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At least 595 records · Page 33

Data compression applied to HHVT

A task order was written by the High Resolution, High Frame Rate Video Technology (HHVT) project engineers to study data compression techniques that could be applied to the HHVT system. Specifically, the goals of the HHVT data compression study are to accomplish the following: (1) Determine the downlink capabilities of the Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom to support HHVT data (i.e., determine the maximum data rates and link availability); (2) Determine current and projected capabilities of high speed storage media to support HHVT data by determining their maximum data acquisition/transmission rates and volumes; (3) Identify which experiment in the HHVT Users' Requirement data base need data compression, based on the experiments' imaging requirements; (4) Select the best data compression technique for each of these users by identifying a technique that provides compression but minimizes distortion; and (5) Investigate state-of-the-art technologies for possible implementation of selected data compression techniques. Data compression will be needed because of the high data rates and larger volumes of data that will result from the use of digitized video onboard the Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom.

Thompson, William K.↗

TAE Plus: A conceptual view of TAE in the space station era

The use of the Transportable Applications Executive (TAE) for prototyping user interfaces has been the prime force behind the new TAE research and development work. The Data Systems Technology Division at GSFC is developing prototypes of user interfaces for different functions involved in the operation, analysis and data communication of space station payloads. TAE is a valuable prototyping tool because it enables a developer to build an entire application user interface model and run it without writing a single line of application code. One force driving new development is the need to update TAE's user interface to support the latest interactive graphic device technology. The current TAE, TAE Classic, uses interface techniques designed for an 80x24 character monochrome alphanumeric terminal, but does not effectively utilize features such as windowing, graphics, color, and selection devices available on newer workstations. To meet our needs, development of a TAE Plus began in FY-86 and involves augmenting TAE with three different sets of tools: a user interface toolkit; an application toolkit; and run-time service subroutines. A phased approach is being used to develop TAE Plus. In the first phase, we have met the needs of the user community and provided some support for rapid prototyping by developing a TAE Facelift, which adds an enhanced TAE interface (with windowing, mouse interaction, pull-down menus, etc.) to a select set of graphic workstations. The TAE Facelift allows many new concepts to be tested quickly for feedback and performance. In the second phase, a fully-integrated user interface management system, TAE Plus, will be built that supports the separation of interface from application, with the concomitant ability to prototype and rapidly change interfaces. This robust functionality will support, in an integrated manner, an application's development cycle from the prototype step through to the fully operational system.

Szczur, Martha↗

A Distributed Multi-Agent System for Collaborative Information Management and Learning

In this paper, we present DIAMS, a system of distributed, collaborative agents to help users access, manage, share and exchange information. A DIAMS personal agent helps its owner find information most relevant to current needs. It provides tools and utilities for users to manage their information repositories with dynamic organization and virtual views. Flexible hierarchical display is integrated with indexed query search-to support effective information access. Automatic indexing methods are employed to support user queries and communication between agents. Contents of a repository are kept in object-oriented storage to facilitate information sharing. Collaboration between users is aided by easy sharing utilities as well as automated information exchange. Matchmaker agents are designed to establish connections between users with similar interests and expertise. DIAMS agents provide needed services for users to share and learn information from one another on the World Wide Web.

Chen, James R.↗

Earth science information: Planning for the integration and use of global change information

The Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) was founded in 1989 as a non-profit corporation dedicated to facilitating access to, use and understanding of global change information worldwide. The Consortium was created to cooperate and coordinate with organizations and researchers throughout the global change community to further access the most advanced technology, the latest scientific research, and the best information available for critical environmental decision making. CIESIN study efforts are guided by Congressional mandates to 'convene key present and potential users to assess the need for investment in integration of earth science information,' to 'outline the desirable pattern of interaction with the scientific and policy community,' and to 'develop recommendations and draft plans to achieve the appropriate level of effort in the use of earth science data for research and public policy purposes.' In addition, CIESIN is tasked by NASA to develop a data center that would extend the benefits of Earth Observing System (EOS) to the users of global change information related to human dimensions issues. For FY 1991, CIESIN focused on two main objectives. The first addressed the identification of information needs of global change research and non-research user groups worldwide. The second focused on an evaluation of the most efficient mechanisms for making this information available in usable forms.

Lousma, Jack R.↗

Unique Concept for a Low Cost, Light Weight Space Deployable Antenna Structure

Large space deployable antennas are needed for a variety of applications that include Mobile Communications, Radiometry, Active Microwave Sensing, Very Long Baseline Interferometry and DoD Space Based Radar. These user requirements identify the need for structures up to tens of meters in size for operation from 1 to 90 GHz, based on different aperture configurations. However, the one thing the users have in common is a concept selection criteria for low cost, light weight and highly reliable deployable structures. Fortunately, a unique class of space structures has recently emerged that have tremendous potential for satisfying these criteria. They are referred to as inflatable deployable structures.

Freeland, Robert E.↗

Short-Term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center: Transitioning Satellite Data to Operations

The Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center located at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has been conducting testbed activities aimed at transitioning satellite products to National Weather Service operational end users for the last 10 years. SPoRT is a NASA/NOAA funded project that has set the bar for transition of products to operational end users through a paradigm of understanding forecast challenges and forecaster needs, displaying products in end users decision support systems, actively assessing the operational impact of these products, and improving products based on forecaster feedback. Aiming for quality partnerships rather than a large quantity of data users, SPoRT has become a community leader in training operational forecasters on the use of up-and-coming satellite data through the use of legacy instruments and proxy data. Traditionally, SPoRT has supplied satellite imagery and products from NASA instruments such as the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). However, recently, SPoRT has been funded by the GOES-R and Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Grounds to accelerate the transition of selected imagery and products to help improve forecaster awareness of upcoming operational data from the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), and Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM). This presentation provides background on the SPoRT Center, the SPoRT paradigm, and some example products that SPoRT is excited to work with forecasters to evaluate.

Zavodsky, Bradley↗

The Mark 3 data base handler

A data base handler which would act to tie Mark 3 system programs together is discussed. The data base handler is written in FORTRAN and is implemented on the Hewlett-Packard 21MX and the IBM 360/91. The system design objectives were to (1) provide for an easily specified method of data interchange among programs, (2) provide for a high level of data integrity, (3) accommodate changing requirments, (4) promote program accountability, (5) provide a single source of program constants, and (6) provide a central point for data archiving. The system consists of two distinct parts: a set of files existing on disk packs and tapes; and a set of utility subroutines which allow users to access the information in these files. Users never directly read or write the files and need not know the details of how the data are formatted in the files. To the users, the storage medium is format free. A user does need to know something about the sequencing of his data in the files but nothing about data in which he has no interest.

Ryan, J. W.↗

Earthdata User Interface (EUI) Library

As more remote sensing data moves to the cloud, the design tools we use to build user experiences and visualizations need to change and adapt to make the best use this new data reality. EUI 2.0, the next major iteration of the Earthdata User Interface Library, aims to make creating rich user experiences around NASA's Earth Observation System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) data easy and user-friendly. Building on a solid framework of design components, EUI 2.0 will be open source and have off-the-shelf integration with the Common Metadata Repository (CMR), basic mapping and visualization tools, a refreshed design toolkit for building apps and websites that fit the Earthdata design theme and guidelines. EUI 2.0 will allow for the rapid development of websites and applications based on EOSDIS tools and data holdings. It will also make use of cloud data availability to enable data visualization and analysis without the need to download and sync data.

Siarto, Jeff↗

The design and use of an error correction information system for NASTRAN

Error Correction Information System (ECIS) is a system for a two-way transmittal of NASTRAN maintenance information via a data base stored on a nationwide accessible computer. ECIS consists of two data bases. The first data base is used for comments, reporting NASTRAN Software Problem Reports (SPR's) and bookkeeping information which can be updated by the user or the NASTRAN Office. The second data base is used by the NSMO to store all SPR information and updates. The hardware needed by an accessing user is any desktop computer terminal and a telephone to communicate with the central computer. The instruction format is an engineering oriented language and requires less than an hour to obtain a working knowledge of its functions.

Rosser, D. C., Jr.↗

System performance analyzer

The System Performance Analyzer (SPA) designed to provide accurate real time information about the operation of complex systems and developed for use on the Airborne Data Analysis/Monitor System (ADAMS), a ROLM 1666 based system is described. The system uses an external processor to operate an intelligent, simulated control panel. Also provided are functions to trace operations, determine frequency of use of memory areas, and time or count user tasks in a multitask environment. This augments the information available from the standard debugger and control panel, and reduces the time and effort needed by ROLM 1666 users in optimizing their system, as well as providing documentation of the effect of any changes. The operation and state of the system are evaluated.

Helbig, H. R.↗

Extensible Adaptable Simulation Systems: Supporting Multiple Fidelity Simulations in a Common Environment

Common practice in the development of simulation systems is meeting all user requirements within a single instantiation. The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) presents a unique challenge to establish a simulation environment that meets the needs of a diverse user community while also spanning a multi-mission environment over decades of operation. In response, the JPSS Flight Vehicle Test Suite (FVTS) is architected with an extensible infrastructure that supports the operation of multiple observatory simulations for a single mission and multiple mission within a common system perimeter. For the JPSS-1 satellite, multiple fidelity flight observatory simulations are necessary to support the distinct user communities consisting of the Common Ground System development team, the Common Ground System Integration & Test team, and the Mission Rehearsal Team/Mission Operations Team. These key requirements present several challenges to FVTS development. First, the FVTS must ensure all critical user requirements are satisfied by at least one fidelity instance of the observatory simulation. Second, the FVTS must allow for tailoring of the system instances to function in diverse operational environments from the High-security operations environment at NOAA Satellite Operations Facility (NSOF) to the ground system factory floor. Finally, the FVTS must provide the ability to execute sustaining engineering activities on a subset of the system without impacting system availability to parallel users. The FVTS approach of allowing for multiple fidelity copies of observatory simulations represents a unique concept in simulator capability development and corresponds to the JPSS Ground System goals of establishing a capability that is flexible, extensible, and adaptable.

McLaughlin, Brian J.↗

Data storage and retrieval system abstract

The STX mass storage system design is intended for environments requiring high speed access to large volumes of data (terabyte and greater). Prior to commitment to a product design plan, STX conducted an exhaustive study of the commercially available off-the-shelf hardware and software. STX also conducted research into the area of emerging technologies in networks and storage media so that the design could easily accommodate new interfaces and peripherals as they came on the market. All the selected system elements were brought together in a demo suite sponsored jointly by STX and ALLIANT where the system elements were evaluated based on actual operation using a client-server mirror image configuration. Testing was conducted to assess the various component overheads and results were compared against vendor data claims. The resultant system, while adequate to meet our capacity requirements, fell short of transfer speed expectations. A product team lead by STX was assembled and chartered with solving the bottleneck issues. Optimization efforts yielded a 60 percent improvement in throughput performance. The ALLIANT computer platform provided the I/O flexibility needed to accommodate a multitude of peripheral interfaces including the following: up to twelve 25MB/s VME I/O channels; up to five HiPPI I/O full duplex channels; IPI-s, SCSI, SMD, and RAID disk array support; standard networking software support for TCP/IP, NFS, and FTP; open architecture based on standard RISC processors; and V.4/POSIX-based operating system (Concentrix). All components including the software are modular in design and can be reconfigured as needs and system uses change. Users can begin with a small system and add modules as needed in the field. Most add-ons can be accomplished seamlessly without revision, recompilation or re-linking of software.

Matheson, Barbara↗

A Web Architecture to Geographically Interrogate CHIRPS Rainfall and eMODIS NDVI for Land Use Change

Monitoring of rainfall and vegetation over the continent of Africa is important for assessing the status of crop health and agriculture, along with long‐term changes in land use change. These issues can be addressed through examination of long‐term precipitation (rainfall) data sets and remote sensing of land surface vegetation and land use types. Two products have been used previously to address these goals: the Climate Hazard Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) rainfall data, and multi‐day composites of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the USGS eMODIS product. Combined, these are very large data sets that require unique tools and architecture to facilitate a variety of data analysis methods or data exploration by the end user community. To address these needs, a web‐enabled system has been developed to allow end‐users to interrogate CHIRPS rainfall and eMODIS NDVI data over the continent of Africa. The architecture allows end‐users to use custom defined geometries, or the use of predefined political boundaries in their interrogation of the data. The massive amount of data interrogated by the system allows the end‐users with only a web browser to extract vital information in order to investigate land use change and its causes. The system can be used to generate daily, monthly and yearly averages over a geographical area and range of dates of interest to the user. It also provides analysis of trends in precipitation or vegetation change for times of interest. The data provided back to the end‐user is displayed in graphical form and can be exported for use in other, external tools. The development of this tool has significantly decreased the investment and requirements for end‐users to use these two important datasets, while also allowing the flexibility to the end‐user to limit the search to the area of interest.

Burks, Jason E.↗

Integrating Gridded NASA Hydrological Data into CUAHSI HIS

The amount of hydrological data available from NASA remote sensing and modeling systems is vast and ever-increasing;but, one challenge persists:increasing the usefulness of these data for, and thus their use by, end user communities. The Hydrology Data and Information Services Center (HDISC), part of the Goddard Earth Sciences DISC, has continually worked to better understand the hydrological data needs of different end users, to thus better able to bridge the gap between NASA data and end user communities. One effective strategy is integrating the data in to end user community tools and environments. There is an ongoing collaborative effort between NASA HDISC, NASA Hydrological Sciences Branch, and CUAHSI to integrate NASA gridded hydrology data in to the CUAHSI Hydrologic Information System (HIS).

Rui, Hualan↗

CARETS: A prototype regional environmental information system. Volume 3: Toward a national land use information system

It is recommended that a national land use information system be established by an agency of the Federal Government. This recommendation comes at a time of increasing demand for scientific information in support of environmentally relevant land use planning and management at all levels of government. It is also a time when new airborne and spaceborne remote sensors, tested in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Program of the Department of the Interior, make possible the gathering of land use information rapidly and on an unprecedented scale. Furthermore, information handling technology is developing toward a capability to receive, store, and disseminate the huge quantities of data that would be involved. The recommendation for the national land use information system is based upon careful analysis of the results of remote sensing experiments funded by NASA, EROS, and the Geography Program of the Geological Survey, with specific examples drawn from the demonstration project known as the Central Atlantic Regional Ecological Test Site (CARETS). CARETS is cast in the framework of a regional land use information system, channeling the flow bf information generated in response to users' declaration of their needs, through stages dealing with remote sensing data gathering systems, data processing and land mensuration, calibration in-terms of environmental impact, and evaluation with feedback from users. The proposed system would develop and implement a unified approach to the description and interpretation of the changing uses of the nation's land resources, building upon the base of interagency and intergovernmental cooperation already achieved in the experimental work to date. The land use data base that is being derived from high-altitude aerial color infrared photography would be the initial component of the recommended system. High-altitude photographic coverage would immediately be extended to as much of the nation as possible as technological developments and economic considerations permit. The system would later expand to include multiple-sensor, multiple-platform data sources. Six system characteristics are recommended: (1) High capacity storage of data available for quick retrieval, inexpensive processing, and update, (2) provision of accuracy appropriate to the scale of survey or to the level of detail dictated by different types of management and decision requirements; (3) permanent, publicly accessible sensor records for historical interpretation; (4) compatibility of the recording, storage, and retrieval system with all types of inputs, from ground observer to satellite; (5) products of diverse formats and scales, responsive to user feedback; (6) and standardization of formats, scales, and storage inputs to permit nationwide comparability.

Land use mapping↗

User interface and payload command and control

Two tasks comprise this overall effort. The first is concerned with developing a modular, machine independent workstation design, science operations interface language and interaction techniques. Design concepts and prototype demonstration of a state of the art prototype workstation are to be based on defining user requirements by determining user interface modes, reflecting needs in space and on ground. The second task aims at generating a command and control system design concept for supporting telescience - a concept for independent science user operations within an operations envelope.

Source record↗

Usage of Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (MMRTGs) for Future Potential Missions

The goal of NASAs Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) Program is to make RPS ready and available to support the exploration of the solar system in environments where the use of conventional solar or chemical power generation is impractical or impossible to meet the needs of the missions. To meet this goal, the RPS Program, working closely with the Department of Energy, performs mission and system studies (such as the recently released Nuclear Power Assessment Study), evaluates the readiness of promising technologies to infuse in future generators, assesses the sustainment of key RPS capabilities and knowledge, forecasts and tracks the Programs budgetary needs, and disseminates current information about RPS to the community of potential users. This presentation focuses on the needs of the mission community and provides users a better understanding of how to integrate the MMRTG (Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator).

Radioisotope↗

Real Time Safety Monitoring: Concept for Supporting Safe Flight Operations

A number of organizations are working on processes, procedures, regulations, and technologies to maintain or improve the safety of the National Airspace System (NAS). In this paper, we describe a Real Time Safety Monitoring (RTSM) system that benefits from these efforts to define a set of safety metrics that are automatically monitored in real-time. In addition to providing information about current potentially adverse conditions to a variety of users, from those who need a broad overview of a day's flight operations to those who need to decide on a control tactic to employ in the next five minutes, the RTSM system predicts conditions within a specified prediction horizon. Its intelligent interface alerts the user, presenting the information as appropriate considering the current context and circumstances. We illustrate the system concept with five conceptual use cases, describing which safety metrics may be of the most interest to five user groups and suggesting a multi-modal display format. We posit that having access to information about adverse conditions in time to make efficient preemptive decisions without sacrificing safety will improve the already high level of safety and aid in the expansion planned for the NAS under the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen).

safety↗