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DOE OSTI2019

Simulating bubble dynamics in a buoyant system

Summary Multiphase flows are critical components of many physical systems; however, numerical models of multiphase flows with large parameter gradients can be challenging. Here, two different numerical methods, volume of fluid (VOF) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), are used to model the buoyant rise of isolated gas bubbles through quiescent fluids for a range of Bond and Reynolds numbers. The VOF is an Eulerian grid–based method, whereas the SPH is Lagrangian and mesh free. Each method has unique strengths and weaknesses, and a comparison of the two approaches as applied to multiphase phenomena has not previously been performed. The VOF and SPH simulations are compared, verified, and validated. Results using two‐dimensional VOF and SPH simulations are similar to each other and are able to reproduce numerical benchmarks and experimental results for sufficiently large Morton and Reynolds numbers. It is also shown that at low Reynolds numbers, the two methods, SPH and VOF, diverge in the transient regime of the bubble rise. Regimes that require simulations capable of representing three‐dimensional drag are identified as well as regimes in which results from VOF and SPH diverge.

Arai, Erin↗

DOE OSTI2019

Abdominal manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a series of 333 patients over 15 years

Purpose: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant multi-organ vascular disorder that commonly affects the gastrointestinal tract and the liver resulting in telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Previous studies looking at the prevalence of liver and abdominal organ involvement in HHT have been limited by differing imaging techniques and sample size limitations. We sought to define the prevalence of HHT related abdominal vascular abnormalities using optimized multiphasic contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) exams in a large cohort of HHT patients. Methods: Between January 2001 and May 2015; we identified a total of 333 consecutive HHT patients who had undergone a dedicated HHT protocol multiphase abdominal CT at our institution. The CT exams were reviewed by three board certified abdominal radiologists for the presence of vascular abnormalities involving the liver, pancreas, spleen, and other abdominal organs. Vascular abnormalities involving the liver were further categorized as telangiectasias, large confluent vascular masses, perfusion abnormalities, or hepatic shunts. Results: In patients with abdominal vascular abnormalities, the liver was the most commonly involved organ, with 180 out of 333 (54.1%) patients demonstrating at least one hepatic vascular abnormality (telangiectasia, confluent vascular mass, transient perfusion abnormalities, and hepatic shunts), with most (70.0%) demonstrating multiple hepatic vascular abnormalities. The other most common organs involved included the pancreas (18.0%), spleen (6.3%), and small bowel (4.5%). Conclusion: In patients with the clinical diagnosis of HHT, greater than half demonstrate an abdominal vascular abnormality, with the most commonly involved organ being the liver. These may be under recognized on routine or single phase contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen. This supports the use of optimized multiphasic abdominal CT exams as an important tool for the evaluation and screening of patients with HHT.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗

DOE OSTI2023

Cost-constrained adaptive simulations of transient spray combustion in a gas turbine combustor

Predictive high-fidelity simulations of turbulent spray combustion must capture the combined effects of complex chemistry, multiphase evaporating flow and spray-flame interactions to achieve physical accuracy. Finite-rate chemistry (FRC) combined with a realistic chemical mechanism is a combustion model well-suited for this purpose, but has a high computational cost due to the large number and stiffness of transported chemical species. In contrast, flamelet-based models achieve lower cost by transporting a small number of quantities of reduced stiffness, but assumptions regarding local flame topology, boundary conditions and inter-phase coupling limit their physical accuracy. Recently, the Pareto-efficient combustion (PEC) framework was developed to dynamically assign combustion models based on local cost and accuracy metrics in gas-phase reacting flows. In this work, we extend this PEC framework to spray combustion through the rigorous analysis of the multiphase coupling terms in the governing equations. The derivation shows that spray evaporation causes errors in the prediction of species mass fractions for flamelet-based models due to the sensitivity of the local thermo-chemical state to changes in composition caused by fuel vaporization across combustion regimes present in practical spray combustion devices. Sub-model assignment is formulated as a multiple-choice knapsack problem, where computational cost is directly controlled through the fraction of the domain assigned to the FRC sub-model. The extended PEC formulation is applied to the simulation of a realistic rich-quench-lean gas turbine combustor at steady-state conditions, as well as transient operation resulting in lean blow-out (LBO). Analysis of transient simulations during LBO demonstrates the extended PEC formulation’s capacity to dynamically adapt to changing conditions within the combustor. Transient combustor dynamics are shown to approach convergence with limited increases in computational cost, while retaining substantial computational cost reduction compared to monolithic FRC simulations. Through PEC simulations with increasing fractions of the domain assigned to FRC, monolithic flamelet simulations are shown to over-predict flame stability during LBO. Finally, the extended PEC formulation is thus shown to overcome deficiencies of monolithic models by controlling modeling error for multiphase combustion modeling.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Relative permeability of gas and water flow in hydrate-bearing porous media: A micro-scale study by lattice Boltzmann simulation

The water-gas relative permeability is an important parameter to characterize multiphase flow in sediments. To study the water-gas relative permeability of hydrate-bearing porous media, multiphase flow simulations were carried out at the pore scale using the lattice Boltzmann method. In this work, the effects of hydrate saturation and hydrate-growth habits on the water-gas relative permeability, which is scaled by the relative permeability considering the hydrate only, were evaluated in a two-dimensional porous medium. Results show that the increase of hydrate saturation causes the decrease of water-gas effective permeability as expected. However, the effect of hydrate saturation on the water-gas relative permeability is different from that of hydrate saturation on the water-gas effective permeability. The water-gas relative permeability increases with the increase of hydrate saturation in the pore-filling case. The water-gas relative permeability decreases with the increase of hydrate saturation in the grain-coating case. The wettability of solid phase has a different effect on the relative permeability of wetting phase and nonwetting phase. The Jamin effect (phase blocking) was observed and may exist in the production of gas from natural gas hydrate reservoirs. This seriously affects the multiphase flow characteristics. The changes of microscale fluid distribution effect the changes of water-gas relative permeability. The relationship between the water-gas relative permeability and the characterization parameters of microscale fluid distribution was analyzed.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2020

Deep learning interfacial momentum closures in coarse-mesh CFD two-phase flow simulation using validation data

Multiphase flow phenomena have been widely observed in the industrial applications while it remains a challenging yet unsolved problems. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches resolve the flow fields on a finer special and temporal scales which can complement the dedicated experimental study. However, closures have to be introduced to reflect the underlying physics in multiphase flow. Among them, the interfacial forces, including drag, lift, turbulent dispersion and wall lubrication forces, play in important role on the bubble’s distribution and migration in liquid-vapor two-phase flow. Development of those closures traditionally rely on the experimental data and analytical derivation with simplified assumptions which usually cannot deliver a universal solution across wide range of flow conditions. In this paper, a data-driven approach, named as Feature Similarity Measurement (FSM), is developed and applied to improve the simulation capability of two-phase flow with coarse-mesh CFD approach. Interfacial momentum transfer in adiabatic bubbly flow serves as the focus of the present study. Both a mature and a simplified set of interfacial closures are taken as the low fidelity data. Experimental data and fine mesh CFD simulations results are adopted as high-fidelity data. Qualitative and quantitative analysis are performed in this paper which reveals that FSM can substantially improve the prediction of coarse mesh CFD model regardless of the choice of interfacial closures and it provides scalability and consistency across discontinuous flow regimes. Furthermore, it demonstrates that data-driven method can aid the multiphase flow modeling by exploring the connections between local physical features and simulation errors.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2022

Leakoff assessment of nanoparticle-stabilized CO 2 foams for fracturing applications

The leakoff of multiphase systems through porous media is a complicated process. In this study, we have designed an experimental setup that is used to assess the leakoff of the liquid and gas phase under pressurized conditions. The novelty of this study is that while most previous studies utilized fluid/gas in the aqueous phase, nanoparticles are introduced in this study, which formed a solid/fluid/gas multiphase system to boost foam performance and reduce leakoff. In the parametric experimental analysis, the effects of foam quality, core permeability, surfactant concentration, and polymer concentration on the dynamic and static leakoff rates of liquid and gas are evaluated. It was found that core permeability affects the leakoff of foam the most with a leakoff coefficient of up to 1.37015 $ft/\sqrt{min}$ for gas and up to 0.1056 $ft/\sqrt{min}$ for liquid under the experiment settings herein. The leakoff rate of gas is generally several magnitudes higher than that of the liquid. When CO 2 gas is present in the foam, the leakoff coefficient falls in the range between 0 and 1.37015 $ft/\sqrt{min}$ for gas, and between 0.0005 and 0.1056 $ft/\sqrt{min}$ for liquid. Finally, the methodology and results of this study shed light on the mechanistic understanding of the leakoff properties of multiphase systems and could be used to assist the design of foam fracturing for reservoir stimulation.

03 NATURAL GAS↗

DOE OSTI2021

In-situ TEM observation of shear induced microstructure evolution in Cu-Nb alloy

Phase boundaries in multiphase alloys govern defect interaction and chemical intermixing across different phases during plastic deformation. Dynamic interaction of defects with phase boundaries in multiphase alloys, especially for immiscible alloys, has been topic of significant research interest in recent years. In this work, we describe a novel approach for carrying out in-situ TEM shear deformation to directly observe interfacial microstructural evolution of a Cu-Nb alloy. A unique double shear specimen geometry is microfabricated by a focused ion beam technique to apply shear deformation upon push loading inside the TEM. From the real-time observation, we discover that the phase boundary with a zigzag morphology effectively blocks stacking faults nucleated in a Cu grain from slipping into a Nb grain. Meanwhile, the Cu phase bears the most plastic deformation through slip or twinning mechanisms. This work sheds light on understanding the shear deformation and the behavior of phase boundaries in multiphase alloys during shear deformation.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2021

Investigation of post-injection strategies for diesel engine Catalyst Heating Operation using a vapor-liquid-equilibrium-based spray model

Most multidimensional engine simulations spend much time solving for non-equilibrium spray dynamics (atomization, collision, vaporization). However, their accuracy is limited by significant grid dependency, and the need for extensive calibration. This is critical for modeling cold-start diesel fuel post injections, which occur at low temperatures and pressures, far from typical model validation ranges. At the same time, resolving micron-scale spray phenomena would render full Eulerian multiphase calculations prohibitive. In this study, an improved phase equilibrium based approach was implemented and assessed for simulating diesel catalyst heating operation strategies. A phase equilibrium solver based on the model by Yue and Reitz [1] was implemented: a fully multiphase CFD solver is employed with an engineering-size engine grid, and fuel injection is modeled using the standard Lagrangian parcels approach. Mass and energy from the liquid parcels are released to the Eulerian multiphase mixture according to an equilibrium-based liquid jet model. An improved phase equilibrium solver was developed to handle large real-gas mixtures such as those from accurate chemical kinetics mechanisms. The liquid-jet model was improved such that momentum transfer to the Eulerian solver better reproduces the physical spray jet structure. Validation of liquid/vapor penetration predictions showed that the model yields accurate results with very limited tuning and low sensitivity to the few calibration constants. In-cylinder simulations of diesel catalyst heating operation strategies showed that capturing spray structure is paramount when short, transient injection pulses and low temperatures are present. Furthermore, the EP model provides improved predictions of post-injection spray structure and ignitability, while conventional spray modeling does not capture the increase of liquid penetration during the expansion stroke. Finally, the only important EP model calibration constant, Cliq, does not affect momentum transfer, but it changes the local charge cooling distribution through the local energy transfer, which makes it candidate to additional research. The results confirm that non-equilibrium spray processes do not need to be resolved in engineering simulations of high-pressure diesel sprays.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2020

Development and validation of the cavitation-induced erosion risk assessment tool

This work presents the development of a cavitation-induced erosion risk assessment (CIERA) tool that links multiphase flow simulation predictions with the progress towards material erosion. To develop a robust erosion modeling tool, the cavitation and erosion predictions for pressurized diesel fuel flow within a channel geometry were validated over a range of Reynolds and cavitation number conditions in two different aluminum channel geometries, one featuring a rounded inlet corner and the other with a sharp inlet corner. The multiphase flow development within the channel was modeled using a compressible mixture model, where phase change was represented with the homogeneous relaxation model and the turbulent flow evolution was modeled using a dynamic structure approach for Large Eddy Simulations. To improve representation of the incubation period before material rupture over existing approaches, a physics-based metric was derived based on the cumulative energy absorbed by the solid material from repeated hydrodynamic impacts. When the average peak pressure was related to the incubation period, the incubation period and its sensitivity to changes in flow conditions were found to be overpredicted. In contrast, predictions from CIERA provided a more accurate means to qualitatively and quantitatively predict the influence of flow conditions on the incubation period before material erosion. When the predicted stored energy was related to the solid material properties to estimate the incubation period, multiphase flow simulations demonstrated accurate representation of the sensitivity of erosion severity to changes in flow conditions. The use of CIERA led to quantitative agreement of the predicted incubation period within 5% of the experimentally measured incubation period.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2019

The Role of Disjoining Pressure and Thermal Activation in the Invasion of Droplets into Nanopores

Multiphase transport at a nanoscale level plays a key role in applications including drying of nanoporous materials and gas/oil recovery from low permeability rocks. A frequently encountered scenario in multiphase transport is the presence of droplets near nanopores. Whether droplets invade the nanopores or become trapped at their entrance greatly affects the operation of engineered systems. Here we analyze the free energy profile of nanometer-sized droplets entering the nanopore and how the profile is affected by the pressure difference and the size of the droplet and the nanopore. We show that, for nanopores whose surface is fully wetted by water but not the droplet, a droplet larger than the pore diameter must overcome a higher free energy barrier than that predicted by classical theories due to the large disjoining pressure. For smaller nanodroplets, the threshold pressure for their invasion into a given nanopore can be lowered by thermal activation. When a droplet is slightly narrower than a pore, and thus is often assumed to enter the pore freely, a large energy barrier for droplet entry can actually exist. The droplet cannot easily enter the pore even with hydrodynamic drag by moving fluids. Entering the pore through Brownian motion is possible, and the mean entry time depends sensitively on the pore size and can reach seconds or even longer. These findings provide molecular insights on the invasion of droplets into nanopores and lay foundations for large-scale modeling of multiphase nanofluidic transport.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2019

Reconfigurable Multicompartment Emulsion Drops Formed by Nematic Liquid Crystals and Immiscible Perfluorocarbon Oils

Liquid crystalline (LC) oils provide the basis of stimuli-responsive LC-in-water emulsions. Although past studies have explored the properties of single-phase LC emulsions, few studies have focused on complex multicompartment emulsions containing co-existing isotropic and LC domains. In this paper, we report a study of multiphase emulsions using LCs and immiscible perfluoroalkanes dispersed in water or glycerol (the latter continuous phase is used to enable characterization). We found that the nematogen 4'-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB) anchors homeotropically (perpendicularly) and weakly at liquid perfluorononane (F9) interfaces, consistent with the smectic layering of 5CB molecules. The proposed role of smectic layering is supported by experiments performed with 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile, a nematogen that possesses a cyclohexyl group that frustrates the smectic packing and leads to tilted orientations at the F9 interface. By employing perfluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants in combination with multiphase 5CB and F9 emulsion droplets dispersed in a continuous water or glycerol phase, we observe a range of emulsion droplet morphologies to form, including core–shell and Janus structures, with internal organizations that reflect an interplay of interfacial (anchoring energies; F9 and glycerol) and elastic energies within the confines of the geometry of the emulsion droplet. By comparing experimental observations to simulations of the LC–perfluorocarbon droplets based on a Landau-de Gennes model of the free energy, we place bounds on the orientation-dependent interfacial energies that underlie the internal ordering of these complex emulsions. Additionally, by forming core–shells emulsion droplets from 5CB (shell) and perfluoroheptane (cores), we demonstrate how a liquid-to-vapor phase transition in the perfluorocarbon core can be used to actuate the droplet and rapidly thin the nematic shell. Overall, the findingss reported in this paper demonstrate that multiphase LC emulsions formed from mixtures of perfluoroalkanes and LCs provide new opportunities to engineer hierarchical and stimuli-responsive emulsion systems.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2025

Three and Two Phase Rotating Field Inductive Couplers for Wireless Power Transfer with One Phase per Layer Windings

Multiphase inductive wireless charging coils have been proposed recently to improve coupler surface power density, reduce component stress and size, and provide near-constant power delivery to charge mobile electric systems. Several aspects for the fundamental characterization of multiphase coils are explored up to six phases including approximate mutual inductance with size and turn variation, induced voltage, and output power estimation. The relative component stress and size of passive components for resonant operation are compared between the multiphase variants. A combination of an experimentally validated 3D electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) and power electronic co-simulations are used to validate the estimated quantities approximated with a mixture of analytical equations and an artificial neural network model for mutual inductance. A novel three-phase transmitter, two-phase receiver coil pair is also proposed for electric vehicle charging to reduce the number of connections and compensation complexity on the vehicle-side with improved power output compared to a two-phase configuration.

Lewis, Donovin D. [University of Kentucky]↗

DOE OSTI2024

Probing Thermal Transport in Fluidized Bed Using Modulated Photothermal Radiometry

Abstract In concentrated solar power (CSP) applications, fluidized bed is a promising approach for high heat transfer coefficient (HTC) solar receivers and heat exchangers. However, the complexity of multiphase mixing has made it difficult to characterize and analyze the heat transfer mechanism. This paper presents an experimental study on simultaneously characterizing heat transfer in both the near-wall and the bulk regions of a fluidized bed using modulated photothermal radiometry (MPR). The MPR is a non-contact frequency-domain technique using an intensity-modulated laser as the heat source and surface infrared emission as thermometry. The thermal penetration depth of the laser heating is varied by controlling its modulation frequency, and thus the measurement can resolve the near-wall and the bulk thermal resistances. With the MPR technique, we measured fluidized silica sands with a mean size of 164 μm in a vertical channel of 6 mm depth. Our results show that the near-wall thermal resistance is substantially increased with increasing gas velocity, which partially offsets the benefit of higher HTC brought by stronger particle mixing during the fluidization. We also used the MPR to quantify the improvement in particle-wall heat transfer in an inclined channel. We found that an 8° inclination towards the heat exchanging side led to a lower near-wall thermal resistance and a higher HTC at high gas velocities. This work demonstrates that the MPR technique is a useful tool to quantify the important near-wall thermal resistance from a bulk particle bed, which not only advances our understanding of heat transfer in fluidized beds, but may also contribute to the design of fluidized bed heat exchangers with higher HTC.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

TReactMech v4.217

TReactMech couples geomechanical processes (poroelasticity, failure, and inelastic strain) with multiphase nonisothermal flow (derived from TOUGH2) and reactive geochemical transport. At its core is the reactive-transport code TOUGHREACT v4.13. TReactMech is an efficient hybrid parallel simulator, solving the geomechanics using finite elements and MPI/PetSc, the multiphase flow using integrated finite difference and MPI/PETSc, and the reactive chemistry using OpenMP. The advantages of TReactMech are in its multiphase flow capabilities (e.g., supercritical CO2, supercritical water, air) and parallel geomechanics including full 3-D stress tensor, shear and tensile failure, coupled to porosity and permeability changes. It is backwardly compatible with TOUGH2 and TOUGHREACT v4.13, allowing for easier transitions between the codes. TReactMech can be used to simulate many natural and engineered subsurface systems, including geothermal reservoirs, borehole heat exchangers, geologic carbon sequestration, geologic storage of nuclear waste, groundwater resources, weathering, sediment diagenesis, seafloor hydrothermal circulation, hydrofracturing in unconventional reservoirs, and injection/production-induced surface deformation.

Sonnenthal, Eric↗

DOE OSTI2022

Distinguishing Unique Earthquakes with Overlapping Signals in Oklahoma

Abstract During routine operations monitoring Oklahoma earthquakes, we found that certain earthquakes occurred closely both in space and time and had overlapping phases at the recording stations. Through further scrutiny and analysis, we determined that rather than being distinctly different earthquakes, some of the earthquakes exhibited multiphase arrivals and longer than expected coda due to unique ray paths that encounter impedance contrasts such as at the sedimentary rock-basement. Of course, some of these events truly were distinct events, which we term overlapping earthquakes, for which perceived coda duration overlaps and obscures the phase arrivals of the second event due to the source proximity in both time and space. We detail our classification scheme to separate the local earthquakes in Oklahoma as single, overlapping earthquakes, or those associated with multiphase arrivals. We forward model seismic wave propagation in a 2D crustal model and develop a methodology that utilizes waveform correlation to distinguish phases from overlapping earthquakes to those from crustal reverberations. Duration analysis shows a more elongated duration, qualitatively similar to the duration produced by overlapping earthquakes, at the sites where multiphase arrivals are observed.

Geochemistry & Geophysics↗

DOE OSTI2017

Development of a Reduced-Order Model for Reacting Gas-Solids Flow using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition

This report summarizes the objectives, tasks and accomplishments made during the three year duration of this research project. The report presents the results obtained by applying advanced computational techniques to develop reduced-order models (ROMs) in the case of reacting multiphase flows based on high fidelity numerical simulation of gas-solids flow structures in risers and vertical columns obtained by the Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges (MFIX) software. The research includes a numerical investigation of reacting and non-reacting gas-solids flow systems and computational analysis that will involve model development to accelerate the scale-up process for the design of fluidization systems by providing accurate solutions that match the full-scale models. The computational work contributes to the development of a methodology for obtaining ROMs that is applicable to the system of gas-solid flows. Finally, the validity of the developed ROMs is evaluated by comparing the results against those obtained using the MFIX code. Additionally, the robustness of existing POD-based ROMs for multiphase flows is improved by avoiding non-physical solutions of the gas void fraction and ensuring that the reduced kinetics models used for reactive flows in fluidized beds are thermodynamically consistent.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2018

Device-scale CFD study for mass transfer coefficient and effective mass transfer area in packed column

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a significant contributor of greenhouse gases emissions responsible for global warming. The fossil-fueled power plant is one of the major sources of CO 2 emission worldwide and needs to be mitigated. Post-combustion carbon capture by chemical absorption can be a promising technology to reduce CO 2 emission from power plants. The absorption is carried out via countercurrent flow in the packed columns. Although monoethanolamine (MEA) is a popular solvent, it has also limitations such as high volatility of solvent, corrosivity that leads to product degradation and damage to apparatuses, low CO 2 loading capacity, etc. Therefore, alternate solvents are being explored as prospective materials for carbon capture. A water-lean solvent, CO 2 binding organic liquids (CO2BOL), is currently being developed as a prospective material in carbon capture at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Since the development of the material is at the primitive stage, it needs extensive investigation before industrial deployments. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer phenomena in the packed column using CO 2 BOL is unknown. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be a useful tool to understand these phenomena in the packed column. Before employing the extensive CFD investigations, one needs to carefully validate CFD predictions for accurate flow predictions. This report demonstrates the validation of multiphase flow simulations against the experimental results for both structured and random packed columns. The reactive multiphase flow simulations using volume of fluid method were conducted at a wide range of liquid loads and contacts angles. The effective area is one of the critical factors dictating interphase mass transfer due to chemical reactions. Accordingly, CFD-predicted effective areas were compared with the experimental results of Tsai et al. [1] for Mellapak 250.Y structured packing. Both results matched well at different liquid loads in the presence of fast chemical kinetics using caustic solvents. Further, reactive multiphase flow simulations were also conducted in pall ring random packing to compute effective areas in the presence of fast chemical reactions. The CFD-predicted effective area compared well with correlation developed by Song et al. [2]. With successful validations, the current simulation framework can be further used for prediction of hydrodynamics and mass transfer phenomena using CO 2 BOL solvents in the packed column. Subsequently, it would be helpful in design optimization of a packed column. In addition to validation of the CFD model, this report also explains the mechanism for enhanced liquid side mass transfer for a structured packed column as compared to the wetted wall column.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2021

OpenSesame tutorial

OpenSesame is a program for generating tabular equations of state (EOS), with capabilities for multiphase EOS construction. In this tutorial, we provide an overview of how to run OpenSesame to construct a multiphase EOS. We discuss some general features of OpenSesame, followed by a description of sample input files required for multiphase EOS construction. We also discuss how to extract data from EOS tables in order to compare to experimental data, with an example using the OpenSesame GUI. Lastly, we provide a description of how to generate ASCII-formatted EOS tables most often used by hydro code users.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗