to enhance system performance.

Satorius, E. H.↗
NASA NTRS1999

EGRET/COMPTEL Observations of an Unusual, Steep-Spectrum Gamma-Ray Source

During analysis of sources below the threshold of the third EGRET catalog, we have discovered a source, named GRO J1400-3956 based on the best position, with a remarkably steep spectrum. Archival analysis of COMPTEL data shows that the spectrum must have a strong turn-over in the energy range between COMPTEL and EGRET. The EGRET data show some evidence of time variability, suggesting an AGN, but the spectral change of slope is larger than that seen for most gamma-ray blazars. The sharp cutoff resembles the high-energy spectral breaks seen in some gamma-ray pulsars. There have as yet been no OSSE observations of this source.

Thompson, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Chandra Phase-Resolved X-ray Spectroscopy of the Crab Pulsar II

We present a new study of the X-ray spectral properties of the Crab Pulsar. The superb angular resolution of the Chandra X-ray Observatory enables distinguishing the pulsar from the surrounding nebulosity. Analysis of the spectrum as a function of pulse phase allows the least-biased measure of interstellar X-ray extinction due primarily to photoelectric absorption and secondarily to scattering by dust grains in the direction of the Crab Nebula. We modify previous findings that the line-of-sight to the Crab is under-abundant in oxygen and provide measurements with improved accuracy and less bias. Using the abundances and cross sections from Wilms, Allen & McCray (2000) we find [O/H] = (5.28+\-0.28) x 10(exp -4) (4.9 x 10(exp -4) is solar abundance). \rVe also measure for the first time the impact of scattering of flux out of the image by interstellar grains. \rYe find T(sub scat) = 0.147+/-0.043. Analysis of the spectrum as a function of pulse phase also measures the X-ray spectral index even at pulse minimum - albeit with increasing statistical uncertainty. The spectral variations are, by and large, consistent with a sinusoidal variation. The only significant variation from the sinusoid occurs over the same phase range as some rather abrupt behavior in the optical polarization magnitude and position angle. We compare these spectral variations to those observed in Gamma-rays and conclude that our measurements are both a challenge and a guide to future modeling and will thus eventually help us understand pair cascade processes in pulsar magnetospheres. The data were also used to set new. and less biased, upper limits to the surface temperature of the neutron star for different models of the neutron star atmosphere.

Weisskopf, Martin C.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Analysis of the dynamics and frequency spectrum synthesis of an optical-mechanical scanning device

A two-coordinate optical-mechanical scanning device (OMSD), the operating unit of which is a scanning disk, with directional and focusing optics and a board, on which the data carrier is placed, is examined. The disk and board are kinematically connected by a transmission mechanism, consisting of a worm and complex gear drive and a tightening screw-nut with correcting device, and it is run by a synchronous type motor. The dynamic errors in the system depend, first, on irregularities in rotation of the disk, fluctuations in its axis and vibrations of the table in the plane parallel to the plane of the disk. The basic sources of the fluctuations referred to above are residual disbalance of the rotor and other rotating masses, the periodic component of the driving torque of the synchronous motor, variability in the resistance, kinematic errors in the drive and other things. The fluctuations can be transmitted to the operating units through the kinematic link as a flexural-torsional system, as well as through vibrations of the housing of the device.

Andryushkevichyus, A. I.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Analysis and application of Fourier transform spectroscopy in atmospheric remote sensing

An analysis method for Fourier transform spectroscopy is summarized with applications to various types of distortion in atmospheric absorption spectra. This analysis method includes the fast Fourier transform method for simulating the interferometric spectrum and the nonlinear least-squares method for retrieving the information from a measured spectrum. It is shown that spectral distortions can be simulated quite well and that the correct information can be retrieved from a distorted spectrum by this analysis technique.

Park, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Measurement and analysis of the far infrared absorption spectrum of the gaseous mixture H2-CH4

The collision-induced absorption of H2-CH4 mixtures was measured from 20 to 900/cm at 195 and 297 K. By subtracting the absorption due to H2-H2 and CH4-CH4 collisions from that of the mixture, the absorption due to H2-CH4 collisions was obtained. This spectrum was analyzed using the BC model line shape to provide a way of estimating the far-IR spectrum of H2-CH4 for various concentrations of H2 and CH4. Theoretical spectral moments were computed with different potential functions and compared with experimental values.

Birnbaum, George↗
NASA NTRS1989

A new analysis of the vibration-rotation spectrum of CH from solar spectra

In the solar spectrum, CH vibration-rotation lines are excited to higher vibrational and much higher rotational quantum numbers than in any laboratory source. Observations were made, for the first time, of a very large number of new lines (1-0 and 2-1 up to J = 34.5, 3-2 up to J = 31.5, and even 4-3, never seen before, up to J = 24.5) on solar spectra obtained from space, with the ATMOS-SL3 instrument. A total of 558 lines have been used to derive new accurate molecular constants for the X 2Pi ground state of CH.

Melen, F.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Security Analysis of a Class of Spread Spectrum Systems Presentation

A method of adding physical layer security to a class of spread spectrum systems has been recently proposed. In this paper, we look into the rate at which an eavesdropper may gain information about the system to decipher the data symbols. The Shannon mutual information is used to measure the rate of information that may be gained by an eavesdropper. The k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) method is used to obtain estimates of relevant entropy values, which will then be used to quantify the rate of information recovery as more data is transmitted. It turns out that such information recovery requires the adoption of special methods that avoid any destructive bias in the estimates. Details of these methods are also presented.

97 - MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1986

Thermal spectrum of Uranus - Implications for large helium abundance

An analysis of the infrared spectrum of Uranus' disk between 7 micrometers and 3 millimeters suggests a volume mixing ratio for helium in the atmosphere of 40 + or - 20 percent, more than for the sun, Jupiter, or Saturn. Alternative explanations require even more extreme assumptions regarding gas abundances or aerosol vertical distribution and spectral properties. The most serious difficulty with a model containing large amounts of helium is devising a credible evolutionary or chemical model explaining the absence or segregation of so much hydrogen.

Orton, G. S.↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Sub-Threshold Low-Power Integrated Bandpass Filter for Highly-Integrated Spectrum Analyzers

Low-power analog filter banks provide frequency analysis with minimal power and space requirements, making them viable solutions for integrated remote audio- and vibration-sensing applications. Compared with their digital counterparts, analog filter banks are better suited to achieve the lower power consumption necessary for IoT applications. In this work, the design and implementation of a sub-threshold complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated low-power tunable bandpass filter channel for signal spectrum analysis and signal discrimination is presented, including performance improvements to stability and precise matching between filter stages. The 8 th -order filter channel achieves an effective Q-factor of 4.5 and dynamic range of 60 dB, has an operational frequency range from 2 kHz to 100 kHz, and consumes 256 µW nominally at the highest center frequency. An integrated analog Gm-C filter topology is selected for this application. Functionally, the high-Q bandpass filter transfer function is implemented via four cascaded 2 nd -order filter cells and is fabricated in 130-nm 1.2-V CMOS technology, making it suitable for use in monolithic integrated spectral analysis (MISA) applications.

Long, Gavin↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Sub-Threshold Low-Power Integrated Bandpass Filter for Highly-Integrated Spectrum Analyzers

Low-power analog filter banks provide frequency analysis with minimal power and space requirements, making them viable solutions for integrated remote audio- and vibration-sensing applications. Compared with their digital counterparts, analog filter banks are better suited to achieve the lower power consumption necessary for IoT applications, while maintaining high dynamic range and a wide operational frequency range. In this work, the design and implementation of a sub-threshold complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated low-power tunable analog filter channel for signal spectrum analysis and signal discrimination is presented. Project specifications required a programmable, high-order, monolithic bandpass filter channel with small chip area, low power consumption, high dynamic range, and wide operational frequency range. The 8th-order filter channel presented in this work provides an effective Q-factor of 4.5 and a minimum dynamic range (DR) of approximately 85 dB, while allowing for tuning across a range of center frequencies from 2 kHz to 100 kHz, with power consumption of a single 8th-order filter channel measured at 256 µW nominally at the highest center frequency. An integrated analog Gm-C filter topology was selected for this application. Functionally, the high-Q bandpass filter transfer function is implemented via four cascaded 2nd-order filter cells, resulting in a single 8th-order filter channel, fabricated in 130-nm 1.2-V CMOS technology, suitable for use in monolithic integrated spectral analysis (MISA1) applications.

Long, Gavin B.↗