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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 559 records · Page 31

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS2005

NASA Tech Briefs, September 2005

Topivs include: Diamond-Coated Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Field Emission; Improved Anode Coatings for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells; Advanced Ablative Insulators and Methods of Making Them; PETIs as High-Temperature Resin-Transfer-Molding Materials; Stable Polyimides for Terrestrial and Space Uses; Low-Density, Aerogel-Filled Thermal-Insulation Tiles; High-Performance Polymers Having Low Melt Viscosities; Nonflammable, Hydrophobic Aerogel Composites for Insulation; Front-Side Microstrip Line Feeding a Raised Antenna Patch; Medium-Frequency Pseudonoise Georadar; Facilitating Navigation Through Large Archives; Program for Weibull Analysis of Fatigue Data; Comprehensive Micromechanics-Analysis Code - Version 4.0; Component-Based Visualization System; Software for Engineering Simulations of a Spacecraft; LabVIEW Interface for PCI-SpaceWire Interface Card; Path Following with Slip Compensation for a Mars Rover; International Space Station Electric Power System Performance Code-SPACE; Software for Automation of Real-Time Agents, Version 2; Software for Optimizing Plans Involving Interdependent Goals; Computing Gravitational Fields of Finite-Sized Bodies; Custom Sky-Image Mosaics from NASA's Information Power Grid; ANTLR Tree Grammar Generator and Extensions; Generic Kalman Filter Software; Alignment Stage for a Cryogenic Dilatometer; Rugged Iris Mechanism; Treatments To Produce Stabilized Aluminum Mirrors for Cryogenic Uses; Making AlNx Tunnel Barriers Using a Low-Energy Nitrogen-Ion Beam; Making Wide-IF SIS Mixers with Suspended Metal-Beam Leads; Sol-Gel Glass Holographic Light-Shaping Diffusers; Automated Counting of Particles To Quantify Cleanliness; Phase Correction for GPS Antenna with Nonunique Phase Center; Compact Infrasonic Windscreen; Broadband External-Cavity Diode Laser; High-Efficiency Solar Cells Using Photonic-Bandgap Materials; Generating Solid Models from Topographical Data; Computationally Lightweight Air-Traffic-Control Simulation; Spool Valve for Switching Air Flows Between Two Beds; Partial Model of Insulator/ Insulator Contact Charging; Asymmetric Electrostatic Radiation Shielding for Spacecraft; and Reusable Hybrid Propellant Modules for Outer-Space Transport.

Source record↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Celestial Mapping System

Celestial Mapping System (CMS) is a software platform developed by Dr. Agrawal’s team to generate virtual 3D globes for celestial bodies. Various layers are built on top of the virtual globe to provide visualization for high-resolution imagery, enable precise measurements, build analytical capabilities and broad range of functionalities to assist planetary scientists and mission planners. In her June 14th presentation, Dr. Agrawal will showcase the user interactive software platform to virtually travel the lunar terrain, place rovers and instruments on the surface of the moon and perform measurements of various geological features including permanently shadowed regions. Her team’s future goals include building interactive 3D globes for other planetary bodies such as Venus, Mars, and Titan in the solar system.

GIS system↗

DOE OSTI2025

ARCH: Large-scale knowledge graph via aggregated narrative codified health records analysis

Objective: Electronic health record (EHR) systems contain a wealth of clinical data stored as both codified data and free-text narrative notes (NLP). The complexity of EHR presents challenges in feature representation, information extraction, and uncertainty quantification. Here, to address these challenges, we proposed an efficient Aggregated naRrative Codified Health (ARCH) records analysis to generate a large-scale knowledge graph (KG) for a comprehensive set of EHR codified and narrative features. Methods: Using data from 12.5 million Veterans Affairs patients, ARCH first derives embedding vectors and generates similarities along with associated p-values to measure the strength of relatedness between clinical features with statistical certainty quantification. Next, ARCH performs a sparse embedding regression to remove indirect linkage between features to build a sparse KG. Finally, ARCH was validated on various clinical tasks, including detecting known relationships between entity pairs, predicting drug side effects, disease phenotyping, as well as sub-typing Alzheimer’s disease patients. Results: ARCH produces high-quality clinical embeddings and KG for over 60,000 codified and narrative EHR concepts. The KG and embeddings are visualized in the R-shiny powered web-API.3 ARCH achieved high accuracy in detecting EHR concept relationships, with AUCs of 0.926 (codified) and 0.861 (NLP) for similar EHR concepts, and 0.810 (codified) and 0.843 (NLP) for related pairs. It detected drug side effects with a 0.723 AUC, which improved to 0.826 after fine-tuning. Using both codified and NLP features, the detection power increased significantly. Compared to other methods, ARCH has superior accuracy and enhances weakly supervised phenotyping algorithms’ performance. Notably, it successfully categorized Alzheimer’s patients into two subgroups with varying mortality rates. Conclusion: The proposed ARCH algorithm generates large-scale high-quality semantic representations and knowledge graph for both codified and NLP EHR features, useful for a wide range of predictive modeling tasks.

Electronic health records↗

NASA NTRS2005

Optic Flow Dominates Visual Scene Polarity in Causing Adaptive Modification of Locomotor Trajectory

Locomotion and posture are influenced and controlled by vestibular, visual and somatosensory information. Optic flow and scene polarity are two characteristics of a visual scene that have been identified as being critical in how they affect perceived body orientation and self-motion. The goal of this study was to determine the role of optic flow and visual scene polarity on adaptive modification in locomotor trajectory. Two computer-generated virtual reality scenes were shown to subjects during 20 minutes of treadmill walking. One scene was a highly polarized scene while the other was composed of objects displayed in a non-polarized fashion. Both virtual scenes depicted constant rate self-motion equivalent to walking counterclockwise around the perimeter of a room. Subjects performed Stepping Tests blindfolded before and after scene exposure to assess adaptive changes in locomotor trajectory. Subjects showed a significant difference in heading direction, between pre and post adaptation stepping tests, when exposed to either scene during treadmill walking. However, there was no significant difference in the subjects heading direction between the two visual scene polarity conditions. Therefore, it was inferred from these data that optic flow has a greater role than visual polarity in influencing adaptive locomotor function.

Nomura, Y.↗

NASA NTRS2005

Optic Flow Dominates Visual Scene Polarity in Causing Adaptive Modification of Locomotor Trajectory

Nomura, Y.↗

DOE OSTI2020

An approach for broad molecular imaging of the root-soil interface via indirect matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

Understanding of rhizospheric processes is limited by the need for imaging complex molecular transformations at relevant spatial scales within the root soil continuum. In this work, we demonstrate a method to enable this analysis by first extracting organic compounds from the rhizosphere onto a PVDF membrane while maintaining their 2D distribution. We then image the distribution of chemical compounds using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). This approach permitted us to visualize and identify compounds on the root surface and presumed root exudates in the rhizosphere. Within a 1.8 cm x 0.6 cm sampling area of a switchgrass rhizosphere, we could observe at least four chemically distinct zones. Using high performance Fourier transform ion cyclotron MS, we were able to accurately annotate numerous molecules co-localized to each of these zones.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2025

Diagnosis of PV Cell Antireflective Coating Degradation Resulting From Hot-Humid High-Voltage Potential Aging

Corrosion of the antireflective coating on a photovoltaic cell ("ARc corrosion") has previously been observed in studies using hot-humid test conditions with external high-voltage (HV) bias. This study primarily focuses on known vulnerable legacy aluminum back surface field cells in mini-modules (MiMos) put through comparative stepped stress tests. Each cell type had MiMos at +1500 V, -1500 V, or unbiased ("Voc") potential, which were sequentially subjected to test conditions of 60 degrees C/60% relative humidity (RH) for 96 h, as in International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Specification 62804-1; 70 degrees C/70% RH for 200 h; and 85 degrees C/85% RH for 200 h. Characterizations at each step included visual camera and electroluminescence (EL) imaging, colorimetry, and current-voltage curve tracing. Final characterizations included: Suns-Voc, spatial mapping of external quantum efficiency, high-resolution photoluminescence, EL, and dark lock-in thermography imaging. Forensics were performed on extracted cores, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning Auger microscopy (SAM). Forensics were also conducted on MiMos from previous studies that underwent stepped HV aging and separate outdoor aged full-sized modules. ARc corrosion was specifically seen for the glass/encapsulant/cell side of the +1500 V (HV+) stressed MiMos and modules. Appearance, color, and reflectance were the most distinguishing characteristics relative to glass corrosion, gridline corrosion and delamination, and other concurrent degradation modes. SEM/EDS and SAM identified the conversion of silicon nitride to hydrated silica, hydrous silica, or hydrated amorphous silica, which preferentially occurred at the edges and tips of the pyramidal textured cell surface.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

NASA NTRS1991

Debris/Ice/TPS Assessment and Photographic Analysis for Shuttle Mission STS-40

A debris, ice, Thermal Protection System (TPS) assessment and photographic analysis for Space Shuttle Mission STS-40 was conducted. Debris inspections of the flight elements and launch pad were performed before and after launch. Ice and frost conditions on the External Tank were assessed by the use of computer programs, nomographs, and infrared scanner data during cryogenic loading of the vehicle, followed by on-pad visual inspection. High speed photography was analyzed after launch to identify ice and debris sources and to evaluate potential vehicle damage and/or in-flight anomalies.

Katnik, Gregory N.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Visual pattern image sequence coding

The visual pattern image coding (VPIC) configurable digital image-coding process is capable of coding with visual fidelity comparable to the best available techniques, at compressions which (at 30-40:1) exceed all other technologies. These capabilities are associated with unprecedented coding efficiencies; coding and decoding operations are entirely linear with respect to image size and entail a complexity that is 1-2 orders of magnitude faster than any previous high-compression technique. The visual pattern image sequence coding to which attention is presently given exploits all the advantages of the static VPIC in the reduction of information from an additional, temporal dimension, to achieve unprecedented image sequence coding performance.

Silsbee, Peter↗

NASA NTRS1998

Legacy Code Modernization

Over the past decade, high performance computing has evolved rapidly; systems based on commodity microprocessors have been introduced in quick succession from at least seven vendors/families. Porting codes to every new architecture is a difficult problem; in particular, here at NASA, there are many large CFD applications that are very costly to port to new machines by hand. The LCM ("Legacy Code Modernization") Project is the development of an integrated parallelization environment (IPE) which performs the automated mapping of legacy CFD (Fortran) applications to state-of-the-art high performance computers. While most projects to port codes focus on the parallelization of the code, we consider porting to be an iterative process consisting of several steps: 1) code cleanup, 2) serial optimization,3) parallelization, 4) performance monitoring and visualization, 5) intelligent tools for automated tuning using performance prediction and 6) machine specific optimization. The approach for building this parallelization environment is to build the components for each of the steps simultaneously and then integrate them together. The demonstration will exhibit our latest research in building this environment: 1. Parallelizing tools and compiler evaluation. 2. Code cleanup and serial optimization using automated scripts 3. Development of a code generator for performance prediction 4. Automated partitioning 5. Automated insertion of directives. These demonstrations will exhibit the effectiveness of an automated approach for all the steps involved with porting and tuning a legacy code application for a new architecture.

Hribar, Michelle R.↗

NASA NTRS2015

Visualization of a Sweeping Jet by Laser Speckle Retro-reflective Background Oriented Schlieren

Sweeping jet actuators are currently being studied as a method of active flow control to increase the performance of wings and tails. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations show that the jet does not sweep at a constant rate, instead spending more time at the minimum and maximum of its extent. As part of a test done to provide dynamic flow measurements for Computation Fluid Dynamics validation in NASA Ames Fluid Mechanics Lab, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was performed on a single sweeping jet actuator designed by NASA and Boeing that was inset in a small airfoil. However, even at low jet pressures, the PIV could not be acquired at high enough frequencies to both spatially and temporally resolve the stickiness of the jet motion. Therefore, a small portion of the PIV laser was picked off and used to acquire flow visualization at higher frequencies through a new technique, laser speckle Retroreflective Background Oriented Schlieren (RBOS).

sweeping jet actuator↗

DOE OSTI2025

Methodology of Atomic Force Microscopy Visualization of Electrode–Electrolyte Interfaces

Electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) provides unprecedented insights into the microstructure of electrode–electrolyte interfaces during electrochemical reactions. However, performing EC-AFM measurements has many challenges, for example, drift, contamination, and probe degradation. We present solutions to these experimental issues through electrochemical cell design and carefully chosen experimental parameters. The possibility that the probes can react with the interface during scanning, generating false-positive electrochemical dynamics, is discussed as an example of the challenge of high-fidelity EC-AFM measurement. Here, we demonstrate this effect in highly ordered pyrolytic graphite and show that we could use electrochemical control of the AFM probe to enable high-fidelity in situ AFM visualization of solid–liquid interfaces during electrochemical reactions.

Electrochemical cells↗

NASA NTRS1989

Tools for 3D scientific visualization in computational aerodynamics at NASA Ames Research Center

Hardware, software, and techniques used by the Fluid Dynamics Division (NASA) for performing visualization of computational aerodynamics, which can be applied to the visualization of flow fields from computer simulations of fluid dynamics about the Space Shuttle, are discussed. Three visualization techniques applied, post-processing, tracking, and steering, are described, as well as the post-processing software packages used, PLOT3D, SURF (Surface Modeller), GAS (Graphical Animation System), and FAST (Flow Analysis software Toolkit). Using post-processing methods a flow simulation was executed on a supercomputer and, after the simulation was complete, the results were processed for viewing. It is shown that the high-resolution, high-performance three-dimensional workstation combined with specially developed display and animation software provides a good tool for analyzing flow field solutions obtained from supercomputers.

Bancroft, Gordon↗

DOE OSTI2021

Exploring the Interaction Between Head-Supported Mass, Posture, and Visual Stress on Neck Muscle Activation

Objective Assess neck muscle activity for varying interactions between helmet, posture, and visual stress in a simulated “helo-hunch” posture. Background Military aviators frequently report neck pain (NP). Risk factors for NP include head-supported mass, awkward postures, and mental workload. Interactions between these factors could induce constant low-level muscle activation during helicopter flight and better explain instances of NP. Method Interactions between physical loading (helmet doffed/donned), posture (symmetric/asymmetric), and visual stress (low/high contrast) were studied through neck muscle electromyography (EMG), head kinematics, subjective discomfort, perceived workload, and task performance. Subjects ( n = 16) performed eight 30-min test conditions (varied physical loading, posture, and visual stress) while performing a simple task in a simulated “helo-hunch” seating environment. Results Conditions with a helmet donned had fewer EMG median frequency cycles (which infer motor unit rotation for rest/recovery, where more cycles are better) in the left cervical extensor and left sternocleidomastoid. Asymmetric posture (to the right) resulted in higher normalized EMG activity in the right cervical extensor and left sternocleidomastoid and resulted in less lateral bending compared with neutral across all conditions. Conditions with high visual stress also resulted in fewer EMG cycles in the right cervical extensor. Conclusion A complex interaction exists between the physical load of the helmet, postural stress from awkward postures, and visual stress within a simulated “helo-hunch” seating environment. Application These results provide insight into how visual factors influence biomechanical loading. Such insights may assist future studies in designing short-term administrative controls and long-term engineering controls.

Behavioral Sciences↗

DOE OSTI2018

Enforcing End-to-end I/O Policies for Scientific Workflows using Software-Defined Storage Resource Enclaves

Data-intensive knowledge discovery requires scientific applications to run concurrently with analytics and visualization codes executing in situ for timely output inspection and knowledge extraction. Consequently, I/O pipelines of scientific workflows can be long and complex because they comprise many stages of analytics across different layers of the I/O stack of high-performance computing systems. Performance limitations at any I/O layer or stage can cause an I/O bottleneck resulting in greater than expected end-to-end I/O latency. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a novel data management infrastructure called Software-Defined Storage Resource Enclaves (SIREN) at system level to enforce end-to-end policies that dictate an I/O pipeline's performance. SIREN provides an I/O performance interface for users to specify the desired storage resources in the context of in-situ analytics. If suboptimal performance of analytics is caused by an I/O bottleneck when data are transferred between simulations and analytics, schedulers in different layers of the I/O stack automatically provide the guaranteed lower bounds on I/O throughput. Lastly, our experimental results demonstrate that SIREN provides performance isolation among scientific workflows sharing multiple storage servers across two I/O layers (burst buffer and parallel file systems) while maintaining high system scalability and resource utilization.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2025

Enabling Command-and-Control in Advanced In Situ Workflows

Scientific discovery is progressing towards autonomous science with the combination of scientific instruments, high-performance computing, and artificial intelligence in complex workflows. This evolution introduces new requirements for managing scientific workflows, including feedback loops, near real-time constraints, and the ability to dynamically control workflow execution. In situ workflows that analyze and visualize data as it is generated are well-suited to satisfy stringent time constraints and their iterative nature offers greater opportunities for command-and-control. However, only a few of the many workflow management systems available have been specifically designed to manage in situ workflows and often lack support for automated feedback loops that allow analysis and visualization components to interact with the main scientific data producer. To address this need, we present in this paper how to add command-and-control capabilities to a workflow management system. We identify the functional design requirements of such a command-and-control system, detail its architecture, interface, and core mechanisms, and illustrate how advanced in situ workflows can leverage command-and-control in three use cases: graceful termination with checkpoint, dynamic and adaptive data reduction, and event-triggered analysis.

Mehta, Kshitij [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000297149981)↗

DOE OSTI2021

VTK-m User's Guide (V.1.6)

High-performance computing relies on ever finer threading. Advances in processor technology include ever greater numbers of cores, hyperthreading, accelerators with integrated blocks of cores, and special vectorized instructions, all of which require more software parallelism to achieve peak performance. Traditional visualization solutions cannot support this extreme level of concurrency. Extreme scale systems require a new programming model and a fundamental change in how we design algorithms. To address these issues we created VTK-m: the visualization toolkit for multi-/many-core architectures.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2018

Preparation and Analysis of Austenitic Steel Samples Irradiated at Very High Damage Doses

This report describes the preliminary results of the visual inspection, cutting, preparation for IASCC (irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking) testing, and property evaluation of austenitic stainless steel specimens irradiated at very-high-damage doses (up to 125 dpa) in the BOR-60 fast reactor. Work was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory using the Irradiated Materials Examination and Testing (hot cell) Facility and the Low Activation Materials Development and Analysis (LAMDA) laboratory. Report sections describe specific aspects of the research activity. Section 1 reviews the general background, material, and specimen origin, and provides detailed information on material composition and damage dose level. Section 2 describes operations performed with irradiated specimens at the hot cell facility and LAMDA laboratory. At the moment, tensile specimen preparation is complete, and the tensile bars are ready for shipment to the University of Michigan for stress corrosion cracking testing. Section 3 discusses the microstructure of archive alloys and post-irradiation material properties; because of the very limited timeframe, only selected results are given on the magnetic properties of the irradiated specimens. Section 4 summarizes the work performed, presents conclusions, and discusses future activities within the line of research.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗