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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 541 records · Page 30
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Data Files for “The 2030 National Charging Network: Estimating U.S. Light-Duty Demand for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure"

This data set includes modeling results from “The 2030 National Charging Network: Estimating U.S. Light-Duty Demand for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure” including region-specific [i.e., national, state, and core-based statistical area (CBSA)—cities/towns] electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) port count requirements in 2025 and 2030 for multiple scenarios described in the study. Please cite as: Wood, E., B. Borlaug, M. Moniot, D.-Y. Lee, Y. Ge, F. Yang, and Z. Liu. 2023. The 2030 National Charging Network: Estimating U.S. Light-Duty Demand for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-5400-85654.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS1973

The color of beta Lyrae in 1958

It is pointed out that there is a discrepancy in the color of beta Lyr as obtained by observers in 1959 and the results of an observation in 1958 reported by Wood and Walker (1960). The 1958 transformation to the UBV system is reinvestigated because of the importance of this color difference for the understanding of the physical processes of beta Lyr and the possible secular variation of these processes.

Wood, D. B.↗
NASA NTRS1977

The effects of target characteristics on fresh crater morphology - Preliminary results for the moon and Mercury

The results are reported of an analysis of the characteristics of fresh crater samples occurring on the two major geologic units on the moon (maria and highlands) and on Mercury (smooth plains and cratered terrain). In particular, the onset diameters and abundances of central peaks and terraces are examined and compared for both geologic units on each planet in order to detect any variations that might be due to geologic unit characteristics. The analysis of lunar crater characteristics is based on information provided in the LPL Catalog of Lunar Craters of Wood and Andersson (1977). The Mercurian data set utilized is related to a program involving the cataloguing of Mercurian craters visible in Mariner 10 photography. It is concluded that the characteristics of the substrate have exerted a measurable influence on the occurrence of central peaks, terraces, and scallops in flash crater samples. Therefore, in order to compare the morphologic characteristics of fresh crater populations between planets, an analysis of possible substrate-related differences must first be undertaken for each planet under consideration. It is suggested that large variations in gravity do not produce major variations in crater wall failure.

Cintala, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

New morphometric data for fresh lunar craters

Morphometric relations have been determined for 2598 fresh craters on the lunar nearside using data given in the catalog of Wood and Andersson (1978). For each of five principal morphological types, typified by Albategnius C, Biot, Sosigenes, Triesnecker, and Tycho, statistical relations are documented for the following: crater diameter and depth; floor diameter and crater diameter; central peak height and crater diameter; average wall slope and crater depth; central peak occurrence and crater diameter; occurrence of scallops or terraces and crater diameter. The first four relations generally confirm the conclusions of Pike (1977), but the last two differ from results reported by Smith and Sanchez (1973). Small (diameter less than 20 km) flat-floored craters formed in mare terrains are as much as 10% deeper than those formed in the highlands, and the depths of small bowl-shaped craters reflect even greater dependence on terrain. Larger, scalloped-walled craters are deeper in highland terrain than on the maria. Although wall failure does not occur until the crater diameter reaches 13 km, central peaks are found in flat floor craters as small as 2 km.

Wood, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1989

X ray timing observations and gravitational physics

Photon-rich x ray observations on bright compact galactic sources will make it possible to detect many fast processes that may occur in these systems on millisecond and submillisecond timescales. Many of these processes are of direct relevance to gravitational physics because they arise in regions of strong gravity near neutron stars and black holes where the dynamical timescales for compact objects of stellar mass are milliseconds. To date, such observations have been limited by the detector area and telemetry rates available. However, instruments such as the proposed X ray Large Array (XLA) would achieve collecting areas of about 100 sq m. This instrument has been described elsewhere (Wood and Michelson 1988) and was the subject of a recent prephase A feasibility study at Marshall Space Flight Center. Observations with an XLA class instrument will directly impact five primary areas of astrophysics research: the attempt to detect gravitational radiation, the study of black holes, the physics of mass accretion onto compact objects, the structure of neutron stars and nuclear matter, and the characterization of dark matter in the universe. Those observations are discussed that are most directly relevant to gravitational physics: the search for millisecond x ray pulsars that are potential sources of continuous gravitational radiation; and the use of x ray timing observations to probe the physical conditions in extreme relativistic regions of space near black holes, both stellar-sized and supermassive.

Michelson, Peter F.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Lower solar chromosphere-corona transition region. II - Wave pressure effects for a specific form of the heating function

Lower transition region models with a balance between mechanical heating and radiative losses are expanded to include wave pressure effects. The models are used to study the simple damping length form of the heating function. The results are compared to the results obtained by Woods et al. (1990) for solutions in the lower transition region. The results suggest that a mixture of fast-mode and slow-mode waves may provide the appropriate heating mechanism in the lower transition region, with the decline in effective vertical wave speed caused by the refraction and eventual total reflection of the fast-mode wave resulting from the decreasing atmospheric density.

Woods, D. Tod↗
NASA NTRS1992

Constraints on the age and evolution of the Galaxy from the white dwarf luminosity function

The white dwarf disk luminosity function is explored using observational results of Liebert et al. (1988, 1989) as a template for comparison, and the cooling curves of Wood (1990, 1991) as the input basis functions for the integration. The star formation rate over the history of the Galaxy is found to be constant to within an order of magnitude, and the disk age lies in the range 6-13.5 Gyr, where roughly 40 percent of the uncertainty is due to the observational uncertainties. Using the best current estimates as inputs to the integration, the disk ages range from 7.5 to 11 Gyr, i.e., they are substantially younger than most estimates for the halo globular clusters but in reasonable agreement with those for the disk globular clusters and open clusters. The ages of these differing populations, taken together, are consistent with the pressure-supported collapse models of early spiral Galactic evolution.

Wood, M. A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Simulating thin cirrus clouds in Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE) for LAWS

It was previously shown (Wood and Emmitt, 1990, 1991) that, by omitting the contribution of thin cirrus by the Observing System Simulation Experiments, will result in severe misrepresentation of both the frequency and the accuracy of wind observations in the upper troposphere. This paper estimates the presence of optically thin (tau less than 1.0) cirrus clouds by using model soundings in a cirrus cloud model. An example is presented showing the location of cirrus cloud profiles over North America for November 10, 1979, which were generated by the LAWS Simulation Model.

Emmitt, G. D.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Solar EUV irradiance from the San Marco ASSI - A reference spectrum

The only satellite measurement of the solar EUV irradiance during solar cycle 22 has been obtained with the Airglow Solar Spectrometer Instrument (ASSI) aboard the San Marco 5 satellite flown in 1988. The ASSI in-flight calibration parameters are established by using the internal capabilities of ASSI and by comparing ASSI results to the results from other space-based experiments on the ASSI calibration rocket and the Solar Mesospheric Explorer (SME). A solar EUV irradiance spectrum derived from ASSI observations on November 10, 1988 is presented as a reference spectrum for moderate solar activity for the aeronomy community. This ASSI spectrum should be considered as a refinement and extension of the solar EUV spectrum published for the same day by Woods and Rottman (1990).

Schmidtke, Gerhard↗
NASA NTRS1993

Research into the influence of spatial variability and scale on the parameterization of hydrological processes

The objectives of the research were as follows: (1) Extend the Representative Elementary Area (RE) concept, first proposed and developed in Wood et al, (1988), to the water balance fluxes of the interstorm period (redistribution, evapotranspiration and baseflow) necessary for the analysis of long-term water balance processes. (2) Derive spatially averaged water balance model equations for spatially variable soil, topography and vegetation, over A RANGE OF CLIMATES. This is a necessary step in our goal to derive consistent hydrologic results up to GCM grid scales necessary for global climate modeling. (3) Apply the above macroscale water balance equations with remotely sensed data and begin to explore the feasibility of parameterizing the water balance constitutive equations at GCM grid scale.

Wood, Eric F.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Mineralogic and Petrologic Studies of Meteorites and Lunar Samples

In the period named, P.I. Wood and his Research Associate M.I. Petaev published or submitted for publication the following papers and abstracts, which address the subjects: Simulation of melting-crystallization relationships in chondritic and achondritic igneous systems. METEOMOD: A numerical model for the calculation of melting-crystalyization relationships in meteoritic igneous systems. Secondary Ca-Fe-rich minerals in the Bali-like and Allende-like oxidized CV3 chondrites and Allende dark inclusions. Silica minerals in the Gibeon IVA iron meteorite. Drusy vugs in the Albion iron meteorite: Mineralogy and textures. Search for exsolved ferromagnesian olivines: A meteoritic survey. Cr-bearing minerals in the Gibeon IVA iron: Indicators of sulfur and oxygen fugacities in the parent body. Lunar Planet. Computer modelling of ordinary chondrite melting. Drusy vugs in the Albion iron meteorite: Early speculation on the origin. Also Processing of chondritic and planetary material in spiral density waves in the nebula. Chondrite formation by turbulence and shock in the solar nebula.

Wood, John A.↗
NASA NTRS1998

GRB 980326 and GRB 980329

M. S. Briggs, G. Richardson, R. M. Kippen, and p. M. woods, University of Alabama in Huntsville, report on behalf of the BATSE team: GRB 980326 (IAUC 6851) was observed with BATSE on Mar. 26.88811 UT as trigger 6660. The event lasted about 5 s and exhibited three narrow pulses. Its peak flux (integrated over 0.5 s) and fluence (50-300 keV) are 8 x l0(exp -7) erg /sq cm sE-1 and 1 x 10(exp -6) erg/sq cm, respectively. GRB 980329 (IAUC 6853) was observed with BATSE on Mar. 29.15600 as trigger 6665; the event was very intense and lasted about 55 s, exhibiting a 10-s-long, highly structured peak. Its peak flux (integrated over 0.5 s) and fluence (50-300 keV) are 8 x 10(exp -6) erg/ sq cm sE-1 and 5 x l0(exp -5) erg/ sq cm, respectively. The BATSE locations are consistent with the locations of the reported optical transient for GRB 980326 (IAUC 6852) and the SAX/NFI x-ray counterpart for GRB 980329 (IAUC 6854). Location maps can be found at http://www.batse.msfc.nasa.gov/-kippen/batsebr.

Briggs, Michael S.↗
NASA NTRS1999

On the Variable Spin-Down of SGR 1900+14

We consider the physical implications of the rapid spindown of Soft Gamma Repeater 1900+14 reported in a companion paper by Woods et al. During an 80 day interval between June 1998 and the large outburst on August 27, 1998, the mean spin-down rate increased by a factor 2.3 resulting in a positive period offset of delta P/P = 1 X 10(exp -4)/ A radiation hydrodynamical outflow associated with the August 27 event could impart the required torque, but only if the dipole magnetic field is stronger than about 10(exp 14) G and the outflow lasts longer than the observed X-ray flare. A positive period increment is also a natural consequence of a gradual plastic deformation of the neutron star crust by an intense magnetic field. Finally, we discuss the relative stability of the long term spin-down rate of SGR 1900+14, and compare the relative spindown rates of the SGRs and the Anomalous X-ray Pulsars.

Thompson, Christopher↗
NASA NTRS2001

Human Dimensions of Deforestation and Regrowth in the Brazilian Amazon: Integrating Data from Satellites, Demographic Censuses, and Field Surveys

This report summarizes research activities and products from a collaborative project on the "Human Dimensions of Deforestation and Regrowth in the Brazilian Amazon," awarded to Charles H. Wood (PI; Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, now in the Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida), Steven E. Sanderson (Co-PI; Department of Political Science, University of Florida, now Dean of Emory College, Emory University) and David L. Skole (Co-PI; Institute for Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, now in the Department of Geography and Basic Science Remote Sensing Initiative, Michigan State University).

Wood, Charles H.↗
DOE OSTI2022

From Petroleum to Biobased Crude: A Thermoplastic Polyurethane from Lignin-Oil Without Isocyanates

The movement to transfer from petroleum-based products and materials to renewables does not necessarily have to bypass the use of oil. A new type of "black-gold" is readily abundant from the earth's most abundant source of aromatic carbon: lignin. While fractionation of petroleum yields fuels and chemicals for a diverse set of industries, lignin fractionation using targeted catalysts has demonstrated the ability to generate monomers and oligomers rich in functional groups for polymer synthesis. This study explores the use of lignin-oil, generated from reductive catalytic fractionation of popular wood, to a hydroxyl-rich mixture of aromatics that is used to synthesize a thermoplastic non-isocyanate polyurethane. The lignin-oil is first converted to a cyclocarbonated derivative using a benign synthetic sequence and further polymerized with a diamine to yield the non-isocyanate TPU. While more work is underway to optimize the reaction conditions and meet typical mechanical properties of commercial materials, initial analysis shows thermoplastic behavior and flexible properties consistent with traditional thermoplastic polyurethanes.

BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Structure, Function, and Application of Self–Healing Adhesives from Mistletoe Viscin

Berries from the European Mistletoe (Viscum album) possess a sticky tissue called viscin that facilitates adhesion and germination onto host trees. Recent studies of viscin have demonstrated its adhesive capacity on a range of natural and synthetic surfaces including wood, skin, metals, and plastic. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, an investigation of the adhesive performance of mistletoe viscin is performed, demonstrating its hygroscopic nature and ability to self-heal following adhesive failure. It is identified that adhesion originates from a water-soluble adhesive component that can be extracted, isolated, and characterized independently. Lap shear mechanical testing indicates that the mistletoe adhesive extract (MAE) outperforms native viscin tissue, as well as gum arabic and arabinogalactan—common plant-based adhesives. Furthermore, humidity uptake experiments reveal that MAE can reversibly absorb nearly 100% of its mass in water from the atmosphere. In-depth spectroscopic and mass spectrometry investigations reveal a composition consisting primarily of an atypical arabinogalactan, with additional sugar alcohols. Finally, several proof-of-concept applications are demonstrated using MAE for hygro-responsive reversible adhesion between various surfaces including skin, plastic, PDMS, and paper, revealing that MAE holds potential as a biorenewable and reusable adhesive for applications in cosmetics, packaging, and potentially, tissue engineering.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Thermal Management by Engineering the Alignment of Nanocellulose

One of the grand current research challenges is to improve the energy efficiency of residential and commercial buildings, which cumulatively consume more than 40% of the energy generated globally. In addition to improving the comfort of the inhabitants and mitigating the growing energy consumption problem, new building materials and technologies could provide a safe strategy for geoengineering to mitigate global climate change. Herein, recent progress in developing such advanced materials from nanocellulose, which is often derived from wood or even dirty feedstocks like waste, is reviewed. By using chemical and bacteria-enabled processing, nanocellulose can be used to fabricate broadband photonic reflectors, thermally super-insulating aerogels, solar gain regulators, and low-emissivity coatings, with potential applications in windows, roofs, walls, and other components of buildings envelopes. These material developments draw inspiration from advanced energy management found in nature, such as the nanoporous photonic structures that evolved in cuticles of beetles. Fabrication of such materials takes advantage of mesoscale liquid crystalline self-assembly, which allows for pre-designed control of cellulose nanoparticle orientations at the mesoscale. Finally, with the potential fully realized, such materials could one day transform the current energy-lossy buildings into energy plants on Earth and possibly even enable extraterrestrial habitats.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗