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DOE OSTI2019

Hadronic tau decays as new physics probes in the LHC era

We analyze the sensitivity of hadronic τ decays to nonstandard interactions within the model-independent framework of the standard model effective field theory. Both exclusive and inclusive decays are studied, using the latest lattice data and QCD dispersion relations. We show that there are enough theoretically clean channels to disentangle all the effective couplings contributing to these decays, with the τ → ππν τ channel representing an unexpected powerful new physics probe. We find that the ratios of nonstandard couplings to the Fermi constant are bound at the subpercent level. These bounds are complementary to the ones from electroweak precision observables and pp → τν τ measurements at the LHC. The combination of τ decay and LHC data puts tighter constraints on lepton universality violation in the gauge boson-lepton vertex corrections.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2020

An Integrated Multiscale Experimental-Numerical Analysis on Reconsolidation of Salt-Clay Mixture for Disposal of Heat-Generating Waste (Final NEUP Technical Report)

The overall purpose of this research is to improve understanding of THMC coupling effect on the reconsolidation of granular (or crushed) salt-clay mixture used for seal systems of shafts and drifts in salt repositories. This proposed work is partially motivated by the recent work on the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) that shows the promising sealing capability of clay-salt mixture compared to crushed salt. In particular, primary emphasis is to develop a fully integrated multiscale experiment-numerical study to determine and explain what leads to the superior sealing ability of the clay-salt mixture. These research activities are designed to seek further understanding of (1) why clay additives may enhance the fluid trapping and (2) whether this flow barrier effect may prevail under different combinations of temperature, confining pressure, deviatoric stress and other foreseeable environmental factors. If successful, this enhanced flow trapping ability of the seal provides significant improvement to the seal and repository performance and therefore make the repository safer in the long-term. The experiment component includes microstructural investigation and macroscopic tests on a reconsolidated salt-clay mixture. In the microstructural study, the goal is to (1) characterize microscopic distributions of distinct phases (e.g., clay, salt crystal boundaries, trapped brine, and pore) to examine the connectivity of the pore network inside the salt-clay mixture with different amounts of clay additive and moisture content and (2) analyze multiscale imaging data to reconstruct the polycrystalline microstructures for numerical simulations. Meanwhile, macroscopic tests are performed to analyze how clay alters the failure/creep mechanisms in the salt-clay mixture. Microscopic and macroscopic experimental observations will both be used to calibrate and validate a multiscale model that explicitly simulates the capillary and multiphase flow in the connected pores and the deformation due to the presence of intra-crystalline brine at the pore scale via a new polyhedral discrete element–lattice Boltzmann method (DEM-LBM) coupling model. The pore-scale simulations are homogenized via an upscaling procedure that converts pore-scale information (e.g. force exerted on grain boundary, sliding, pressure-solution) to continuum measures (e.g. Cauchy stress, Darcy’s flow) at each integration point in the macroscopic multiphase TMHC model. This multiscale scheme will allow coupling be- tween high-fidelity simulations of brine-salt-clay interaction and the macroscopic TMHC model. The multiscale model helps the understanding of how the trapped brine inclusion affects the pressure-solution mechanism with the presence of clay and moisture. This work brings new insight into the sealing capacity of salt-clay mixture under elevated temperature over a long period of time - a key to evaluating the potential of salt-clay mixture usage for salt repositories.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2014

Neutron spin structure with polarized deuterons and spectator proton tagging at EIC

The neutron's deep-inelastic structure functions provide essential information for the flavor separation of the nucleon parton densities, the nucleon spin decomposition, and precision studies of QCD phenomena in the flavor-singlet and nonsinglet sectors. Thus, traditional inclusive measurements on nuclear targets are limited by dilution from scattering on protons, Fermi motion and binding effects, final-state interactions, and nuclear shadowing at x << 0.1. An Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) would enable next-generation measurements of neutron structure with polarized deuteron beams and detection of forward-moving spectator protons over a wide range of recoil momenta (0 < pR << several 100 MeV in the nucleus rest frame). The free neutron structure functions could be obtained by extrapolating the measured recoil momentum distributions to the on-shell point. The method eliminates nuclear modifications and can be applied to polarized scattering, as well as to semi-inclusive and exclusive final states. We review the prospects for neutron structure measurements with spectator tagging at EIC, the status of R&D efforts, and the accelerator and detector requirements.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2014

Polarized light ions and spectator nucleon tagging at EIC

The neutron's deep-inelastic structure functions provide essential information for the flavor separation of the nucleon parton densities, the nucleon spin decomposition, and precision studies of QCD phenomena in the flavor-singlet and nonsinglet sectors. Traditional inclusive measurements on nuclear targets are limited by dilution from scattering on protons, Fermi motion and binding effects, final-state interactions, and nuclear shadowing at x ll 0.1. An Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) would enable next-generation measurements of neutron structure with polarized deuteron beams and detection of forward-moving spectator protons over a wide range of recoil momenta (0 < p(R) < several 100MeV in the nucleus rest frame). The free neutron structure functions could be obtained by extrapolating the measured recoil momentum distributions to the on-shell point. The method eliminates nuclear modifications and can be applied to polarized scattering, as well as to semi-inclusive and exclusive final states. We review the prospects for neutron structure measurements with spectator tagging at EIC, the status of R&D efforts, and the accelerator and detector requirements.

Guzey, Vadim↗

DOE OSTI2014

Simplified Models for Dark Matter and Missing Energy Searches at the LHC

The study of collision events with missing energy as searches for the dark matter (DM) component of the Universe are an essential part of the extensive program looking for new physics at the LHC. Given the unknown nature of DM, the interpretation of such searches should be made broad and inclusive. This report reviews the usage of simplified models in the interpretation of missing energy searches. We begin with a brief discussion of the utility and limitation of the effective field theory approach to this problem. The bulk of the report is then devoted to several different simplified models and their signatures, including s-channel and t-channel processes. A common feature of simplified models for DM is the presence of additional particles that mediate the interactions between the Standard Model and the particle that makes up DM. We consider these in detail and emphasize the importance of their inclusion as final states in any coherent interpretation. We also review some of the experimental progress in the field, new signatures, and other aspects of the searches themselves. We conclude with comments and recommendations regarding the use of simplified models in Run-II of the LHC.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2015

Lattice model of linear telechelic polymer melts. I. Inclusion of chain semiflexibility in the lattice cluster theory

The lattice cluster theory (LCT) for the thermodynamics of polymer systems has recently been reformulated to treat strongly interacting self-assembling polymers composed of fully flexible linear telechelic chains [J. Dudowicz and K. F. Freed, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 064902 (2012)]. Here, we further extend the LCT for linear telechelic polymer melts to include a description of chain semiflexibility, which is treated by introducing a bending energy penalty whenever a pair of consecutive bonds from a single chain lies along orthogonal directions. An analytical expression for the Helmholtz free energy is derived for the model of semiflexible linear telechelic polymer melts. The extension provides a theoretical tool for investigating the influence of chain stiffness on the thermodynamics of self-assembling telechelic polymers, and for further exploring the influence of self-assembly on glass formation in such systems.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2019

Theory of Surrogate Nuclear and Atomic Reactions with Three Charged Particles in the Final State Proceeding Through a Resonance in the Intermediate Subsystem

Within a few-body formalism, we develop a general theory of surrogate nuclear and atomic reactions with excitation of a resonance in the intermediate binary subsystem leading to three charged particles in the final state. Additionally, the Coulomb interactions between the spectator and the resonance in the intermediate state and between the three particles in the final state are taken into account. Final-state three-body Coulomb multiple-scattering effects are accounted for using the formalism of the three-body Coulomb asymptotic states based on the work published by one of the authors (A.M.M.) under the guidance of L. D. Faddeev. The formalism of the three-body Coulomb asymptotic states (CAS) was used to calculate the reaction amplitudes with three charged particles in the final state. An expression is derived for the triply differential cross section. It can be used for investigation of the Coulomb effects on the resonance line shape as well as the energy dependence of the cross section. In conclusion, we find that simultaneous inclusion of the Coulomb effects in the intermediate and final state decreases the effect of the final-state Coulomb interactions on the triply differential cross section.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2026

Measuring the neutrino-oxygen neutral current quasielastic cross section using the accelerator neutrino neutron interaction experiment

The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is a 26-ton gadolinium-doped water Cherenkov detector located on-axis to Fermilab’s Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB). ANNIE is uniquely positioned to perform high-statistics measurements of neutrino-nucleus interactions in water, benefiting from a large neutrino flux due to a short (100-meter) baseline. A central focus of ANNIE’s physics program is the measurement of both charged current (CC) and neutral current (NC) cross sections on water, including neutral current quasielastic (NCQE) and CC-inclusive channels. The NCQE measurement is particularly critical for constraining uncertainties in rare-event searches such as the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB), where atmospheric $\nu$NCQE interactions constitute a significant and poorly constrained background. This dissertation presents a measurement of the flux-averaged neutrino-oxygen neutral current quasielastic ($\nu$NCQE) cross section using $2.573 \times 10^{20}$~POT of BNB exposure from the 2022 and 2023 beam years. The $\nu$NCQE interaction is identified through the primary $\gamma$-rays produced by nuclear de-excitation of the residual $^{15}$N$^*$ or $^{15}$O$^*$ nucleus following nucleon knockout from $^{16}$O. A dedicated Monte Carlo (MC) re-tuning campaign was conducted using an americium-beryllium (AmBe) calibration source, Michel electrons from stopped muons, and throughgoing dirt muons originating upstream of the detector. This multi-sample approach provided a wide-ranging $\mathcal{O}(\text{MeV})$--$\mathcal{O}(\text{GeV})$ dataset for tuning the simulated detector response, which was subsequently validated against AmBe neutron and Michel electron data for use in the $\nu$NCQE analysis. A dedicated laser calibration campaign was carried out to reduce timing uncertainties across the PMT system, enabling reconstruction of the BNB bunch substructure with sufficient resolution to serve as a background rejection tool. By selecting events in-time with individual neutrino bunches, beam-correlated $\nu$NCQE events are separated from diffuse and accelerator-induced backgrounds, notably skyshine neutrons and externally-originating events, that would otherwise dominate traditional charge-based selections within a small-scale, surface-level, short-baseline detector. A data-driven estimation of the skyshine neutron and external background rates was performed and incorporated into the systematic uncertainty budget. The flux-averaged $\nu$NCQE cross section on oxygen is measured to be $1.57 \pm 0.06\,(\text{stat.})$ $^{+0.91}_{-0.67}\,(\text{syst.})$ $\times 10^{-38}\ \text{cm}^{2}$. A full systematic budget is constructed by propagating uncertainties in the secondary hadronic interaction modeling, background cross section normalizations, detector response, neutrino flux, and the primary $\gamma$-ray emission probabilities from oxygen nuclear de-excitation. An idealized de-excitation model, constructed from existing measurements in the literature is developed to benchmark the predictions of the \textsc{GENIE} event generator. A comparison reveals that \textsc{GENIE} systematically overpredicts the primary $\gamma$-ray emission probability from oxygen de-excitation by a factor of $1.49\times$ for $E_\gamma > 6$~MeV and $3.07\times$ in the $3$--$6$~MeV band. This comparison motivates the dominant systematic uncertainty in this analysis, where a conservative uncertainty of $^{+39.9\%}_{-0\%}$ on the primary $\gamma$-ray signal prediction is assigned. The ANNIE result is consistent with and complementary to existing flux-averaged $\nu$NCQE cross section measurements from T2K and Super-Kamiokande, providing an independent measurement with a different detector, neutrino beam, and analysis methodology. Looking ahead, an upgrade to the ANNIE DAQ infrastructure enabling continuous extended readout will allow a complementary $\nu$NCQE neutron multiplicity measurement, directly relevant to constraining the NCQE background in DSNB searches, competitive with the recent T2K measurement at SK-Gd. The planned Super-SANDI upgrade, deploying a large Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS) volume, will further extend ANNIE's reach to hadronic final states and exclusive NC channels, and enable joint measurements with liquid argon detectors sharing the BNB beamline ahead of DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande.

Doran, Steven [Iowa State U.]↗

DOE OSTI2025

Quantum simulation of boson-related Hamiltonians: techniques, effective Hamiltonian construction, and error analysis

Elementary quantum mechanics proposes that a closed physical system consistently evolves in a reversible manner. However, control and readout necessitate the coupling of the quantum system to the external environment, subjecting it to relaxation and decoherence. Consequently, system-environment interactions are indispensable for simulating physically significant theories. A broad spectrum of physical systems in condensed-matter and high-energy physics, vibrational spectroscopy, and circuit and cavity QED necessitates the incorporation of bosonic degrees of freedom, such as phonons, photons, and gluons, into optimized fermion algorithms for near-future quantum simulations. In particular, when a quantum system is surrounded by an external environment, its basic physics can usually be simplified to a spin or fermionic system interacting with bosonic modes. Nevertheless, troublesome factors such as the magnitude of the bosonic degrees of freedom typically complicate the direct quantum simulation of these interacting models, necessitating the consideration of a comprehensive plan. This strategy should specifically include a suitable fermion/boson-to-qubit mapping scheme to encode sufficiently large yet manageable bosonic modes, and a method for truncating and/or downfolding the Hamiltonian to the defined subspace for performing an approximate but highly accurate simulation, guided by rigorous error analysis. In this pedagogical tutorial review, we aim to provide such an exhaustive strategy, focusing on encoding and simulating certain bosonic-related model Hamiltonians, inclusive of their static properties and time evolutions. Specifically, we emphasize two aspects: (1) the discussion of recently developed quantum algorithms for these interacting models and the construction of effective Hamiltonians, and (2) a detailed analysis regarding a tightened error bound for truncating the bosonic modes for a class of fermion-boson interacting Hamiltonians.

bosonic Hamiltonian↗

DOE OSTI2024

Product Innovation to Increase Low-to-Moderate-Income Customers' Adoption of Community Solar PV

This study aims to comprehensively analyze community solar project preferences for consumers and suppliers by conducting three distinct analyses. First we analyze the predictors of community solar contract adoption to understand how individual priorities affect the probability of adoption. Using an original data set of survey responses from potential community solar customers, we analyzed the predictors of contract adoption by employing a weighted logit model. We find that individuals who were previously familiar with community solar projects were significantly more likely to adopt than those who were not familiar. Secondly, a survey of community solar developers and financiers identified industry perceived barriers to community solar access and inclusion. Thirdly, we gathered payment performance information from community solar initiatives to measure how financial risks are perceived and how they interact with customer demographics. Our study is beneficial to the public by providing insights into the drivers and barriers of community solar adoption and sheds light on the importance of understanding individual priorities in designing effective community solar policies. The community solar industry has changed significantly since the beginning of this project. The industry continues to grow at a rapid rate, with an additional 7 gigawatts expected to come online between 2022 and 2027. With federal pressure to meet climate goals, as the harms of climate change continue to impact everybody, legislators are looking to community solar as a method to achieving their states energy policy goals. These new policies that push for low-to-moderate inclusion, coupled with the increase in community solar capacity illustrate a new era for the community solar industry. A number of policies have arisen in the last few months that push for more inclusive practices including the groundbreaking Solar for All program run by the EPA. The research created a “best practice” contract that can then be used, in conjunction with the manuscript and validated study, to pitch the industry on a more inclusive community solar product.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2025

Enabling BWR fuel rod analysis in the BISON fuel performance code

Nuclear fuel vendors around the world are pursuing approaches to sustain the existing nuclear reactor fleet consisting primarily of pressurized-water reactors (PWRs) and boiling-water reactors (BWRs). To support the industry's efforts, advanced modeling and simulation tools need to be capable of analyzing both legacy reactor concepts. BWR fuel rods are significantly different than those used in PWRs, which can affect fuel performance analysis. BWR fuel rods include: (1) an extensive use of gadolinia dopant as a burnable absorber, (2) an axial variation in fuel enrichment and gadolinia content, (3) the inclusion of a liner on the inner cladding surface to mitigate the impact of pellet-clad mechanical interaction (which impacts hydrogen and hydride distribution), (4) a lower initial fill gas pressure, (5) bottom-entry control rods, and (6) a lower coolant pressure that results in the two-phase flow boiling phenomenon. Although the primary focus of BISON has been in the area of PWR and advanced reactor fuel analyses, this paper presents the developments in BISON to support BWR fuel performance analysis. An overview of the models that account for the effects of gadolinia is highlighted. Internal mesh generation capabilities to include a liner is presented. Normal operating and transient (reactivity insertion accident) demonstration problems are presented to illustrate the impact of gadolinia, the hydrogen and hydride evolution due to the presence of the liner, and BISON's ability to simulate axially varying enrichments and dopant concentration. Bottom-entry control effects are captured by the axial power peaking factors present in the demonstration cases. Comparisons to integral experiments from the Halden IFA-681 experiments are discussed as initial validation. Reasonable comparisons are obtained for fuel centerline temperature and rod internal pressure as a function of time. In conclusion, simulations of additional experiments containing Gd 2 O 3 -bearing fuel are necessary to completely validate the code for BWR applications.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2019

Analysis of OpenMP 4.5 Offloading in Implementations: Correctness and Overhead

The OpenMP language features have been evolving to meet the rapid development in hardware platforms. This journal focuses on evaluating implementations of OpenMP 4.5 target offload features in compilers such as Clang, XL and GCC that are an integral part of the software harness on supercomputers and clusters. We use Summit (Top supercomputer in the world as of November 2018) as one of our experimental setup. Such an effort is particularly critical on such supercomputers as that is being widely used by application developers to run their scientific codes at scale. Our tests not only evaluate the OpenMP implementations but also expose ambiguities within the OpenMP 4.5 specification. We also assess the overhead of the different OpenMP runtimes in relationship to the different directives and clauses. This helps in assessing the interaction of different OpenMP directives independent of other application artifacts. We are aware that the implementations are constantly evolving and Summit is advertised as having only partial OpenMP 4.x support. This is a synergistic effort to help identify and fix bugs in features’ implementations that are required by applications and prevent deployment delays later on. Going forward, we also plan to interact with standard benchmarking organizations like SPEC/HPG to donate our tests and mini-apps/kernels for potential inclusion in the next release versions of SPEC benchmark suite.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2025

Factorization for jet production in heavy-ion collisions

We develop an Effective Field Theory approach for jet observables in heavy-ion collisions, where the jet is treated as an open quantum system interacting with a hot and dense QCD medium. Within this framework, we derive a novel factorization formula for inclusive jet production, expressed as a series expansion with an increasing number of radiating subjet functions that encode forward scattering with the Quark-Gluon Plasma, convolved with perturbative matching coefficients. This work provides a systematic framework for computing jet observables at higher order and understanding their non-perturbative aspects, paving the way for future applications in heavy-ion phenomenology.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Rapid Ion Mobility Separations of Bile Acid Isomers Using Cyclodextrin Adducts and Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations

Bile acids (BAs) constitute an important class of steroid metabolites with changes implicated in disease states and other health conditions. Current analyses for these structurally similar compounds are limited by a lack of sensitivity, and long separation times with often poor isomeric resolution. To overcome these challenges and provide rapid analyses for the BA isomers, we utilized cyclodextrin adducts and ion mobility (IM) separations in structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM). Cyclodextrin was found to interact with both the tauro- and glyco-conjugated BA isomers studied, forming rigid noncovalent host-guest inclusion complexes. SLIM capabilities for the accumulation of large ion populations and peak compression, enabled both the sensitive detection and high-resolution separation of all the isomers studied.

Chouinard, Christopher D.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Heterometallic UO 2 2+ /Ag + Complexes: Structural Design and Luminescence Properties

Reported here are the synthesis, structural characterization, and luminescence properties of 11 novel UO 2 2+ /Ag + heterometallic complexes. Halogenated benzoic acids (2,6-dihalobenzoic acid (halo = F, Br), 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid, and 3-halobenzoic acid (halo = Br, I)) and N-donor polycyclic ligands (2,2′-bipyridine, 2,2’;6′,2″-terpyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2′-bipyrimidine) were employed to synthesize a set of compounds and induce structural diversity. The primary mode of coordination with the uranyl cation is hexagonal bipyramidal monomeric units with three halobenzoate ligands in the equatorial plane, though 1-D chains with pentagonal bipyramidal uranyl centers also form. The Ag + cations coordinate preferentially to the N-donor ligands and serve as counter-cations for the anionic uranyl motifs. The soft ligand character of the N-donor molecules is found to be a requirement for the inclusion of the Ag + cation into the structures. Anionic uranyl units and cationic silver units assemble via noncovalent interactions between π systems on adjacent rings and between halogens (when Br and I are present). Solid-state emission spectra display the usual uranyl band with superimposed vibronic fine structure, except for that of compound 1 , which shows emission from the 2,2′-bipyridine center. This family of compounds represents a substantial contribution to the already rich library of UO 2 2+ /Ag + compounds, and the synthetic parameters discussed within reveal a platform for the design of new heterometallic uranyl-containing materials.

anions↗

DOE OSTI2023

Linear shaped-charge jet optimization using machine learning methods

Linear shaped charges are used to focus energy into rapidly creating a deep linear incision. The general design of a shaped charge involves detonating a confined mass of high explosive (HE) with a metal-lined concave cavity on one side to produce a high velocity jet for the purpose of striking and penetrating a given material target. This jetting effect occurs due to the interaction of the detonation wave with the cavity geometry, which produces an unstable fluid phenomenon known as the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability and results in the rapid growth of a long narrow jet. We apply machine learning and optimization methods to hydrodynamics simulations of linear shaped charges to improve the simulated jet characteristics. The designs that we propose and investigate in this work generally involve modifying the behavior of the detonation waves prior to interaction with the liner material. These designs include the placement of multiple detonators and the use of metal inclusions within the HE. In conclusion, we are able to produce a linear shaped-charge design with a higher penetration depth than the baseline case that we consider and accomplish this using the same amount of or less HE.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2024

Proof-of-concept studies with a computationally designed M pro inhibitor as a synergistic combination regimen alternative to Paxlovid

As the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to spread and mutate, it remains important to focus not only on preventing spread through vaccination but also on treating infection with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). The approval of Paxlovid, a SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro ) DAA, has been significant for treatment of patients. A limitation of this DAA, however, is that the antiviral component, nirmatrelvir, is rapidly metabolized and requires inclusion of a CYP450 3A4 metabolic inhibitor, ritonavir, to boost levels of the active drug. Serious drug–drug interactions can occur with Paxlovid for patients who are also taking other medications metabolized by CYP4503A4, particularly transplant or otherwise immunocompromised patients who are most at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe symptoms. Developing an alternative antiviral with improved pharmacological properties is critical for treatment of these patients. By using a computational and structure-guided approach, we were able to optimize a 100 to 250 μM screening hit to a potent nanomolar inhibitor and lead compound, Mpro61. In this study, we further evaluate Mpro61 as a lead compound, starting with examination of its mode of binding to SARS-CoV-2 M pro . In vitro pharmacological profiling established a lack of off-target effects, particularly CYP450 3A4 inhibition, as well as potential for synergy with the currently approved alternate antiviral, molnupiravir. Development and subsequent testing of a capsule formulation for oral dosing of Mpro61 in B6-K18-hACE2 mice demonstrated favorable pharmacological properties, efficacy, and synergy with molnupiravir, and complete recovery from subsequent challenge by SARS-CoV-2, establishing Mpro61 as a promising potential preclinical candidate.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2019

Towards Multifluid Multiphysics Continuum Plasma Simulation for Modeling Magnetically-driven Experiments on Z

Magnetically driven experiments supporting pulsed-power utilize a wide range of configurations, including wire-arrays, gas-puffs, flyer plates, and cylindrical liners. This experimental flexibility is critical to supporting radiation effects, dynamic materials, magneto-inertial-fusion (MIF), and basic high energy density laboratory physics (HEDP) efforts. Ultimately, the rate at which these efforts progress is limited by our understanding of the complex plasma physics of these systems. Our effort has been to begin to develop an advanced algorithmic structure and a R&D code implementation for a plasma physics simulation capability based on the five-moment multi-fluid / full-Maxwell plasma model. This model can be used for inclusion of multiple fluid species (e.g., electrons, multiple charge state ions, and neutrals) and allows for generalized collisional interactions between species, models for ionization/recombination, magnetized Braginskii collisional transport, dissipative effects, and can be readily extended to incorporate radiation transport physics. In the context of pulsed-power simulations this advanced model will help to allow SNL to computationally simulate the dense continuum regions of the physical load (e.g. liner implosions, flyer plates) as well as partial power-flow losses in the final gap region of the inner MITL. In this report we briefly summarize results of applying a preliminary version of this model in the context of verification type problems, and some initial magnetic implosion relevant prototype problems. The MIF relevant prototype problems include results from fully-implicit / implicit-explicit (IMEX) resistive MHD as well as full multifluid EM plasma formulations.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗