Materials Informatics for the Development and Discovery of Future Magnetic Materials
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Engineering↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Amorphous Metal Ribbon (AMR) and Metal Amorphous Nanocomposite (MANC) Materials Enabled High Power Density Vehicle Motor Applications (Final Technical Report)
A collaborative team from Carnegie Mellon Univ. (CMU), North Carolina State Univ. (NCSU) and Metglas, South Carolina have studied new high speed motors (HSMs) with high-power density for traction motor applications. These are enabled by hybrid designs, including Flux Switching with Permanent Magnets (FSWPM) motors, exploiting permanent magnets without heavy rare earths (RE-lean) and high induction/high resistivity soft magnetic materials that allow for high switching frequencies needed to increase power densities. Team members include Michael E. McHenry, Prof. Materials Science & Eng., CMU, with > 30 years experience in magnetic materials development; Subashish Bhattacharya, Prof. Electrical Eng. and Freedom Center Director at NCSU with > 30 years experience in development of power electronic components and systems and Eric Theisen, Director of Research at Metglas, the only US located supplier of AMR and MANC materials. The team offers novel axial motor architectures exploiting soft magnetic materials (SMMs) that switch with low loss at high frequencies and heavy rare earth free permanent magnets that address materials criticality issues, supply chain risks, and high costs for traction motors. Axial-flux permanent magnet motors (APFM), offer efficiency improvements reducing rotor losses and also significantly higher power density. Axial-flux construction requires less core material, high torque-to-weight ratio. Since AFPM machines have thin magnets, they are smaller than radial flux motors making them attractive in space-limited applications. Noise and vibration are less and planar air gaps are easily adjusted. Flexibility in air-gap direction allows many topologies.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Transformational Sorbent Materials for a Substantial Reduction in the Energy Requirement for Direct Air Capture of CO 2
InnoSepra’s project, “Transformational Sorbent Materials for a Substantial Reduction in the Energy Requirement for Direct Air Capture of CO 2 ,” utilized computational tools, materials characterization, and lab scale testing to optimize previously identified materials to determine their performance under direct air capture conditions. InnoSepra utilized the test results to determine the energy required for regeneration and to develop a high-level process design/analysis to demonstrate the application of developed materials for direct air capture which could be utilized for future techno-economic and life-cycle analyses to fully assess the potential of the materials for direct air capture. InnoSepra also updated the State Point Data Table and completed the environmental, health, and safety (EH&S) Risk Assessment.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
Profit opportunities for the chemical process industries
Papers given at a seminar designed to assist industry in the utilization of NASA-developed technology are presented. The topics include the following: the Technology Utilization program, NASA patent policy changes, transfer of Hysttl resin technology, nonflammable cellulosic materials development, nonflammable paper technology, circuit board laminates and construction, polymide resins and other polymers, and intumescent coatings.
Source record↗
Space Shuttle Orbiter Leading Edge Structural Subsystem development
The development of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Leading Edge Structural Subsystem (LESS) is traced from concept definition, through technical development, to final design, qualification testing and flight performance. A detailed description of the LESS is presented to support a discussion of the design, material development and thermal/structural integration. Extensive development/qualification tests and analytical studies were performed to verify the thermal/structural system performance and to certify the LESS for flight. Flight data and detailed post-flight inspection results are presented which support the conclusion that the LESS system performance has been outstanding.
Curry, D. M.↗
From Materials to Cell: State-of-the-Art and Prospective Technologies for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Processing
Electrode processing plays an important role in advancing lithium-ion battery technologies and has a significant impact on cell energy density, manufacturing cost, and throughput. Compared to the extensive research on materials development, however, there has been much less effort in this area. In this Review, we outline each step in the electrode processing of lithium-ion batteries from materials to cell assembly, summarize the recent progress in individual steps, deconvolute the interplays between those steps, discuss the underlying constraints, and share some prospective technologies. Finally, this Review aims to provide an overview of the whole process in lithium-ion battery fabrication from powder to cell formation and bridge the gap between academic development and industrial manufacturing.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Development of the Seeding System Used for Laser Velocimeter Surveys of the NASA Low-Speed Centrifugal Compressor Flow Field
Consideration is given to an atomizer-based system for distributing high-volume rates of polystyrene latex (PSL) seed material developed to support laser velocimeter investigations of the NASA Low-Speed Compressor flow field. Complete evaporation of the liquid carrier before the flow entering the compressor was of primary concern for the seeder system design. It is argued that the seed nozzle should incorporate a needle valve that can mechanically dislodge accumulated PSL seed material when the nozzle is turned off. Water is less expensive as the liquid carrier and should be used whenever adequate residence times are available to ensure complete evaporation. PSL agglomerates over time and needs to be mixed or blended before use. Arrangement of the spray nozzles needs to be adjustable to provide maximum seeding at the laser probe volume.
Wasserbauer, C. A.↗
Radiochronometric analysis of an historic Cs-137 activity standard
In this work, a 137 Cs activity standard discovered during routine inventory was analyzed to determine its model age using radiochronometry. The aqueous activity standard was separated using an established separation method that employs commercially available Sr resin. The method was also tested against a nuclear forensics reference material developed specifically for benchmarking 137 Cs radiochronometry methods. Results of the analyses showed good agreement between the results and the certified values of the reference material. Analysis of the discovered activity standard were also in good agreement with the activity certification date, though uncertainty was higher due to natural Ba contaminating the sample and the stable 133 Cs used as a carrier during the standard’s production.
38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
Transformational Sorbent-Based Process for a Substantial Reduction in the Cost of CO 2 Capture
InnoSepra’s project, “Transformational Sorbent-Based Process for a Substantial Reduction in the Cost of CO 2 Capture,” utilized computational tools, materials characterization, and lab and pilot-scale testing to optimize previously identified materials to determine their performance under post-combustion capture conditions. InnoSepra utilized the test results to determine the energy required for regeneration and to develop a process design/analysis to demonstrate the application of developed materials for post-combustion capture. A techno-economic analysis was performed to fully assess the potential of the materials for post-combustion capture. InnoSepra also updated the State Point Data Table and completed the environmental, health, and safety (EH&S) Risk Assessment. The InnoSepra CO 2 capture technology has the potential for a significant reduction in the CO 2 capture cost for the power plant and industrial flue gases.
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
Superconductivity Devices: Commercial Use of Space
The work described in this report covers various aspects of the Rainbow solid-state actuator and sensor technologies. It is presented in five parts dealing with sensor applications, nonlinear properties, stress-optic and electrooptic properties, stacks and arrays, and publications. The Rainbow actuator technology is a relatively new materials development which had its inception in 1992. It involves a new processing technique for preparing pre-stressed, high lead containing piezoelectric and electrostrictive ceramic materials. Ceramics fabricated by this method produce bending-mode actuator devices which possess several times more displacement and load bearing capacity than present-day benders. Since they can also be used in sensor applications, Rainbows are part of the family of materials known as smart ceramics. During this period, PLZT Rainbow ceramics were characterized with respect to their piezoelectric properties for potential use in stress sensor applications. Studies of the nonlinear and stress-optic/electrooptic birefringent properties were also initiated during this period. Various means for increasing the utility of stress-enhanced Rainbow actuators are presently under investigation.
Haertling, Gene↗
Earth and Space Science
Workshop for middle and high school teachers to enhance their knowledge of the Earth as a system. NASA data and materials developed by teachers (all available via the Internet) will be used to engage participants in hands-on, investigative approaches to the Earth system. All materials are ready to be applied in pre-college classrooms. Remotely-sensed data will be used in combination with familiar resources, such as maps, to examine global climate change.
Meeson, Blanche W.↗
Progress and Perspective: Soft Thermoelectric Materials for Wearable and Internet‐of‐Things Applications
Abstract Soft thermoelectric materials, including conjugated polymers and organic–inorganic hybrids, now demonstrate figures of merit approaching those of inorganic materials. These materials development breakthroughs enable the design of thermoelectric devices that exhibit appropriate efficiencies for commercial use, while simultaneously leveraging the unique processing and mechanical advantages of soft materials. Such a technology opens the door to a suite of new thermoelectric applications, including power generation for biomedical implants and the Internet of Things, or wearable heating and cooling devices. In order to realize deployment of such technologies, there is a fundamental need for deeper understanding of the complex transport physics underlying thermoelectric transport in soft materials. Here, the current state of the art in soft thermoelectrics materials is discussed, and outstanding challenges specific to organic and organic–inorganic hybrid systems are highlighted.
Zaia, Edmond W.↗
NO x Adsorption and Optical Detection in Rare Earth Metal–Organic Frameworks
Acid gases (e.g., NO x and SO x ), commonly found in complex chemical and petrochemical streams, require material development for their selective adsorption and removal. Here, we report the NO x adsorption properties in a family of rare earth (RE) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) materials. Fundamental understanding of the structure–property relationship of NO x adsorption in the RE-DOBDC materials platform was sought via a combined experimental and molecular modeling study. No structural change was noted following humid NO x exposure. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations indicated that H 2 O has a stronger affinity to bind with the metal center than NO 2 , while NO 2 preferentially binds with the DOBDC ligands. Further modeling results indicate no change in binding energy across the RE elements investigated. Also, stabilization of the NO 2 and H 2 O molecules following adsorption was noted, predicted to be due to hydrogen bonding between the framework ligands and the molecules and nanoconfinement within the MOF structure. This interaction also caused distinct changes in emission spectra, identified experimentally. As a result, calculations indicated that this is due to the adsorption of NO 2 molecules onto the DOBDC ligand altering the electronic transitions and the resulting photoluminescent properties, a feature that has potential applications in future sensing technologies.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Integrated Carbon Capture and Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation for Olefins Production under Isothermal Conditions over Cr₂O₃-ZSM-5/CaO-CaZrO₃ Reactive Capture Materials
Converting captured CO₂ into fuels and marketable chemicals using bifunctional materials (BFMs) represents a promising sustainable solution. In this study, a BFM composed of a Cr₂O₃/ZSM-5 catalyst and a CaO-CaZrO₃ sorbent was developed and tested for the integrated CO₂-oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (CO₂-ODHP) in a fixed bed reactor. The CaO-CaZrO₃ sorbent, prepared using the citrate sol-gel method, demonstrated high CO₂ adsorption capacity and improved cyclic stability compared to pure CaO. The BFM achieved 23.5% propane conversion, 52.5% propylene selectivity, and 68.7% olefin selectivity at isothermal adsorption-reaction conditions (630-630 °C). Overall, this study provides insights into enhancing CO2 adsorption and developing materials for integrated CO2 capture and conversion.
Baamran, Khaled↗
Proceedings of the Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference: Executive Summary
Aerospace environments are reviewed in reference to spacecraft charging. Modelling, a theoretical scheme which can be used to describe the structure of the sheath around the spacecraft and to calculate the charging currents within, is discussed. Materials characterization is considered for experimental determination of the behavior of typical spacecraft materials when exposed to simulated geomagnetic substorm conditions. Materials development is also examined for controlling and minimizing spacecraft charging or at least for distributing the charge in an equipotential manner, using electrical conductive surfaces for materials exposed to space environment.
Pike, C. P.↗
Critical Technologies for the Development of Future Space Elevator Systems
A space elevator is a tether structure extending through geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) to the surface of the earth. Its center of mass is in GEO such that it orbits the earth in sync with the earth s rotation. In 2004 and 2005, the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and the Institute for Scientific Research, Inc. worked under a cooperative agreement to research the feasibility of space elevator systems, and to advance the critical technologies required for the future development of space elevators for earth to orbit transportation. The discovery of carbon nanotubes in the early 1990's was the first indication that it might be possible to develop materials strong enough to make space elevator construction feasible. This report presents an overview of some of the latest NASA sponsored research on space elevator design, and the systems and materials that will be required to make space elevator construction possible. In conclusion, the most critical technology for earth-based space elevators is the successful development of ultra high strength carbon nanotube reinforced composites for ribbon construction in the 1OOGPa range. In addition, many intermediate technology goals and demonstration missions for the space elevator can provide significant advancements to other spaceflight and terrestrial applications.
Smitherman, David V., Jr.↗
Recent progress in terrestrial photovoltaic collector technology
The U.S. Photovoltaic Research and Development Program has the objective to develop the technology necessary to foster widespread grid-competitive electric power generation by the late 1980s. The flat-plate and the concentrator collector activities form the nucleus of the program. The project is concerned with the refining of silicon, silicon sheet production, solar cell processing and fabrication, encapsulation materials development, and collector design and production. The Large-Area Silicon Sheet Task has the objective to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of several methods for producing large area silicon sheet material suitable for fabricating low-cost, high-efficiency solar cells. It is expected that a variety of economic flat-plate and concentrator collectors will become commercially available for grid-connected applications.
Ferber, R. R.↗
Systematic Technology Evaluation Program for SiC-based BWR Channel Box
Silicon carbide (SiC) –based accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding of light water reactors (LWRs) has become a topic of great interest in nuclear material development since the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Extensive development of SiC cladding has identified benefits of the concept, including its inherent accident resistance and neutronic performance. Advancements achieved during the development of SiC-based ATF cladding have made it attractive for use in accident-tolerant cores of LWRs. In this document, we consider the use of SiC-based materials to replace the zirconium alloy used for the channel boxes of boiling water reactors. Both accident resistance and prevention of the bowing observed in current grades of channel boxes are needs driving the exploration of a new channel box system. To provide a pathway for channel box development, this document lays out (1) a current technology overview, (2) the technology gap, and (3) a systematic technology evaluation plan. The objectives of the technology evaluation plan are to address key feasibility issues revealed by the knowledge gap analysis and to contribute to advancing the technology readiness level. Further development will be required in the technology implementation phase. The technology evaluations include understanding the behavior of channel boxes under both normal and off-normal conditions, identifying potential mitigation strategies for the issues if necessary, and improving channel box performance based on the knowledge obtained. The structure of the technology evaluation plan and each task are shown in Figure S.1. The knowledge gap analysis identified key research areas, including irradiation effects, hydrothermal corrosion, accident behavior, and design and manufacture. These are common issues between SiC-based channel boxes and SiC-based fuel cladding, although technical evaluations specific for the channel box components are required. This document also describes details of the technical feasibility evaluation methods and plans.
22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗