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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy reveals phosphate minerals at surface and agronomi
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Assessment of mechanical, thermal, mineral and physical properties of fired clay brick made by mixing kaolinitic red clay and paper pulp residues
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Efficacy of sustainable polymers to mitigate the negative effects of anisotropic clay minerals in fl
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Mineral Recovery Enhanced Desalination (MRED) process: An innovative technology for desalinating hard brackish water
Desalination of water containing high concentrations of calcium, dissolved carbon dioxide, sulfate, silica and other sparingly soluble salts is difficult because of the scaling potential. An innovative pre-treatment scheme was investigated at bench scale that selectively removes these constituents and produces a soft water to enable desalination with high feed water recovery. The process first removes dissolved carbon dioxide by air stripping at low pH. Magnesium is removed by precipitation at high pH. Calcium is removed by ion exchange (IX), and sulfate is removed by nanofiltration (NF). Cation regenerant from IX, containing calcium, and concentrate from NF, containing sulfate, is combined to precipitate gypsum. Concentrate from the desalination process consisting of a concentrated NaCl solution is used to regenerate the IX resins. The selective precipitation, IX, and NF processes were tested in laboratory experiments and produced magnesium hydroxide and gypsum at greater than 90% and 95% purity respectively. A process model was developed to calculate process performance, mass and liquid flow rates. Finally, the MRED process offers the following benefits: 1) greater recovery of brackish feedwater by a desalination process, 2) recovery of marketable commodities and 3) reduction in the volume and mass of waste products from the treatment process.
Critical minerals mining and Native American sovereignty: Comparing case studies of lithium, copper, antimony, nickel and graphite mining in the United States
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Wet-dry cycling influences the formation of mineral-associated organic matter and its sensitivity to simulated root exudates
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Carbon storage capacity of shale formations: Mineral control on CO 2 adsorption
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The influence of minerals on the mechanism of microwave-induced fracturing of rocks
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Thermodynamics of ion exchange coupled with swelling reactions in hydrated clay minerals
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Reaction pathways and Sb(III) minerals formation during the reduction of Sb(V) by Rhodoferax ferrireducens strain YZ-1
Antimony (Sb), a non-essential metalloid, can be released into the environment through various industrial ac-tivities. Sb(III) is considered more toxic than Sb(V), but Sb(III) can be immobilized through the precipitation of insoluble Sb 2 S 3 or Sb 2 O 3 . In the subsurface, Sb redox chemistry is largely controlled by microorganisms; how-ever, the exact mechanisms of Sb(V) reduction to Sb(III) are still unclear. Here, in this study, a new strain of Sb(V)-reducing bacterium, designated as strain YZ-1, that can respire Sb(V) as a terminal electron acceptor was iso-lated from Sb-contaminated soils. 16S-rRNA gene sequencing of YZ-1 revealed high similarity to a known Fe(III)-reducer, Rhodoferax ferrireducens. XRD and XAFS analyses revealed that bioreduction of Sb(V) to Sb(III) proceed through a transition from amorphous valentinite to crystalline senarmontite (allotropes of Sb 2 O 3 ). Genomic DNA sequencing found that YZ-1 possesses arsenic (As) metabolism genes, including As(V) reductase arsC. The qPCR analysis showed that arsC was highly expressed during Sb(V)-reduction by YZ-1, and thus is proposed as the potential Sb(V) reductase in YZ-1. This study provides new insight into the pathways and products of microbial Sb(V) reduction and demonstrates the potential of a newly isolated bacterium for Sb bioremediation.
Disorder-induced expansion of silicate minerals arises from the breakage of weak topological constraints
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