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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 595 records · Page 33
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Size effects on thermoelectricity in a strongly correlated oxide

We investigated size effects on thermoelectricity in thin films of a strongly correlated layered cobaltate. At room temperature, the thermopower is independent of thickness down to 6 nm. This unusual behavior is inconsistent with the Fuchs-Sondheimer theory, which is used to describe conventional metals and semiconductors, and is attributed to the strong electron correlations in this material. On the other hand, the resistivity increases below a critical thickness of {approx}30 nm, as expected. The temperature-dependent thermopower is similar for different thicknesses but the resistivity shows systematic changes with thickness. Our experiments highlight the differences in thermoelectric behavior of strongly correlated and uncorrelated systems when subjected to finite-size effects. We use the atomic-limit Hubbard model at the high-temperature limit to explain our observations. These findings provide new insights into decoupling electrical conductivity and thermopower in correlated systems.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Anisotropic susceptibilities in the honeycomb Kitaev system α - RuCl 3

The magnetic insulator α - RuCl 3 is a promising candidate to realize Kitaev interactions on a quasi-two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. We perform extensive susceptibility measurements on single crystals of α - RuCl 3 , including angle dependence of the in-plane longitudinal and transverse susceptibilities, which reveal a unidirectional anisotropy within the honeycomb plane. By comparing the experimental results to a high-temperature expansion of a Kitaev-Heisenberg-$\textbf{Γ}$ spin Hamiltonian with bond anisotropy, we find excellent agreement with the observed phase shift and periodicity of the angle-resolved susceptibilities. Within this model, we show that the pronounced difference between in-plane and out-of-plane susceptibilities as well as the finite transverse susceptibility are rooted in strong symmetric off-diagonal $\textbf{Γ}$ spin exchange. The $\textbf{Γ}$ couplings and relationships between other terms in the model Hamiltonian are quantified by extracting relevant Curie-Weiss intercepts from the experimental data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Time evolution of projected entangled pair states in the single-layer picture

We propose an efficient algorithm for simulating quantum many-body systems in two spatial dimensions using projected entangled pair states. This is done by approximating the environment, arising in the context of updating tensors in the process of time evolution, using a single-layered tensor network structure. This significantly reduces the computational costs and allows simulations in a larger submanifold of the Hilbert space as bounded by the bond dimension of the tensor network. We present numerical evidence for stability of the method on an antiferromagnetic isotropic Heisenberg model where good agreement is found with the available accurate results.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Continuous-time Monte Carlo renormalization group

We implement the Monte Carlo renormalization group approach in the continuous-time Monte Carlo simulation of a quantum system. In this work, we demonstrate numerically the emergent isotropy between space and time at large distances for the systems that exhibit Lorentz invariance at quantum criticality. Here, this allows us to estimate accurately the sound velocity for these quantum systems. $\textit{Q}$-state Potts models in one and two space dimensions are used to illustrate the method.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Structure of phases of the sillenite family in the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}-V{sub 2}O{sub 5} system

X-ray diffraction studies of sillenite Bi{sub 24}V{sub 2}O{sub 40} single crystals grown by the hydrothermal method are performed for a separate crystal and powdered crystals. It is found that the composition of the two specimens is described by the (Bi{sub 24-x} White-Rectangle {sub x})[Bi{sub y}{sup 3+}V{sub 1-y}{sup 5+}]{sub 2} O{sub 40} general formula with completely populated oxygen sites but differs in the content of vacancies at the bismuth site (this was established for the first time) and the Bi: V ratio at the tetrahedral site. The structural models of all the vanadium-containing sillenites reported in the literature are considered, and the possibility that Bi atoms are located at the centers of BiO{sub 4} tetrahedra is established.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Bethe Approximation for a Two-Dimensional Spin-Pseudospin System

We have treated a two-dimensional spin-pseudospin model, which generalizes a diluted antiferromagnetic Ising model with charged nonmagnetic impurities in the case of two types of charges. The analytical results in the Bethe approximation are compared with the results of numerical simulation using the classical Monte Carlo method for various parameters.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Spectral photosensitivity of an organic semiconductor in a submicron metal grating

The photoelectric effect in films of the copper phthalocyanine organic semiconductor (α-CuPc) has been experimentally studied for two fundamentally different geometries. A sample in the first, normal geometry is fabricated in the form of a sandwich with an α-CuPc film between a transparent SnO{sub 2} electrode on a substrate and an upper reflecting Al electrode. In the second case of the planar geometry, the semiconductor is deposited on the substrate with a system of submicron chromium interdigital electrodes. It has been found that the effective photoconductivity in the planar geometry is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that in the normal geometry. In addition to the classical model (without excitons), a simple exciton model has been proposed within which a relation has been obtained between the probability of the formation of electron–hole pairs and the characteristic recombination and dissociation times of excitons. An increase in the photoconductivity in the planar geometry has been explained within the exciton model by an increase in the rate of dissociation of excitons into electron–hole pairs owing to acceptor oxygen molecules, which diffuse more efficiently into the film in the case of the planar geometry where the upper electrode is absent.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

MTA Secondary Beamline Production and Optics Optimization

A new secondary beamline was recently installed in the MeV Test Area (MTA) with the objective of enhancing mu+/mu- production by factors of 3/8 by using a tungsten target versus the conventional graphite production target using the 400 MeV Fermilab proton Linac beam. Ultra-low energy muon beams can support world-class physics experiments for fundamental muon measurements, sensitive searches for symmetry violation, and precision tests of theory. Extensive production studies have confirmed higher muon yield from heavy targets (tungsten vs carbon), but also, surprisingly, showed significant differences in production fluence and energy spectrum between modern hadronic models (GENIEhad) and between GEANT and MCNP. Studies are also underway towards a high-efficiency source of muonium by stopping the mu+ beam in superfluid helium. Muon fluxes can be measured at MTA including using higher-Z and novel target geometries to test hadronic and production models which are critical to understanding ongoing experiments (Mu2e) and will significantly impact the planning of future HEP experiments and planning PIP II facilities. The MTA beamline will additionally support a broad user muon test beam for future experiments and R&D.

Ahmed, Shiza↗
DOE OSTI2015

Competition between Abelian and Zeeman magnetic field effects in a two dimensional ultracold gas of fermions

The ground state of ultracold fermions in the presence of effects of orbital and Zeeman magnetic fields is analyzed. Five different states are found: unpolarized superconducting state, partially and fully polarized normal states and phase separated regions, partially or fully polarized. The system, in the presence of orbital synthetic magnetic field effects, shows non-monotonous changes of the phase boundaries when electron concentration is varied. We observe not only reentrant phenomena, but also density dependent oscillations of different areas of the phase diagram. Moreover the chemical potential shows oscillatory behavior and discontinuities with respect to changes in the number of fermions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

Quasi-particle and collective magnetism: Rotation, pairing and blocking in high-K isomers

For the first time, a wide range of collective magnetic g-factors gR, obtained from a novel analysis of experimental data for multi-quasi-particle configurations in high-K isomers, is shown to exhibit a striking systematic variation with the relative number of proton and neutron quasi-particles, Np Nn. Using the principle of additivity, the quasi-particle contribution to magnetism in high-K isomers of Lu Re, Z=71 75, has been estimated. Based on these estimates, band-structure branching ratio data are used to explore the behavior of the collective contribution as the number and proton/neutron nature (Np, Nn), of the quasi-particle excitations, change. Basic ideas of pairing, its quenching by quasi-particle excitation and the consequent changes to moment of inertia and collective magnetism are discussed. Existing model calculations do not reproduce the observed gR variation adequately. The paired superfluid system of nucleons in these nuclei, and their excitations, present properties of general physics interest. The new-found systematic behavior of gR in multi-quasi-particle excitations of this unique system, showing variation from close to zero for multi-neutron states to above 0.5 for multi-proton states, opens a fresh window on these effects and raises the important question of just which nucleons contribute to the collective properties of these nuclei.

Stone, N. J.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of a Fermi–Hubbard system

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measures the single-particle excitations of a many-body quantum system with energy and momentum resolution, providing detailed information about strongly interacting materials. ARPES directly probes fermion pairing, and hence is a natural technique to study the development of superconductivity in systems ranging from high-temperature superconductors to unitary Fermi gases. In these systems, a remnant gap-like feature persists in the normal state. Developing a quantitative understanding of these so-called pseudogap regimes may elucidate details about the pairing mechanisms that lead to superconductivity, but this is difficult in real materials partly because the microscopic Hamiltonian is not known. Here, we report on the development of ARPES to study strongly interacting fermions in an optical lattice using a quantum gas microscope. We benchmark the technique by measuring the occupied single-particle spectral function of an attractive Fermi–Hubbard system across the BCS–BEC crossover and comparing the results to those of quantum Monte Carlo calculations. We find evidence for a pseudogap that opens well above the expected critical temperature for superfluidity. This technique may also be applied to the doped repulsive Hubbard model, which is expected to exhibit a pseudogap at temperatures close to those achieved in recent experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Tip radius preservation for high resolution imaging in amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy

The acquisition of high resolution images in atomic force microscopy (AFM) is correlated to the cantilever's tip shape, size, and imaging conditions. In this work, relative tip wear is quantified based on the evolution of a direct experimental observable in amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy, i.e., the critical amplitude. We further show that the scanning parameters required to guarantee a maximum compressive stress that is lower than the yield/fracture stress of the tip can be estimated via experimental observables. In both counts, the optimized parameters to acquire AFM images while preserving the tip are discussed. The results are validated experimentally by employing IgG antibodies as a model system.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

White light source with laser-excited phosphor

The principles of operation of a white light source based on a remote phosphor, made of cerium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG : Ce{sup 3+}), whose luminescence is excited by a blue laser diode, are considered. The colorimetric and photometric characteristics of phosphors of different types are analysed as functions of the phosphor film thickness. The following parameters are obtained at an output power of 1 W and a wavelength of 445±3 nm in the cw regime: luminous flux of 165 lm, correlated colour temperature of 5595 K, colour rendering index of 66, colour coordinates x = 0.3303 and y = 0.3427, luminous efficiency of 165 lm W{sup -1}, and light efficacy of 30 lm W{sup -1}. These characteristics are comparable with similar parameters of commercial white LEDs. (fluorescence and photogeneration)

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2025

Directionally asymmetric nonlinear optics in ferrorotational MnTiO 3

Ferrorotationally ordered materials possess a planar chiral lattice of electric dipoles that are a promising platform for exhibiting directionally asymmetric response functions. A key characteristic of such order is that enantiomorph conversion occurs when the solid is flipped by 180° about an in-plane axis. Using second-harmonic interferometry, we show here that when circularly polarized light is incident on MnTiO 3 , the generated harmonic intensity depends on whether the incident light is parallel or antiparallel to the ferrorotational axis. For a particular photon helicity, constructive interference occurs in one direction while destructive interference occurs in the other. Here, our observations represent a fundamentally new optical effect, associated with circularly polarized light in ferrorotational solids, that is distinct from conventional optical activity observed in three-dimensional chiral and Faraday media.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2010

Thermometry and signatures of strong correlations from Raman spectroscopy of fermionic atoms in optical lattices

A method is proposed to directly measure the temperature of a gas of weakly interacting fermionic atoms loaded into an optical lattice. This technique relies on Raman spectroscopy and is applicable to experimentally relevant temperature regimes. Additionally, a similar spectroscopy scheme can be used to obtain information on the quasiparticle properties and Hubbard bands of the metallic and Mott-insulating states of interacting fermionic spin mixtures. These two methods provide experimentalists with probes to accurately characterize fermionic quantum gases confined to optical lattices.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Versatile cold-atom simulator of non-Abelian gauge potentials

We show how a single, harmonically trapped atom in a tailored magnetic field can be used for simulating the effects of a broad class of non-Abelian gauge potentials. We demonstrate how to implement Rashba or linear-Dresselhaus couplings, or observe Zitterbewegung of a Dirac particle.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗