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At least 559 records · Page 31

B-flavor tagging at Belle II

We report on new flavor tagging algorithms developed to determine the quark-flavor content of bottom (B) mesons at Belle II. The algorithms provide essential inputs for measurements of quark-flavor mixing and charge-parity violation. We validate and evaluate the performance of the algorithms using hadronic B decays with flavor-specific final states reconstructed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 62.8fb -1 , collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. We measure the total effective tagging efficiency to be ε eff = (30.0 ± 1.2(stat) ± 0.4(syst))% for a category-based algorithm and ε eff = (28.8 ± 1.2(stat) ± 0.4(syst))% for a deep learning-based algorithm.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

3D superconducting radio-frequency resonators for quantum computing

Superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) technology is being used not only in discovery science programs and basic research but also for several applications that benefit society more directly. The advantage of superconducting resonators over those made of normal-conducting metal is their ability to store electromagnetic energy with much lower dissipation. The high quality factor and longer dissipation time provided by these superconducting resonators can deliver superior performance. Currently, the quantum processing architecture uses resonators and interconnecting circuits operating in the microwave regime with superconducting strip-line technology and low noise electronic devices for switching and communication. The performance of these devices can be enhanced by embedding them in 3D SRF cavity resonators to prolong the coherence time, which improves the utility of the device by reducing error rates and allowing more manipulations (calculations) before the quantum state decays. In this presentation, I will review the current technology and progress towards the three dimensional SRF cavities to enhance the coherence time.

Dhakal, Pashupati↗

Search for single production of vector-like T quarks decaying into Ht or Zt in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper describes a search for the single production of an up-type vector-like quark (T) decaying as T → Ht or T → Zt. The search utilises a dataset of pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector during the 2015–2018 data-taking period of the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb ₋1 . Data are analysed in final states containing a single lepton with multiple jets and b-jets. The presence of boosted heavy resonances in the event is exploited to discriminate the signal from the Standard Model background. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed, and 95% CL upper limits are set on the production cross section of T quarks in different decay channels. The results are interpreted in several benchmark scenarios to set limits on the mass and universal coupling strength (κ) of the vector-like quark. For singlet T quarks, κ values above 0.53 are excluded for all masses below 2.3 TeV. At a mass of 1.6 TeV, κ values as low as 0.35 are excluded. For T quarks in the doublet scenario, where the production cross section is much lower, κ values above 0.72 are excluded for all masses below 1.7 TeV, and this exclusion is extended to κ above 0.55 for low masses around 1.0 TeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for the dark photon in B 0 → A'A', A' → e + e – , μ + μ – , and π + π – decays at Belle

We present a search for the dark photon A' in the B 0 → A'A' decays, where A' subsequently decays to e + e – , μ + μ – , and π + π – . The search is performed by analyzing 772 × 10 6 $B$$\overline{B}$ events collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB e + e – energy-asymmetric collider at the Υ(4S) resonance. No signal is found in the dark photon mass range 0.01 GeV/c 2 ≤ m A' ≤ 2.62 GeV/c 2 , and we set upper limits of the branching fraction of B0 → A'A' at the 90% confidence level. The products of branching fractions, B(B 0 →A'A')×B(A'→e + e – ) 2 and B(B 0 →A'A')×B(A'→μ + μ – ) 2 , have limits of the order of 10 –8 depending on the A' mass. Furthermore, considering A' decay rate to each pair of charged particles, the upper limits of B(B 0 →A'A') are of the order of 10 –8 –10 –5 . From the upper limits of B(B 0 →A'A'), we obtain the Higgs portal coupling for each assumed dark photon and dark Higgs mass. The Higgs portal couplings are of the order of 10 –2 –10 –1 at m h' ≃m B 0 ± 40 MeV/c 2 and 10 –1 –1 at m h' ≃m B 0 ± 3 GeV/c 2 .

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

TLS characterization using multilevel decay of a fixed-frequency transmon

Transmon qubits are a cornerstone of superconducting quantum computing platforms, yet their coherence times often exhibit temporal fluctuations that degrade processor performance. These variations are commonly attributed to shifts in the resonance frequencies of individual two-level systems (TLSs) near the qubit transition. In this study, we monitor the lifetimes of multiple energy levels of a fixed-frequency transmon and examine their temporal correlations. Our measurements reveal that one or more TLSs—detuned by more than 100 MHz from the qubit transition—can still significantly influence coherence. The proposed method provides a powerful tool for TLS spectroscopy without the need to tune the transmon frequency, either via a flux-tunable inductor or AC-Stark shifts.

Roy, Tanay [Fermilab] (ORCID:000000019442862X)↗

TLS characterization using multilevel decay of a fixed-frequency transmon

Transmon qubits are a cornerstone of superconducting quantum computing platforms, yet their coherence times often exhibit temporal fluctuations that degrade processor performance. These variations are commonly attributed to shifts in the resonance frequencies of individual two-level systems (TLSs) near the qubit transition. In this study, we monitor the lifetimes of multiple energy levels of a fixed-frequency transmon and examine their temporal correlations. Our measurements reveal that one or more TLSs—detuned by more than 100 MHz from the qubit transition—can still significantly influence coherence. The proposed method provides a powerful tool for TLS spectroscopy without the need to tune the transmon frequency, either via a flux-tunable inductor or AC-Stark shifts.

Roy, Tanay [Fermilab] (ORCID:000000019442862X)↗

Observation of the Open-Charm Tetraquark Candidate T c s 0 * ( 2870 ) 0 in the B − → D − D 0 K S 0 Decay

An amplitude analysis of B − → D − D 0 K S 0 decays is performed using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb − 1 , collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. A resonant structure of spin-parity 0 + is observed in the D 0 K S 0 invariant-mass spectrum with a significance of 5.3 σ . The mass and width of the state, modeled with a Breit-Wigner line shape, are determined to be 2883 ± 11 ± 8 MeV / c 2 and 87 − 47 + 22 ± 17 MeV , respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. These properties and the quark content are consistent with those of the open-charm tetraquark candidate T c s 0 * ( 2870 ) 0 observed previously in the D + K − final state of the B − → D − D + K − decay. This result confirms the existence of the T c s 0 * ( 2870 ) 0 state in a new decay mode. The T c s 1 * ( 2900 ) 0 state, reported in the B − → D − D + K − decay, is also searched for in the D 0 K S 0 invariant-mass spectrum of the B − → D − D 0 K S 0 decay, without finding evidence for it. © 2025 CERN, for the LHCb Collaboration 2025 CERN

Aaij, R. (ORCID:0000000305331952)↗

Increasing the Stability of Deep Blue Phosphor‐Sensitized OLEDs Using the Polariton‐Enhanced Purcell Effect

Abstract The stability of efficient, deep blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) remains a major challenge in the field of organic electronics. Poor device stability originates from the high probability for destructive non‐radiative triplet exciton annihilation events. Phosphor‐sensitized fluorescence (PSF) is proposed to achieve an efficient, deep blue color by energy transfer from phosphors to fluorophores. Recently, the polariton‐enhanced Purcell (PEP) effect is introduced to decrease the triplet radiative lifetime and density, resulting in an increase in blue phosphorescent OLED lifetime. Here, the PEP effect is introduced to enhance the stability of the PSF‐OLEDs. It is shown that the PEP effect increases all radiative decay rates of the phosphors and fluorophores, leading to a reduction in the triplet annihilation events. Using a Pt‐complex phosphor sensitizer and a so‐called multi‐resonance fluorescent emitter in a PEP cavity, a 3.1‐fold lifetime increase is observed at a current density ofJ= 10 mA cm −2 , reduced EQE roll‐off and deep blue color with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.13, 0.09). The PEP effect maximally extends PSF‐OLED lifetimes in devices with the highest triplet‐to‐singlet energy transfer rates. Moreover, this work suggests that the benefits of PEPs apply to all triplet‐based OLEDs.

Chemistry↗

First measurement of coherent ρ 0 photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Xe–Xe collisions at s NN = 5.44 TeV

The first measurement of the coherent photoproduction of ρ 0 vector mesons in ultra-peripheral Xe–Xe collisions at s NN = 5.44 TeV is presented. This result, together with previous HERA γ p data and γ –Pb measurements from ALICE, describes the atomic number ( A ) dependence of this process, which is particularly sensitive to nuclear shadowing effects and to the approach to the black-disc limit of QCD at a semi-hard scale. The cross section of the Xe + Xe → ρ 0 + Xe + Xe process, measured at midrapidity through the decay channel ρ 0 → π + π – , is found to be d σ / d y = 131.5 ± 5.6 ( stat . ) – 16.9 + 17.5 ( syst . ) mb. The ratio of the continuum to resonant contributions for the production of pion pairs is also measured. In addition, the fraction of events accompanied by electromagnetic dissociation of either one or both colliding nuclei is reported. The dependence on A of cross section for the coherent ρ 0 photoproduction at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon of the γA system of W γ A , n = 65 GeV is found to be consistent with a power-law behaviour σ ( γ A → ρ 0 A ) ∝ A α with a slope α = 0.96 ± 0.02 ( syst . ) . This slope signals important shadowing effects, but it is still far from the behaviour expected in the black-disc limit.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Measurement of K*(892) ± production in inelastic pp collisions at the LHC

The first results on K*(892) ± resonance production in inelastic pp collisions at LHC energies of √s = 5.02, 8, and 13 TeV are presented. The K*(892) ± has been reconstructed via its hadronic decay channel K*(892)→±K$^0_S$ +π ± with the ALICE detector. Measurements of transverse momentum distributions, p T -integrated yields, and mean transverse momenta for charged K*(892) are found to be consistent with previous ALICE measurements for neutral K*(892) within uncertainties. For p T >1 GeV/c the K*(892) ± transverse momentum spectra become harder with increasing centre-of-mass energy from 5.02 to 13 TeV, similar to what previously observed for charged kaons and pions. For p T < GeV/c the K*(892) ± yield does not evolve significantly and the abundance of K*(892) ± relative to K is rather independent of the collision energy. The transverse momentum spectra, measured for K*(892) ± at midrapidity in the interval 0 < p T <15 GeV/c, are not well described by predictions of different versions of PYTHIA 6, PYTHIA 8 and EPOS-LHC event generators. These generators reproduce the measured p T -integrated K *± /K ratios and describe well the momentum dependence for p T <2 GeV/c.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

First observation of B → $\bar{D}$ 1 (→ $\bar{D}$ π + π - ) $\ell$ + ν $\ell$ and measurement of the B → $\bar{D}$ (*) π$\ell$ + ν $\ell$ and B → $\bar{D}$ (*) π + π - $\ell$+ ν $\ell$ branching fractions with hadronic tagging at Belle

We report measurements of the ratios of branching fractions for B → $\bar{D}$(*) π$\ell$+ v $\ell$ and B → $\bar{D}$(*)π + π - $\ell$ + v $\ell$ relative to B → $\bar{D}$*$\ell$ + v $\ell$ decays with $\ell$ = e, μ. These results are obtained from a data sample that contains 772 × 10 6 $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected near the $\Upsilon$(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e + e - collider.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Strong Evidence for N 9 and the Limits of Existence of Atomic Nuclei

The boundaries of the Chart of Nuclides contain exotic isotopes that possess extreme proton-to-neutron asymmetries. Here we report on strong evidence of 9 N, one of the most exotic proton-rich isotopes where more than one half of its constitute nucleons are unbound. With seven protons and two neutrons, this extremely proton-rich system would represent the first-known example of a ground-state five-proton emitter. Here, the invariant-mass spectrum of its decay products can be fit with two peaks whose energies are consistent with the theoretical predictions of an open-quantum-system approach, however we cannot rule out the possibility that only a single resonance-like peak is present in the spectrum.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Primary $\gamma$-ray intensities and $\gamma$-strength functions from discrete two-step $\gamma$-ray cascades in radiative proton-capture experiments

Background: Reaction rates of radiative capture reactions can play a crucial role in the nucleosynthesis of heavy nuclei in explosive stellar environments. These reaction rates depend strongly on $\gamma$-ray decay widths in the reaction products, which are, for nonresonant capture reactions at high excitation energies, derived from the $\gamma$-ray strength function and the nuclear level density. Recently, the ratio method was applied to primary $\gamma$ rays observed from ($\textit{d, p}$) reactions and nuclear resonance fluorescence measurements to extract the dipole strength in atomic nuclei and to test the generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to apply the ratio method to primary $\gamma$-ray intensities of the 63,65 Cu($\textit{p},\gamma$) reactions to extract $\gamma$-ray strength information on the nuclei 64,66 Zn. Here, the impact of spin distribution, total $\gamma$-ray decay widths, level densities, and width fluctuations on the application of the ratio method will be discussed. Additionally, by comparing the relative $\gamma$-ray strength at different excitation energies, conclusions on the validity of the generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis can be made. Method: The radiative proton capture reaction measurements have been performed at the HORUS $\gamma$-ray spectrometer of the University of Cologne at one excitation energy for each reaction. Primary $\gamma$-ray intensities have been determined by normalizing secondary $\gamma$-ray transitions in two-step cascades using their absolute branching ratio. The ratio method was applied to the measured primary $\gamma$-ray intensities as well as to previous measurements by Erlandsson et al. at different excitation energies. Results: The relative strength function curve for 64 Zn from our measurement shows no significant deviation from the previous measurement at a different excitation energy. The same is true for 66 Zn where both measurements were at almost the same excitation energy. Absolute $\gamma$-strength function values have been obtained by normalizing the relative curves to quasiparticle random phase approximation calculations because of the absence of experimental data in the respective energy region. Conclusion: The generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis, i.e., the independence of the strength function on the excitation energy, seems to hold in the studied energy region and nuclei. The method to obtain primary $\gamma$-ray intensities from two-step cascade spectra was shown to be a valuable and sensitive tool although its uncertainties are connected to the knowledge of the low-energy level scheme of the investigated nucleus. The scaling in the ratio method should be taken with care, because the relative strength is not a simple sum of $f_{E1}$ and $f_{M1}$ but a somewhat complex linear combination dependent on the excitation energy of the nucleus.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Improved Characterization of Soil Organic Matter by Integrating FT-ICR MS, Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, and Molecular Networking: A Case Study of Root Litter Decay under Drought Conditions

Understanding of how soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry is altered in a changing climate has advanced considerably; however, most SOM components remain unidentified, impeding the ability to characterize a major fraction of organic matter and predict what types of molecules, and from which sources, will persist in soil. Here we present a novel approach to better characterize SOM extracts by integrating information from three types of analyses, and we deploy this method to characterize decaying root-detritus soil microcosms subjected to either drought or normal conditions. To observe broad differences in composition, we employed direct infusion Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (DI-FT-ICR MS). We complemented this with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify components by library matching. Since libraries contain only a small fraction of SOM components, we also used fragment spectral cosine similarity scores to relate unknowns and library matches through molecular networks. This integrated approach allowed us to corroborate DI-FT-ICR MS molecular formulas using library matches, which included fungal metabolites and related polyphenolic compounds. We also inferred structures of unknowns from molecular networks and improved LC-MS/MS annotation rates from ~5 to 35% by considering DI-FT-ICR MS molecular formula assignments. Under drought conditions, we found greater relative amounts of lignin-like vs condensed aromatic polyphenol formulas and lower average nominal oxidation state of carbon, suggesting reduced decomposition of SOM and/or microbes under stress. Our integrated approach provides a framework for enhanced annotation of SOM components that is more comprehensive than performing individual data analyses in parallel.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Autoionizing polaritons with the Jaynes-Cummings model

Intense laser pulses have the capability to couple resonances in the continuum, leading to the formation of a split pair of autoionizing polaritons. These polaritons can exhibit extended lifetimes due to interference between radiative and Auger decay channels. In this work we show how an extension of the Jaynes-Cummings model to autoionizing states quantitatively reproduces the observed phenomenology. Furthermore, this extended model allows us to study how the dressing laser parameters can be tuned to control the ionization rate of the polariton multiplet.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Optical radiation from regions downstream of mercury bombardment thrusters.

Use of a 0.5-m focal length, plane grating monochromator to measure the radiance of spectral radiation emanating from regions downstream of a mercury bombardment thrustor in the wavelength range investigated was 2800 to 6000 A. This radiation was due primarily to the radiative decay of excited mercury atoms exhausted from the thrustor. Radiance values ranged from 10 to the minus 11th to 10 to the min scm/ster varying with wavelength. For resonant radiation, the spectral radiance may exceed 10 to the minus 8th W/sq cm/ster. From such radiance measurements, it was concluded that the thrustor background radiation should not interfere with the control functions of a star tracker viewing through the thrustor exhaust, provided that the tracker is designed to operate with a sufficiently small field of view. Problems may be encountered, however, during the spacecraft acquisition phase where a larger field of view may be required. Here the thrustor exhaust radiation may be comparable to the star light flux. This problem may be circumvented by locating the tracker view axis so as not to view downstream of the thrustor.

Milder, N. L.↗