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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 559 records · Page 31
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Synthesis, structure and properties of zinc(II) coordination polymers with 9H-carbazole-2,7-dicarboxylic acid

From a new dicarboxylate ligand, 9H-carbazole-2,7-dicarboxylic acid (2,7-H{sub 2}CDC), three Zn(II) metal-organic frameworks were synthesized in the absence or presence of ditopic N-donor ligands. They are formulated as [Zn{sub 5}(μ{sub 3}-OH){sub 2}(2,7-CDC){sub 4}(DEF){sub 2}] (1) (DEF=N,N-diethylformamide), [Zn{sub 2}(2,7-CDC){sub 2}(DABCO)(H{sub 2}O)]·5DMF·H{sub 2}O (2) (DABCO=1-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide), and [Zn{sub 2}(2,7-CDC){sub 2}(bpea)]·3DMA·2 H{sub 2}O (3) (bpea=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylane, DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide). Compounds 1 and 3 display the 3D pcu frameworks. In 1 the unusual pentanuclear [Zn{sub 5}(μ{sub 3}-OH){sub 2}(COO){sub 8}] secondary building units (SBUs) are linked by dicarboxylate ligands. Differently, in 3 the well-known paddle–wheel [Zn{sub 2}(COO){sub 4}] SBUs are linked by dicarboxylate and dipyridyl ligands. Compound 2 shows the rare self-catenated 3D alb-3,6-C2/c net topology based on the dinuclear paddle–wheel SBU and a mononuclear unit. The stability and fluorescent properties of the compounds have been studied. - Graphical abstract: A new dicarboxylate ligand, 9H-carbazole-2,7-dicarboxylic acid, was used to construct Zn(II) metal-organic frameworks, including a novel self-catenated network with the rare 3D alb-3,6-C2/c net and two pcu-type networks based on an unprecedented pentanuclear clusters and the common paddle–wheel units. The compounds show blue fluorescent properties. Display Omitted - Highlights: • MOFs with a new carbazole-based dicarboxylate ligand. • New pentanuclear [Zn{sub 5}(μ{sub 3}-OH){sub 2}(COO){sub 8}] secondary building unit. • The rare self-catenated 3D alb-3,6-C2/c net.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Structural variation from heterometallic cluster-based 1D chain to heterometallic tetranuclear cluster: Syntheses, structures and magnetic properties

Using the solvothermal method, we present the comparative preparation of ([Co{sub 3}Na(dmaep){sub 3}(ehbd)(N{sub 3}){sub 3}]·DMF){sub n} (1) and [Co{sub 2}Na{sub 2}(hmbd){sub 4}(N{sub 3}){sub 2}(DMF){sub 2}] (2), where Hehbd is 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, Hhmbd is 3-methoxy-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, and Hdmaep is 2-dimethylaminomethyl-6-ethoxy-phenol, which was synthesized by an in-situ reaction. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Complex 1 is a novel heterometallic cluster-based 1-D chain and 2 is a heterometallic tetranuclear cluster. The (Co{sub 3}{sup II}Na) and (Co{sub 2}{sup II}Na{sub 2}) cores display dominant ferromagnetic interaction from the nature of the binding modes through μ{sub 1,1,1}-N{sub 3}{sup –} (end-on, EO). - Graphical abstract: Two novel cobalt complexes have been prepared. Compound 1 consists of tetranuclear (Co{sub 3}{sup II}Na) units, which further formed a 1-D chain. Compound 2 is heterometallic tetranuclear cluster. Two complexes display dominant ferromagnetic interaction. - Highlights: • Two new heterometallic complexes have been synthesized by solvothermal method. • The stereospecific blockade of the ligands in the synthesis system seems to be the most important synthetic parameter. • The magnetism studies show that 1 and 2 exhibit ferromagnetic interactions. • Complex 1 shows slowing down of magnetization and not blocking of magnetization.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Pore surface engineering in a zirconium metal–organic framework via thiol-ene reaction

A porous olefin-functionalized Zr(IV)-based metal–organic framework, denoted as UiO-68-allyl, has been constructed. Our results clearly demonstrated that the surface of UiO-68-allyl could be decorated with organic molecule (ethanethiol) via thiol-ene reaction. More importantly, the crystallinity of the framework were maintained during the post-synthetic modification process. However, the microporosity of the framework is retained but the surface area decreased, due to the grafting of ethylthio groups into the pores. From our studies, we can conclude that the strategy of post-synthetic modification of UiO-68-allyl via thiol-ene reaction may be general. Furthermore, we may anchor other desired functional group onto the pore walls in Zr-MOFs via thiol-ene reaction, enabling more potential applications. - graphical abstract: In this manuscript, we reported the post-synthetic modification of an olefin-functionalized Zr(IV)-based metal–organic framework via thiol-ene reaction. - Highlights: • A porous olefin-functionalized Zr(IV)-based metal–organic framework has been constructed. • The surface of olefin-functionalized Zr-MOF could be decorated with organic molecules via thiol-ene reaction. • The crystallinity and permanent porosity of the framework were maintained during the post-synthetic modification process.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

A set of alkali and alkaline-earth coordination polymers based on the ligand 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl) acetic acid: Effects the radius of metal ions on structures and properties

Four new metal coordination complexes, namely, [Na(BTA)]{sub n} (1), [K{sub 2}(BTA){sub 2}(μ{sub 2}-H{sub 2}O)]{sub n} (2), and [M(BTA){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}]{sub n} (M=Ca(II) and Sr(II) for 3 and 4, respectively) [BTA=2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl) acetic anion], have been obtained under hydrothermal condition, by reacting the different alkali and alkaline-earth metal hydroxides with HBTA. Complexes 1–4 were structurally characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, EA, IR, PXRD, and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). These complexes display low-dimensional features displaying various two-dimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1D) coordination motifs. Complex 1 displays a 2D layer with the thickness of 1.5 nm and possesses a topologic structure of a 11 nodal net with Schläfli symbol of (3{sup 18}). Complex 2 also shows a thick 2D sheet and its topologic structure is a 9 nodes with Schläfli symbol of (3{sup 11}×4{sup 2}). Complexes 3 and 4 possess a 1D linear chain and further stack via hydrogen bonding interactions to generate a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. These results suggest that both the coordination preferences of the metal ions and the versatile nature of this flexible ligand play a critical role in the final structures. The luminescent spectra show strong emission intensities in complexes 1–4, which display violet photoluminescence. Additionally, ferroelectric, dielectric and nonlinear optic (NLO) second-harmonic generation (SHG) properties of 2 are discussed in detail. - Graphical abstract: A set of alkali and alkaline-earth metal coordination polymers were hydrothermally synthesized by 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)acetic acid, displaying interesting topologic motifs from two-dimension to one-dimension and specific physical properties. - Highlights: • Alkali and alkaline-earth metal coordination polymers have been obtained. • The ligand 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)acetic acid has been adopted. • The two-dimensional and one-dimensional structures have been observed. • The properties of second harmonic generation and ferroelectricity for complex 2.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Syntheses, structures and magnetic properties of four coordination polymers based on nitrobenzene dicarboxylate and various N-donor coligands

Four new coordination polymers ([Ni(4-Nbdc)(bpa)(H{sub 2}O)]){sub n} (1), ([Co(4-Nbdc)(bpp) (H{sub 2}O)]){sub n} (2), ([Ni(4-Nbdc)(bpp)(H{sub 2}O)]·H{sub 2}O){sub n} (3), and ([Mn{sub 2}(3-Nbdc){sub 2}(bib){sub 3}]·2H{sub 2}O){sub n} (4) (4-Nbdc=4-nitrobenzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, 3-Nbdc=3-nitrobenzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, bpa=1,2-bi(4-pyridyl)ethane, bpp=1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane, and bib=1,4-bis(1-imidazoly)benzene), were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffractions, elemental analysis, FT-IR, PXRD, TGA and magnetic analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 display quasi-trapezoidal chain and brick-wall layer, and both of them contain metal–carboxylate binuclear units. Complexes 3 and 4 exhibit three-dimensional frameworks with the (6{sup 6}) dia topology and (4{sup 4}.6{sup 10}.8)(4{sup 4}.6{sup 2}) fsc topology, and both of them contain metal–carboxylate chains. The carboxyl groups with syn-anti coordination mode mediate effectively the weak ferromagnetic coupling interaction within Ni(II)–carboxylate binuclear in 1 (J=1.27 cm{sup −1}) and Ni(II)–carboxylate chain in 3 (J=1.44 cm{sup −1}), respectively, and the carboxyl groups with anti-anti coordination mode leads to the classic antiferromagnetic coupling interaction within Mn(II)–carboxylate chain in 4 (J=−0.77 cm{sup −1}). - Highlights: • Four novel coordination polymers were hydrothermally synthesized. • 1 is 1D quasi-trapezoidal chain and 2 is brick-wall layer both with dinuclear units. • 3 and 4 show 3D frameworks both with 1D metal–carboxylate chains. • 1 and 3 exhibit ferromagnetic coupling, while 4 shows antiferromagnetic coupling.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Room temperature syntheses, crystal structures and properties of two new heterometallic polymers based on 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde ligand

Two new heterometallic coordination polymers [ZnNa(ehbd){sub 2}(N{sub 3})]{sub n} (1) and [Cu{sub 3}Na{sub 2}(ehbd){sub 2}(N{sub 3}){sub 6}]{sub n} (2) (Hehbd is 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) have been synthesized under room temperature and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, showing a one-dimensional (1-D) chain. Complex 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pī, constructing a heterometallic 2D layer structure. Luminescent properties and magnetic properties have been studied for 1 and 2, respectively and the fluorescence quantum yield of 1 is 0.077. - Highlights: • Two novel complexes 1 and 2 have been synthesized. • Complex 1 represents a novel qualitative change of luminescence property. • Complex 2 displays ferromagnetic interaction through symmetric μ{sub 1,1}–N{sub 3} bridges. • Complex 2 displays anti-ferromagnetic interaction through asymmetric μ{sub 1,1}–N{sub 3} bridges.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Four unexpected lanthanide coordination polymers involving in situ reaction of solvent N, N-Dimethylformamide

Four unexpected 2D lanthanide coordination polymers have been synthesized through in situ reactions of DMF solvent under solvothermal conditions. The isostructural complexes 1–3 contain four types of 2{sub 1} helical chains. While the Nd(III) ions are bridged through μ{sub 2}-HIDC{sup 2−} and oxalate to form a 2D sheet along the bc plane without helical character in 4. Therefore, complex 1 exhibits bright red solid-state phosphorescence upon exposure to UV radiation at room temperature. - Graphical abstract: Four unexpected 2D lanthanide coordination polymers have been synthesized through in situ reactions of solvent DMF to formate acid or oxalic acid under solvothermal conditions. The isostructural complexes 1–3 contain four types of different 2{sub 1} helical chains in the 2D layer and 1 exhibits bright red solid-state phosphorescence upon UV radiation. - Highlights: • Four unexpected 2D lanthanide coordination compounds have been synthesized through in situ reactions under solvothermal conditions. • The complexes 1–3 contain four types of 2{sub 1} helical chains in the layer. • Complex 1 exhibits bright red solid-state phosphorescence upon exposure to UV radiation at room temperature.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Novel bipyridinyl oxadiazole-based metal coordination complexes: High efficient and green synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones through the Biginelli reactions

Three new metal coordination complexes, namely, [Co(BPO){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4}](BS){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2} (1), [Co(BPO){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4}](ABS){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2} (2), [Co(BPO){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4}](MBS){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2} (3) [BPO=2,5-di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, BS=benzenesulphonate, ABS=4-aminobenzenesulphonate, MBS=4-methylbenzenesulphonate] were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Complexes 1–3 were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, IR and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). All of them display a zero-dimensional motif, in which strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions (O–H···O/N) and packing interactions (C–H···π and π···π) make them achieve a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. The primary catalytic results of these three complexes show that high efficiency for the green synthesis of a variety of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones was observed under solvent free conditions through Biginelli reactions. The present catalytic protocols exhibit advantages such as excellent yield, easy isolation, eco-friendly conditions, and short reaction time. - Graphical abstract: Three new metal coordination complexes with bipyridinyl-oxadiazole were obtained under hydrothermal conditions, which display a zero-dimensional motif, and show high efficiency for the green synthesis of a variety of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under solvent free conditions through Biginelli reactions. The present catalytic protocols exhibit advantages such as excellent yield, easy isolation, eco-friendly conditions, and short reaction time. Display Omitted.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

BODIPY modified g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} as a highly efficient photocatalyst for degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation

Highlights: • Post modification strategy to reduce the residual amine on the g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} frameworks through Schiff base reaction using BODIPY derivatives was adopted. • Reinforced visible light absorption and depressed carrier recombination were seen in the post modified photocatalysts. • Photocatalytic performance of modified photocatalysts were strengthened by more than 3.5 times than the pure g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}. - Abstract: Developing new energy resource as well as efficient treatment strategies to solve the energy crisis and organic pollutants problems is of crucial importance. Due to medium band gap and highly thermal stability, doped or chemically functionallized graphitic carbon nitride (g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}) has been envisioned as promising photocatalysts in processing organic pollutants. In this work, we use 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) chemically modified g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} to degrade Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm). When the modified weight ratio of BODIPY in g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} reaches 0.6% (CN-0.6), the photocatalytic performance is nearly 3.5 times fast than that of without modification (CN-0). Enhanced visible light absorption and depressed electron-hole recombination rate may take responsibilities for the enhanced photocalytic performance. A possible mechanism responsible for this photocatalytic process is proposed. Our work might provide a new strategy to develop valid photocatalysts with broad visible light absorption.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Crystal structure, magnetic properties and bonding analysis of M 3 Pt 23 Ge 11 (M=Ca, Sr, Ba and Eu)

The properties of Pt-based materials can be intriguing due to the importance of spin-orbit coupling for Pt. Herein, we report four new phases with formulas M 3 Pt 23 Ge 11 (M ​= ​Ca, Sr, Ba and Eu), which adopt the same structure type as Ce3Pt23Si11. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that none of the phases is superconducting above 1.8 ​K, while for Eu 3 Pt 23 Ge 11 ferromagnetic ordering is observed at ~ 3 ​K. The low Curie temperature for that material compared to that of Eu 3 Pt 23 Si 11 may be due to its larger Eu–Eu distance. One potential factor that destabilizes the structure of other rare-earth based M 3 Pt 23 Ge 11 is demonstrated through COHP calculations.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Structure and properties of the Sr 2 In 1-x Sn x SbO 6 double perovskite

A series of n -type oxide double perovskite semiconductors, Sr 2 In 1-x Sn x SbO 6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) has been synthesized; Sn 4+ partially substitutes for In 3+ . 121 Sb and 119 Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy are employed to investigate the B-site cation ordering because this issue cannot be resolved by conventional diffraction techniques alone. Rigid ordering between In 3+ /Sn 4+ and Sb 5+ sites is revealed by the spectroscopic method, and hence in combination with the structural parameters extracted from the XRD structural refinements, the crystallographic structure of this series of compounds is depicted. Furthermore, the temperature dependent magnetic susceptibilities, band gaps, and carrier type are characterized, and the calculated band structure is presented.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Microstructural characteristics of adiabatic shear localization in a metastable beta titanium alloy deformed at high strain rate and elevated temperatures

The microstructural evolution and grain refinement within adiabatic shear bands in the Ti6554 alloy deformed at high strain rates and elevated temperatures have been characterized using transmission electron microscopy. No stress drops were observed in the corresponding stress–strain curve, indicating that the initiation of adiabatic shear bands does not lead to the loss of load capacity for the Ti6554 alloy. The outer region of the shear bands mainly consists of cell structures bounded by dislocation clusters. Equiaxed subgrains in the core area of the shear band can be evolved from the subdivision of cell structures or reconstruction and transverse segmentation of dislocation clusters. It is proposed that dislocation activity dominates the grain refinement process. The rotational recrystallization mechanism may operate as the kinetic requirements for it are fulfilled. The coexistence of different substructures across the shear bands implies that the microstructural evolution inside the shear bands is not homogeneous and different grain refinement mechanisms may operate simultaneously to refine the structure. - Graphical abstract: Display Omitted - Highlights: • The microstructure within the adiabatic shear band was characterized by TEM. • No stress drops were observed in the corresponding stress–strain curve. • Dislocation activity dominated the grain refinement process. • The kinetic requirements for rotational recrystallization mechanism were fulfilled. • Different grain refinement mechanisms operated simultaneously to refine the structure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

A facile liquid phase exfoliation method to prepare graphene sheets with different sizes expandable graphite

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • This study presented a novel method for the production of high-quality graphene sheets through the exfoliation of Li-intercalated EG with sonication. • The quality of the graphene sheets produced from different sizes EG was compared for the first time and the formation mechanism was discussed. • The graphene sheets obtained from the small size EG have less layers than the large size EG. - Abstract: In this work, graphene sheets suspension were synthesized directly from expandable graphite (EG) via an intercalation and exfoliation pathway using n-butyl lithium as the intercalating agent, water and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the exfoliating agent. The quality of the graphene sheets produced from different sizes EG was compared and the formation mechanism was discussed. The formation of the graphene sheets and its formation mechanism were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Raman spectroscopy measurement, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The graphene sheets obtained from the small size EG have less layers than the large size EG.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

The influence of α-FeOOH/rGO hybrids on the improved thermal stability and smoke suppression properties in polystyrene

Highlights: • In this paper, α-FeOOH/rGO hybrids had been prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. • The addition of the α-FeOOH/rGO hybrids showed a significant effect on the thermal stability and smoke suppression properties of PS composites. • Graphene can be employed to improve the smoke suppression properties of polymer and further extended the application of graphene. - Abstract: In this work, α-FeOOH/rGO hybrids were firstly prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results indicated that α-FeOOH nanoparticles were dispersed uniformly on the surface of graphene nanosheets. Subsequently, the α-FeOOH/rGO hybrids were incorporated into polystyrene (PS) matrix for the improvement of the thermal stability and smoke suppression properties. It was found that the thermal stability of PS nanocomposite was obviously enhanced upon the introduction of 2.0 wt% α-FeOOH/rGO hybrids. Furthermore, the addition of α-FeOOH/rGO hybrids could improve the smoke suppression properties of PS nanocomposites, as evidenced by the dramatical reduction of carbon monoxide production rate, total smoke release and total smoke production. The total flammable gaseous products from the PS nanocomposites were decreased which further led to the inhibition of smoke. Such a significant improvement in thermal stability and smoke suppression properties was mainly attributed to the physical barrier effect of graphene nanosheets and the catalytic carbonization function of α-FeOOH nanoparticles.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗