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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 559 records · Page 31
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

Use of radar to assess aeolian processes

The interaction between wind and desert surfaces has important implications for sediment transport on Earth, Mars, and Venus, and for understanding the relationship between radar backscatter and aerodynamic roughness. Here, researchers report results from measurements of atmospheric boundary layer profiles, assessment of radar backscatter at P, L, and C wavelengths, and surface roughness in Death Valley, the Mojave Desert, and Lunar Lake, NV, and discuss the implications for aeolian process. The sites include playas, gravel and sand regs, alluvial fans, and lava flows. Boundary layer wind profiles were measured using anemometers at heights of 0.75, 1.25, 2.07, 3.44, 5.72, and 9.5 m; temperature sensors at heights of 1.3 and 9.6 m; and wind vanes at 9.7 and 1.5 m. Microtopographic measurements were made using a template and a laser-photo device to obtain RMS height. This study demonstrates that radar backscatter coefficients obtained from airborne and perhaps orbiting instruments could permit the derivation of aerodynamic roughness values for large areas. Such values, when combined with wind frequency data, could enable assessment of aeolian processes on a regional scale.

Greeley, Ronald↗
DOE OSTI2024

The Integration and Mapping of an Open-Source National Well Resource to Inform Geologic Carbon Storage Site Selection and Risk Prevention: The CO2-Locate Database

Geologic carbon storage (GCS) offers a way to capture and permanently store CO₂ from fossil fuel operations in underground geologic structures, aiding in the transition to a carbon-neutral energy economy. However, CO₂ injection sites can experience gas leakage through existing wells that penetrate storage reservoirs, making knowledge of well locations and characteristics crucial for permitting, infrastructure reusability, and risk assessment in GCS. Currently, public wellbore data from state, federal, and tribal entities are inconsistent and fragmented, with gaps and redundancies. To address this, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) developed CO2-Locate, an open-source, geospatial database and online application. CO2-Locate integrates over 50 data sources from federal, state, and tribal entities, creating a standardized national well database. Funded by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, the database is publicly available through the Energy Data eXchange (EDX) and viewable via the CO2-Locate web mapping application. This tool allows users to query, filter, and visualize well data to support GCS planning, permitting, and risk assessments. This presentation covers the methods used to create CO2-Locate, including data acquisition, processing, attribute mapping, and integration, much of which is automated for future updates. The web mapping application and its role in GCS site selection will also be discussed.

Tetteh, Daniel A.↗
NASA NTRS1965

Rugged pressed disk electrode has low contact potential

Pressed-disk electrode with low contact potential monitors physiological processes. It consists of silver and silver chloride combined with bentonitic clay. The clay affords a surface that permits use over extended periods without contact deterioration.

Day, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Vortex information display system program description manual

A vortex information display system is described which provides flexible control through system-user interaction for collecting wing-tip-trailing vortex data, processing this data in real time, displaying the processed data, storing raw data on magnetic tape, and post processing raw data. The data is received from two asynchronous laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV's) and includes position, velocity, and intensity information. The raw data is written onto magnetic tape for permanent storage and is also processed in real time to locate vortices and plot their positions as a function of time. The interactive capability enables the user to make real time adjustments in processing data and provides a better definition of vortex behavior. Displaying the vortex information in real time produces a feedback capability to the LDV system operator allowing adjustments to be made in the collection of raw data. Both raw data and processing can be continually upgraded during flyby testing to improve vortex behavior studies. The post-analysis capability permits the analyst to perform in-depth studies of test data and to modify vortex behavior models to improve transport predictions.

Conway, R.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Analysis of nonlinear structures via mode synthesis

An effective procedure for NASTRAN was developed that permits any number of substructures of any size to be synthesized for the purpose of developing normal modes of vibration of the complete structural system. The technique is extended to permit modal transient analysis of the subdivided system. This latter procedure permits the use of NASTRAN's ability to include nonlinear forces in the problem. The five-phase process is accomplished using standard NASTRAN rigid formats with problem-independent alter packages and DMAP sequences.

Gieseke, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Radar data processing and analysis

Digitized four-channel radar images corresponding to particular areas from the Phoenix and Huntington test sites were generated in conjunction with prior experiments performed to collect X- and L-band synthetic aperture radar imagery of these two areas. The methods for generating this imagery are documented. A secondary objective was the investigation of digital processing techniques for extraction of information from the multiband radar image data. Following the digitization, the remaining resources permitted a preliminary machine analysis to be performed on portions of the radar image data. The results, although necessarily limited, are reported.

Ausherman, D.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Radar systems for a polar mission, volume 1

The application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in monitoring and managing earth resources is examined. Synthetic aperture radars form a class of side-looking airborne radar, often referred to as coherent SLAR, which permits fine-resolution radar imagery to be generated at long operating ranges by the use of signal processing techniques. By orienting the antenna beam orthogonal to the motion of the spacecraft carrying the radar, a one-dimensional imagery ray system is converted into a two-dimensional or terrain imaging system. The radar's ability to distinguish - or resolve - closely spaced transverse objects is determined by the length of the pulse. The transmitter components receivers, and the mixer are described in details.

Moore, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Concept development evaluation for John Deere/UA STS middeck experiment location

The purpose of this effort was to consider and evaluate some specific concepts for performing a number of extremely low gravity (i.e., microgravity) experiments involving the directional solidification of samples of high carbon, cast iron alloys. The specific experiments considered herein were conceived to permit scientific investigation of the resultant microstructures and mechanical properties of the test samples after the microgravity environment processing. This study was limited to consideration of the NASA/MSFC furnace payloads, referred to herein as the Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (ADSF) systems. Three ADSF systems were reviewed and are as follows: (1) Low temperature ADSF (ADSF-1); (2) High temperature ADSF (ADSF-2); and (3) Advanced ADSF (AADSF).

Youngblood, W. W.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Clock synchronization of a large multiprocessor system in the presence of malicious faults

An interconnection algorithm is presented for achieving clock synchronization in a multiprocessor system. The system is assumed to be maliciously faulty, i.e., some processors are out of synchronization and lie about their clock state to other intragroup or intergroup processors. A phase-locked clock network design is proposed which groups the clocks in the system into diverse clusters. The clusters are then treated as single clock units from the perspective of the network. The algorithm minimizes the number of interconnections while permitting synchronization of large multiprocessor systems controlling time-critical applications such as aircraft, nuclear reactors and industrial processes.

Shin, Kang G.↗
NASA NTRS1988

An operations manual for the digital data system

The Digital Data System (DDS) was designed to incorporate the analog-to-digital conversion process into the initial data acquisition stage and to store the data in a digital format. This conversion is done as part of the acquisition process. Consequently, the data are ready to be analyzed as soon as the test is completed. This capability permits the researcher to alter test parameters during the course of the experiment based on the information acquired in a prior portion of the test. The DDS is currently able to simultaneously acquire up to 10 channels of data. The purpose of this document is fourfold: (1) to describe the capabilities of the hardware in sufficient detail to allow the reader to determine whether the DDS is the optimum system for a particular experiment; (2) to present some of the more significant software developed to provide analyses within a short time of the completion of data acquisition; (3) to provide the reader with sample runs of major software routines to demonstrate their convenience and simple usage; and (4) a portion of the document is used to describe software which uses an FFT-box to provide a means of comparison against which the DDS can be checked.

Jones, Michael G.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Accretionary origin for the late Archean Ashuanipi Complex of Canada

The Ashuanipi complex is one of the largest massif granulite terrains of the Canadian Shield. It makes up the eastern end of the 2000 km long, lower-grade, east-west belts of the Archean Superior Province, permitting lithological, age and tectonic correlation. Numerous lithological, geochemical and metamorphic similarities to south Indian granulites suggest common processes and invite comparison of tectonic evolution. The Ashuanipi granulite terrain of the Cannadian Superior Province was studied in detail, and an origin through self-melting of a 55 km thick accretionary wedge seems possible.

Percival, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Diffusion of Na and K in the uppermost regolith of Mercury

We examine the conditions under which ions impacting the Hermean surface can act as a regional source of enhanced atmospheric column through ion implantation and subsequent release at the surface. At most latitudes, energetic (a few keV) Na or K ions which impact the nightside surface, are released quickly (well before noon) upon warming of the surface. We show that the relative sunrise/sunset difference produced by ion implantation is ((n)(sub SR) - (n)(sub SS)/(n)(sub Ave) = f, where f is the fraction of the photo-ions recycled, (n)(sub SR) is the average zenith column above the sunrise portion of the illuminated hemisphere, (n)(sub SS) is the average zenith column in the sunset portion, and (n)(sub Ave) is the average column over the sunlit disk. Thus, to produce a large sunrise/sunset difference via ion implantation and subsequent release requires efficient (close to total) recycling. We show that the most extensive set of available data reduced to Na column abundance does not show any sunrise enhancement. We argue that the K data do not permit an unambiguous interpretation in favor of sunrise/sunset differences. We further find that if an efficient surface loss process for the alkali is not operating after sunrise, the initial Na and K distribution will relax into the bulk of the solid. Preserved abundance gradients of Na and K in lunar glasses that the Arrhenius coefficients for impact glasses are likely more modest than those for laboratory glasses derived from rock by nonimpact processes, but the effect of the more modest diffusion rates is only to delay the efficient loss of Na by a few Earth days. We argue that implantation can lead to observable regional increases in the observed Na or K column densities only if it occurs at very high latitudes, where diffusion is slow. It is typically lower energy ions which impact at high latitude and these are both more numerous than the high energy ions and possess smaller average penetration depths; thus there are additional reasons to favor a high-latitude locus for any possible prompt return related increases in zenith column. We find that we cannot rule out sputtering as a source process, as the low-energy ions are efficient sputterers. Finally, we argue that the observed Na/K ratio in the atmopshere may be the expression of their different asymptotic rates of loss from the interiors of the regolith grains. If so, this allows us to fix the importance of sputtering and photon stimulated desorption relative to impact vaporization.

Killen, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Hydrocarbon polymeric binder for advanced solid propellant

Various experimental factors were examined to determine the source of difficulty in an isoprene polymerization in the 5-gallon reactor which gave a non-uniform product of low functionality. It was concluded that process improvements relating to initiator and monomer purity were desirable, but that the main difficulty was in the initiator feed system. A new pumping system was installed and an analog simulation of the reactor, feed system and initiator decomposition kinetics was devised which permits the selection of initial initiator concentrations and feed rates to use to give a nearly uniform initiator concentration throughout a polymerization run. An isoprene polymerization was run in which the process improvements were implemented.

Potts, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The origin and evolution of the coordinated data analysis workshop process

During the planning stage for the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS), it was stressed that coordinated observations among various satellites and among satellite, ground-based, balloon, and rocket (GBR) experiments were essential in obtaining the required observational data base. In the course of operating the Satellite Situation Center (SSC), it was found to be desirable to assemble a problem-oriented digital data base, consisting of a large number of physical parameters obtained from satellite and GBR sensors, in a computer system which would permit a large number of scientists to manipulate, display, discuss, study and analyze the data together in a coordinated manner. It was felt that such a process might shorten the time required to gain full scientific understanding of the observations. This approach was called the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) process. Attention is given to the preliminary concept, the the initial implementation of the CDAW process, and aspects of subsequent evolution.

Vette, J. I.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Development of High Speed Imaging and Analysis Techniques Compressible Dynamics Stall

Dynamic stall has limited the flight envelope of helicopters for many years. The problem has been studied in the laboratory as well as in flight, but most research, even in the laboratory, has been restricted to surface measurement techniques such as pressure transducers or skin friction gauges, except at low speed. From this research, it became apparent that flow visualization tests performed at Mach numbers representing actual flight conditions were needed if the complex physics associated with dynamic stall was to be properly understood. However, visualization of the flow field during compressible conditions required carefully aligned and meticulously reconstructed holographic interferometry. As part of a long-range effort focused on exposing of the physics of compressible dynamic stall, a research wind tunnel was developed at NASA Ames Research Center which permits visual access to the full flow field surrounding an oscillating airfoil during compressible dynamic stall. Initially, a stroboscopic schlieren technique was used for visualization of the stall process, but the primary research tool has been point diffraction interferometry(PDI), a technique carefully optimized for use in th is project. A review of the process of development of PDI will be presented in the full paper. One of the most valuable aspects of PDI is the fact that interferograms are produced in real time on a continuous basis. The use of a rapidly-pulsed laser makes this practical; a discussion of this approach will be presented in the full paper. This rapid pulsing(up to 40,000 pulses/sec) produces interferograms of the rapidly developing dynamic stall field in sufficient resolution(both in space and time) that the fluid physics of the compressible dynamic stall flowfield can be quantitatively determined, including the gradients of pressure in space and time. This permits analysis of the influence of the effect of pitch rate, Mach number, Reynolds number, amplitude of oscillation, and other parameters on the dynamic stall process. When interferograms can be captured in real time, the potential for real-time mapping of a developing unsteady flow such as dynamic stall becomes a possibility. This has been achieved in the present case through the use of a high-speed drum camera combined with electronic circuitry which has resulted in a series of interferograms obtained during a single cycle of dynamic stall; images obtained at the rate of 20 KHz will be presented as a part of the formal presentation. Interferometry has been available for a long time; however, most of its use has been limited to visualization. The present research has focused on use of interferograms for quantitative mapping of the flow over oscillating airfoils. Instantaneous pressure distributions can now be obtained semi-automatically, making practical the analysis of the thousands of interferograms that are produced in this research. A review of the techniques that have been developed as part of this research effort will be presented in the final paper.

Chandrasekhara, M. S.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Composite Design and Manufacturing Development for Human Spacecrafts

The Structural Engineering Division at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) has begun work on lightweight, multi‐functional pressurized composite structures. The first candidate vehicle for technology development is the Multi‐Mission Space Exploration Vehicle (MMSEV) cabin, known as the Gen 2B cabin, which has been built at JSC by the Robotics Division. Of the habitable MMSEV vehicle prototypes designed to date, this is the first one specifically analyzed and tested to hold internal pressure and the only one made out of composite materials. This design uses a laminate base with zoned reinforcement and external stringers, intended to demonstrate certain capabilities, and to prepare for the next cabin design, which will be a composite sandwich panel construction with multi‐functional capabilities. As part of this advanced development process, a number of new technologies were used to assist in the design and manufacturing process. One of the methods, new to JSC, was to build the Gen 2B cabin with Out of Autoclave technology to permit the creation of larger parts with fewer joints. An 8‐ply pre‐preg layup was constructed to form the cabin body. Prior to lay‐up, a design optimization software called FiberSIM was used to create each ply pattern. This software is integrated with Pro/Engineer to allow for customized draping of each fabric ply over the complex tool surface. Slits and darts are made in the software model to create an optimal design that maintains proper fiber placement and orientation. The flat pattern of each ply is then exported and sent to an automated cutting table where the patterns are cut out of graphite material. Additionally, to assist in lay‐up, a laser projection system (LPT) is used to project outlines of each ply directly onto the tool face for accurate fiber placement and ply build‐up. Finally, as part of the OoA process, a large oven was procured to post‐cure each part. After manufacturing complete, the cabin underwent modal and pressure testing (currently in progress at date of writing) and will go on to be outfitted and used for further ops usage.

Litteken, Douglas↗
NASA NTRS1979

Analysis and Evaluation of Processes and Equipment in Tasks 2 and 4 of the Low-cost Solar Array Project

To facilitate the task of objectively comparing competing process options, a methodology was needed for the quantitative evaluation of their relative cost effectiveness. Such a methodology was developed and is described, together with three examples for its application. The criterion for the evaluation is the cost of the energy produced by the system. The method permits the evaluation of competing design options for subsystems, based on the differences in cost and efficiency of the subsystems, assuming comparable reliability and service life, or of competing manufacturing process options for such subsystems, which include solar cells or modules. This process option analysis is based on differences in cost, yield, and conversion efficiency contribution of the process steps considered.

Wolf, M.↗