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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 595 records · Page 33
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

femto-PIXAR: a self-supervised neural network method for reconstructing femtosecond X-ray free electron laser pulses

X-ray Free Electron Lasers (X-FELs) operate in a wide range of lasing configurations for a broad variety of scientific applications at ultrafast time-scales such as structural biology, materials science, and atomic and molecular physics. Shot-by-shot characterization of the X-FEL pulses is crucial for analysis of many experiments as well as tuning the X-FEL performance. However, for the weak pulses found in advanced configurations, e.g. those needed for coherent, two-pulse studies of quantum materials, there is no current method for reliably resolving pulse profiles. Here we show that a physics-based U-net model can reconstruct the individual pulse power profiles for sub-picosecond pulse separation without the need for simulations. Using experimental data from weak X-FEL pulse pairs, we demonstrate we can learn the pulse characteristics on a shot-by-shot basis when conventional methods fail.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

In Vitro Calcite Crystal Morphology Is Modulated by Otoconial Proteins Otolin-1 and Otoconin-90

Otoconia are formed embryonically and are instrumental in detecting linear acceleration and gravity. Degeneration and fragmentation of otoconia in elderly patients leads to imbalance resulting in higher frequency of falls that are positively correlated with the incidence of bone fractures and death. In this work we investigate the roles otoconial proteins Otolin-1 and Otoconin 90 (OC90) perform in the formation of otoconia. We demonstrate by rotary shadowing and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments that Otolin-1 forms homomeric protein complexes and self-assembled networks supporting the hypothesis that Otolin-1 serves as a scaffold protein of otoconia. Our calcium carbonate crystal growth data demonstrate that Otolin-1 and OC90 modulate in vitro calcite crystal morphology but neither protein is sufficient to produce the shape of otoconia. Coadministration of these proteins produces synergistic effects on crystal morphology that contribute to morphology resembling otoconia.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Beam-Induced Effects and Radiological Issues in High-Intensity High-Energy Fixed Target Experiments

The next generation of accelerators for Megawatt proton and heavy-ion beams moves us into a completely new domain of extreme specific energies of up to 0.1 MJ/g (Megajoule/gram) and specific power up to 1 TW/g (Terawatt/gram) in beam interactions with matter. This paper is focused on deleterious effects of controlled and uncontrolled impacts of high-intensity beams on components of beam-lines, target stations, beam absorbers, shielding and environment. Two new experiments at Fermilab are taken as an example. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will explore the interactions and transformations of the world's highest-intensity neutrino beam by sending it from Fermilab more than 1,000 kilometers through the Earth's mantle to a large liquid argon detector. The Mu2e experiment is devoted to studies of the conversion of a negative muon to electron in the field of a nucleus without emission of neutrinos.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Realization, Timeline, Challenges and Ultimate Limits of Future Colliders

We present a summary of the Snowmass’21 Accelerator Frontier discussions on the future collider facilities for HEP and possible implementation scenarios and challenges. The main findings of the Implementation Task Force on the required R&D duration and construction cost will be discussed. We also take a look into the possible limits of ultimate colliders in terms of energy, luminosity, size, cost, power, and timeline.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Tunable Q-Factor Gas-Filled RF Cavity

Fermilab is the main institution to produce the most powerful and wide-spectrum neutrino beam. From that respective, a radiation robust beam diagnostic system is a critical element in order to maintain the quality of the neutrino beam. Within this context, a novel radiation-resistive beam profile monitor based on a gas-filled RF cavity has been proposed. The goal of this measurement is to study a tunable Q-factor RF cavity to determine the accuracy of the RF signal as a function of the quality factor. Specifically, the measurement error of the Q-factor in the RF calibration is investigated. Then, the RF system will be improved to minimize signal error.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Intense Neutrino Source Front End Beam Diagnostics System R&D

We overview the front end beam diagnostic system R&D to prepare operation of a multi-MW proton beam for intensity frontier Neutrino experiments. One of critical issues is shorter life time of a detector with higher beam intensity due to radiation damage. We show a possible improvement of the existing ion chamber based detector, and a study of a conceptually new radiation-robust detector which is based on a gas-filled RF resonator.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Extending the Remote Control Capabilities in the CMS Detector Control System with Remote Procedure Call Services

The CMS Detector Control System (DCS) is implemented as a large distributed and redundant system, with applications interacting and sharing data in multiple ways. The CMS XML-RPC is a software toolkit implementing the standard Remote Procedure Call (RPC) protocol, using the Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) and a custom lightweight variant using the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) to model, encode and expose resources through the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The CMS XML-RPC toolkit complies with the standard specification of the XML-RPC protocol that allows system developers to build collaborative software architectures with self-contained and reusable logic, and with encapsulation of well-defined processes. The implementation of this protocol introduces not only a powerful communication method to operate and exchange data with web-based applications, but also a new programming paradigm to design service-oriented software architectures within the CMS DCS domain. This paper presents details of the CMS XML-RPC implementation in WinCC Open Architecture (OA) Control Language using an object-oriented approach.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Lessons from commissioning of the cryogenic system for the Short-Baseline Neutrino Detector at Fermilab

Results from commissioning and first year of operations of the cryogenic system of the Short-Baseline Neutrino Detector (SBND) and its membrane cryostat installed at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory are described. The SBND detector is installed in a 200 m$^3$ membrane cryostat filled with liquid argon, which serves both as target and as active media. For the correct operation of the detector, the liquid argon must be kept in very stable thermal conditions while the contamination of electronegative impurities must be consistently kept at the level of small fractions of parts per billion. The detector is operated in Booster Neutrino Beams (BNB) at Fermilab for the search of sterile neutrinos and measurements of neutrino-argon cross sections. The cryostat and the cryogenic systems also serve as prototypes for the much larger equipment to be used for the LBNF/DUNE experiment. Since its installation in 2018-2023 and cooldown in spring of 2024, the cryostat and the cryogenic system have been commissioned to support the detector operations. The lessons learned through installation, testing, commissioning, cooldown, and initial operations are described.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Design Specification for Beam Containment System Ion Chamber Gas Systems

Ionization chambers are used at SLAC as protection devices near collimators, dumps and areas where beam loss must be limited through engineering controls. The two detector technologies considered in this note are Protection Ionization Chambers (PICs) and Long Ionization Chambers (LIONs). The ionization chambers are typically installed in redundant pairs and are set by introducing a controlled beam loss and using the measurements to determine a trip current setting. As such, the trip setting for any installation is specific to the system and is usually reestablished following any change in the system (change of gas, operating pressure, detector placement).

Accelerators↗
DOE OSTI2012

Fundamental Research in Superconducting RF Cavity Design

This is a 3-year SRF R&D proposal with two main goals: 1) to benefit near term high gradient SRF applications by understanding the causes of quench at high fields in present-day niobium cavities 2) to open the long-range prospects for SRF applications by experimentally verifying the recent exciting theoretical predication for new cavity materials such as Nb 3 Sn and MgB 2 . These predictions show that ultimately gradients of 100Mv/m to 200MV/m may become possible as material imperfections are overcome.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

CAPTAIN-Minerνa. Neutrino-Argon Scattering in a Medium-Energy Neutrino Beam

The NuMI facility at Fermilab is currently providing an extremely intense beam of neutrinos for the NOνA, MINERνA and MINOS+ experiments. By installing the 5-ton CAPTAIN liquid argon TPC in front of the MINERνA detector in the NuMI beamline and combining the data from the CAPTAIN, MINERνA and MINOS+ detectors, a broad program of few-GeV neutrino cross section measurements on argon can be pursued. These measurements will be extremely helpful for future oscillation experiments. By directly comparing the cross sections on argon to MINERνA’s scintillator (CH) target, a new level of precision can be achieved in the measurements of the effects of the nucleus on neutrino interactions. These effects are of interest to not only the particle physics but also the nuclear physics community. This document describes in detail the physics goals of the CAPTAIN-MINERνA experiment, in addition to a first estimate of the technical resources required to install, commission and operate the CAPTAIN detector in front of the MINERVA detector.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Research and Development for the Mu2e Extinction Monitor

Mu2e is a planned experiment to search for flavor-violating conversion from a muon to an electron. The experiment will use a pulsed 8 GeV proton beam to produce muons which will then stop in an aluminum target. Mu2e will search for the $\mu^- + Al \rightarrow e^- + Al$ process. For Mu2e, an extinction rate of 10$^{-10}$ is required to reduce the backgrounds to an acceptable level. Extinction is the ratio of the amount of protons striking the production target between beam pulses to the number striking it during the beam pulse. One of the backgrounds, off-target interactions, was simulated using G4beamline and Fermilab's Grid setup to confirm that an extinction rate of 10$^{-10}$ is possible. The extinction level will be measured by the extinction monitor which will include scintillation counters read out by photomultiplier tubes. In order to build a beam time profile, low fake responses (after pulses) are needed in the photomultiplier tubes. This thesis determines the best combination of resistors, voltage, and other components that provide the lowest after pulse rate.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Graduate Student Program in Materials and Engineering Research and Development for Future Accelerators

The objective of the proposal was to develop graduate student training in materials and engineering research relevant to the development of particle accelerators. Many components used in today's accelerators or storage rings are at the limit of performance. The path forward in many cases requires the development of new materials or fabrication techniques, or a novel engineering approach. Often, accelerator-based laboratories find it difficult to get top-level engineers or materials experts with the motivation to work on these problems. The three years of funding provided by this grant was used to support development of accelerator components through a multidisciplinary approach that cut across the disciplinary boundaries of accelerator physics, materials science, and surface chemistry. The following results were achieved: (1) significant scientific results on fabrication of novel photocathodes, (2) application of surface science and superconducting materials expertise to accelerator problems through faculty involvement, (3) development of instrumentation for fabrication and characterization of materials for accelerator components, (4) student involvement with problems at the interface of material science and accelerator physics.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗