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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 541 records · Page 30
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

reV (The Renewable Energy Potential Model - Open Source) [SWR-21-59, SWR-20-20 and SWR-17-34]

The Renewable Energy Potential (reV) model is a platform for the detailed assessment of renewable energy resources and their geospatial intersection with grid infrastructure and land use characteristics. The reV model currently supports photovoltaic (PV), concentrating solar power (CSP), and land-based wind turbine technologies. Modules in the reV framework function at different spatial and temporal resolutions, allowing for the assessment of resource potential, technical potential, and supply curves at varying levels of detail. The platform runs on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL’s) high-performance computing system, providing scalable and efficient performance from a single location up to a continent, for a single year or decades of time-series resource data. Coupled with NREL’s System Advisor Model (SAM), reV supports resource assessments from 5-minute to hourly temporal resolutions and supports the analysis of long-term (i.e., year-on-year) variability of renewable generation (e.g., interannual variability and exceedance probabilities).

Maclaurin, Galen↗
DOE OSTI2024

Environmental DNA Detection in Marine Macrophyte Ecosystems as a Potential Blue Carbon Source in Sediments

“Blue carbon” refers to the carbon sequestered by the world’s oceanic and coastal ecosystems, particularly through coastal vegetation such as mangroves, salt marshes, seagrasses, and marine macroalgae. These ecosystems play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle by serving as significant carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in biomass and sediments over long periods. This study explores the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) to detect marine macrophytes and microalgae assemblages contributing to blue carbon in sediments across various coastal ecosystems. The research addresses the challenges of traditional monitoring methods by utilizing high-throughput sequencing of the 18S-V9 region amplified using eDNA from sediment samples collected at eight locations in the United States and South Korea. The results reveal a diverse array of taxa, underscoring the variability in community composition across different conditions. Notably, sites with seagrass beds and Ulva blooms showed distinct patterns in microalgal community structure. This study underscores the potential of eDNA analysis in providing comprehensive insights into the biodiversity of marine macrophyte ecosystems, thus informing conservation efforts and enhancing the understanding of marine ecological dynamics.

Xing, Qikun (ORCID:0000000206179027)↗
DOE OSTI2020

The staged Z-pinch as a potential fusion energy source

A staged Z-pinch is a fusion concept where a high atomic number liner compresses a fusion fuel (deuterium–deuterium or deuterium–tritium) target. Here, we report new results from Lagrangian, Eulerian, and Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian simulations, which confirm that, with proper treatment of the vacuum region outside from the pinch, fusion energy production >1 MJ can be expected without alpha heating and significantly higher if alpha heating is included. It is shown that shock waves play an important role in preheating the target plasma and in piling up liner mass at the liner/target interface. This results in higher ram pressure just before the pinch stagnation time and ultimately in higher energy density target plasma.

Ruskov, E. (ORCID:0000000336724580)↗
NASA NTRS1988

Regional studies of potential carbon monoxide sources based on Space Shuttle and aircraft measurements

Carbon monoxide measurements made from the Space Shuttle show maxima over South America, central Africa, the eastern Mediterranean, and China. The maxima appear to be associated with either concomitant or prior convection in the air masses which carries boundary layer air into the upper troposphere. Previous aircraft measurements of carbon monoxide and ozone over South America are shown to be consistent with this view. In the tropics the three regions of long-term mean rising motion, which form part of the Walker circulation, are associated with elevated carbon monoxide.

Newell, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Regional studies of potential carbon monoxide sources based on Space Shuttle and aircraft measurements

Carbon monoxide measurements made from the space shuttle show maxima over South America, central Africa, the eastern Mediterranean, and China. The maxima appear to be associated with either concomitant or prior convection in the air masses which carries boundary layer air into the upper troposphere. Previous aircraft measurements of carbon monoxide and ozone over South America are shown to be consistent with this view. In the tropics the three regions of long-term mean rising motion, which form part of the Walker circulation, are associated with elevated carbon monoxide.

Newell, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1996

On the High-Frequency Asymptotic Evaluation of the Potentials of Elemental Sources on an Anisotropic Impedance Cylinder

In an effort to formulate the high-frequency coupling between antennas located on airframes composed of multilayer imperfectly conducting materials a general model was sought which would embody the electromagnetic properties of the layers and would apply over a broader range of separations of the antennas. Such a model is described here. This work is a generalization of the work of Pearson [1986, 1987a] concerning the high-frequency asymptotic representation of the fields of elemental sources diffracted by a multilayer cylinder. In that work the source and field points were located off the cylinder surface, and they were sufficiently separated to permit the effective use of the residue series representation of the spectral integrals involved. Here the source and field points are located on the cylinder surface and are permitted to be sufficiently close as to render the residue series poorly convergent. To obtain a more effective representation in this situation, the cylinder is modeled by an anisotropic impedance cylinder, and the resulting spectral integrals are evaluated by reduction to forms amenable to multiple applications of techniques described in the literature in connection with treatment of axially uniform sources in this context.

Pogorzelski, Ronald J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Exposed high-voltage source effect on the potential of an ionospheric satellite

A pulsed, high-voltage source, which is able to draw a current from the surrounding plasma, is seen to induce large changes in the potential of an ionospheric satellite (the Iowa Plasma Diagnostics Package flown on Space Shuttle flight STS-51F). This, in turn, may affect the operation of other instruments that use the chassis of the satellite as a ground for electrical circuits. The magnitude of the change in satellite potential is dependent upon both the orientation of the high-voltage source, relative to the plasma flow, and the characteristics of the high-voltage source. When the satellite is grounded to the Shuttle Orbiter, this effect is sufficient to change the potential of the Orbiter by a small, but noticeable, amount.

Tribble, A. C.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Detection of in-flight propeller-induced structure-borne noise

A potentially important source of structure-borne interior noise transmission in advanced turboprop aircraft is the impingement of the propeller wake/vortex on downstream aerodynamic surfaces. It can be safely assumed that this potential source of interior noise may well adversely affect achievable interior noise levels unless noise control measures are conscientiously incorporated into the aircraft design. Through the use of a laboratory-based test apparatus, techniques were developed to estimate the level of in-flight structure-borne noise transmission from combined frequency response function ground testing and in-flight structural response measurements. All phases of the procedure were simulated in the laboratory and the expected level of accuracy of the procedure is addressed.

Unruh, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Test procedures for detection of in-flight propeller-induced structure-borne noise

A potentially important source of structure-borne interior noise transmission in advanced turboprop aircraft is the impingement of the propeller wake/vortex on downstream aerodynamic surfaces. It can only be safely assumed that this potential source of interior noise may well hold up achievable interior noise levels unless noise control measures are conscientiously incorporated into the aircraft design. Through the use of a laboratory based test apparatus, techniques were developed to estimate the level of in-flight structure-borne noise transmission from combined frequency response function ground testing and in-flight structural response measurements. All phases of the test procedure were simulated in the laboratory and the expected level of accuracy of the procedure is addressed.

Unruh, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The divergence characteristics of constrained-sheath optics systems for use with 5-eV atomic oxygen sources

The potential usefulness of the constrained sheath optics concept as a means of controlling the divergence of low energy, high current density ion beams is examined numerically and experimentally. Numerical results demonstrate that some control of the divergence of typical ion beamlets can be achieved at perveance levels of interest by contouring the surface of the constrained sheath properly. Experimental results demonstrate that a sheath can be constrained by a wire mesh attached to the screen plate of the ion optics system. The numerically predicted beamlet divergence characteristics are shown to depart from those measured experimentally, and additional numerical analysis is used to demonstrate that this departure is probably due to distortions of the sheath caused by the fact that it attempts to conform to the individual wires that make up the sheath constraining mesh. The concept is considered potentially useful in controlling the divergence of ion beamlets in applications where low divergence, low energy, high current density beamlets are being sought, but more work is required to demonstrate this for net beam ion energies as low as 5 eV.

Anderson, John R.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Tunnel transit-time (TUNNETT) devices for terahertz sources

The potential and capabilities of tunnel transit-time (TUNNETT) devices for power generation in the 100-1000 GHz range are presented. The basic properties of these devices and the important material parameters which determine their properties are discussed and criteria for designing such devices are presented. It is shown from a first-order model that significant amounts of power can be obtained from these devices in the terahertz frequency range.

Haddad, G. I.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Composites for Cryotank Structures. Present and Future: MSFC Perspective

The development of reusable launch vehicle systems for a single stage to orbit vehicle requires vehicles at liftoff with 85% to 94% of its mass consisting exclusively of propellants. These dry mass requirements drive designs to utilize stronger, lighter weight materials for structures. This technology development focus has allowed the introduction of composite materials in lieu of conventional metallic materials due to their higher specific strengths. Composite materials were successfully used for the liquid hydrogen tanks for the DC-XA, and a multi-lobed liquid hydrogen tank will be employed for the X-33. Another potential non-traditional application for composite materials is for liquid oxygen tanks, which is still being investigated. Traditionally, organic materials have been avoided wherever possible, due the potential fire hazard and the fact that composites fail conventional oxygen compatibility requirements. However, the potential weight savings warrant the investigation of the use of polymeric composite materials in oxygen environments. Since composites fail the conventional, time-proven test methods because they are considered flammable by test, we have embarked on an innovative approach to oxygen compatibility testing and evaluation focused on the use environments and attempts to eliminate or "design away" all potential ignition sources. Oxygen compatibility is defined as the ability of a material to coexist with oxygen and potential ignition sources with an acceptable, manageable degree of risk.

Vaughn, Timothy P.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Program for the Increased Participation of Minorities in NASA-Related Research

The goal of this program is to increase the participation of minorities in NASA related research and "Science for the Nation s Interest". Collaborative research projects will be developed involving NASA-MSFC, National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC), other government agencies, industries and minority serving institutions (MSIs). The primary focus for the MSIs will be on Alabama A&M University and Tuskegee University, which are in partnership with the NSSTC. These schools have excellent Ph.D. programs in physics and materials science and engineering, respectively. The first phase of this program will be carried out at Alabama A&M University in the "Research and Development Office" in collaboration with Dr. Dorothy Huston, Vice President of Research and Development. The development assignment will be carried out at the NSSTC with Sandy Coleman/ RS01 and this will primarily involve working with Tuskegee University.A portion of the program will be devoted to identifying and contacting potential funding sources for use in establishing collaborative research projects between NASA-MSFC, other government agencies, NSSTC, industries, and MSIs. These potential funding sources include the National Science Foundation (NSF), National Institute of Health (NIH), Department of Defense (DOD), Army, Navy, and Air Force. Collaborative research projects will be written mostly in the following research areas: a. Cosmic radiation shielding materials b. Advanced propulsion material c. Biomedical materials and biosensors d. In situ resource utilization e. Photonics for NASA applications

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1991

A tunable mid-infrared laser source for remote sensing

Many remote sensing needs can be effectively addressed with a tunable laser source in the mid infrared. One potential laser source is an optical parametric oscillator and amplifier system pumped by a near infrared solid state laser. Advantages of such a system and progress made at NASA Langley Research Center to date on such a system are described.

Barnes, Norman P.↗