Experiments and a model for pilot dynamics with visual and motion inputs
Multimodality pilot model for visual and motion feedbacks derived from simulator program
Alex, F. R.↗
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Human dynamic orientation model applied to motion simulation
The Ormsby model of dynamic orientation, in the form of a discrete time computer program was used to predict non-visually induced sensations during an idealized coordinated aircraft turn. To predict simulation fidelity, the Ormsby model was used to assign penalties for incorrect attitude and angular rate perceptions. It was determined that a three rotational degree of freedom simulation should remain faithful to attitude perception even at the expense of incorrect angular rate sensations. Implementing this strategy, a simulation profile for the idealized turn was designed for a Link GAT-1 trainer. A simple optokinetic display was added to improve the fidelity of roll rate sensations.
Borah, J. D.↗
Research in computer science
Several short summaries of the work performed during this reporting period are presented. Topics discussed in this document include: (1) resilient seeded errors via simple techniques; (2) knowledge representation for engineering design; (3) analysis of faults in a multiversion software experiment; (4) implementation of parallel programming environment; (5) symbolic execution of concurrent programs; (6) two computer graphics systems for visualization of pressure distribution and convective density particles; (7) design of a source code management system; (8) vectorizing incomplete conjugate gradient on the Cyber 203/205; (9) extensions of domain testing theory and; (10) performance analyzer for the pisces system.
Ortega, J. M.↗
Research in computer science
Synopses are given for NASA supported work in computer science at the University of Virginia. Some areas of research include: error seeding as a testing method; knowledge representation for engineering design; analysis of faults in a multi-version software experiment; implementation of a parallel programming environment; two computer graphics systems for visualization of pressure distribution and convective density particles; task decomposition for multiple robot arms; vectorized incomplete conjugate gradient; and iterative methods for solving linear equations on the Flex/32.
Ortega, J. M.↗
Cobra communications switch integration program
The paper describes a design modification to reduce the visual and manual workload associated with the radio selection and communications tasks in the U.S. Army AH-1 Cobra helicopter. The modification involves the integration of the radio selection and microphone actuating tasks into a single operation controlled by the transmit-intercom switch. Ground-based and flight tests were conducted to evaluate the modified configuration during twelve flight tasks. The results show that the proposed configuration performs twice as fast as the original configuration.
Shively, Robert J.↗
VOUS Software Facilitates Development Of Other Software
Visual Object Oriented Unification System (VOUS) computer program provides facility for development of other, high-level software. Does not replace, but rather extends, preexisting software tools for development of other software. Provides comprehensive, graphical, interactive medium for all phases in development of computer code from early exploration of concepts, through detailed coding-and-error-checking process, to final reporting of finished code and compilation of instruction manual for its use. Simplifies and partly automates programmer's task.
Oliger, Joseph↗
On the Implementation of a Land Cover Classification System for SAR Images Using Khoros
The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensor is widely used to record data about the ground under all atmospheric conditions. The SAR acquired images have very good resolution which necessitates the development of a classification system that process the SAR images to extract useful information for different applications. In this work, a complete system for the land cover classification was designed and programmed using the Khoros, a data flow visual language environment, taking full advantages of the polymorphic data services that it provides. Image analysis was applied to SAR images to improve and automate the processes of recognition and classification of the different regions like mountains and lakes. Both unsupervised and supervised classification utilities were used. The unsupervised classification routines included the use of several Classification/Clustering algorithms like the K-means, ISO2, Weighted Minimum Distance, and the Localized Receptive Field (LRF) training/classifier. Different texture analysis approaches such as Invariant Moments, Fractal Dimension and Second Order statistics were implemented for supervised classification of the images. The results and conclusions for SAR image classification using the various unsupervised and supervised procedures are presented based on their accuracy and performance.
Medina Revera, Edwin J.↗
Heart Research
James Antaki and a group of researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine used many elements of the Technology Utilization Program while looking for a way to visualize and track material points within the heart muscle. What they needed were tiny artificial "eggs" containing copper sulfate solution, small enough (about 2 mm in diameter) that they would not injure the heart, and large enough to be seen in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images; they also had to be biocompatible and tough enough to withstand the beating of the muscle. The group could not make nor buy sufficient containers. After reading an article on microspheres in NASA Tech Briefs, and a complete set of reports on microencapsulation from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), JPL put Antaki in touch with Dr.Taylor Wang of Vanderbilt University who helped construct the myocardial markers. The research is expected to lead to improved understanding of how the heart works and what takes place when it fails.
Source record↗
Developing parallel GeoFEST(P) using the PYRAMID AMR library
The PYRAMID parallel unstructured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) library has been coupled with the GeoFEST geophysical finite element simulation tool to support parallel active tectonics simulations. Specifically, we have demonstrated modeling of coseismic and postseismic surface displacement due to a simulated Earthquake for the Landers system of interacting faults in Southern California. The new software demonstrated a 25-times resolution improvement and a 4-times reduction in time to solution over the sequential baseline milestone case. Simulations on workstations using a few tens of thousands of stress displacement finite elements can now be expanded to multiple millions of elements with greater than 98% scaled efficiency on various parallel platforms over many hundreds of processors. Our most recent work has demonstrated that we can dynamically adapt the computational grid as stress grows on a fault. In this paper, we will describe the major issues and challenges associated with coupling these two programs to create GeoFEST(P). Performance and visualization results will also be described.
adaptive mesh refinement (AMR)↗
Development of a Countermeasure to Enhance Postflight Locomotor Adaptability
Astronauts returning from space flight experience locomotor dysfunction following their return to Earth. Our laboratory is currently developing a gait adaptability training program that is designed to facilitate recovery of locomotor function following a return to a gravitational environment. The training program exploits the ability of the sensorimotor system to generalize from exposure to multiple adaptive challenges during training so that the gait control system essentially learns to learn and therefore can reorganize more rapidly when faced with a novel adaptive challenge. We have previously confirmed that subjects participating in adaptive generalization training programs using a variety of visuomotor distortions can enhance their ability to adapt to a novel sensorimotor environment. Importantly, this increased adaptability was retained even one month after completion of the training period. Adaptive generalization has been observed in a variety of other tasks requiring sensorimotor transformations including manual control tasks and reaching (Bock et al., 2001, Seidler, 2003) and obstacle avoidance during walking (Lam and Dietz, 2004). Taken together, the evidence suggests that a training regimen exposing crewmembers to variation in locomotor conditions, with repeated transitions among states, may enhance their ability to learn how to reassemble appropriate locomotor patterns upon return from microgravity. We believe exposure to this type of training will extend crewmembers locomotor behavioral repertoires, facilitating the return of functional mobility after long duration space flight. Our proposed training protocol will compel subjects to develop new behavioral solutions under varying sensorimotor demands. Over time subjects will learn to create appropriate locomotor solution more rapidly enabling acquisition of mobility sooner after long-duration space flight. Our laboratory is currently developing adaptive generalization training procedures and the associated flight hardware to implement such a training program during regular inflight treadmill operations. A visual display system will provide variation in visual flow patterns during treadmill exercise. Crewmembers will be exposed to a virtual scene that can translate and rotate in six-degrees-of freedom during their regular treadmill exercise period. Associated ground based studies are focused on determining optimal combinations of sensory manipulations (visual flow, body loading and support surface variation) and training schedules that will produce the greatest potential for adaptive flexibility in gait function during exposure to challenging and novel environments. An overview of our progress in these areas will be discussed during the presentation.
Bloomberg, Jacob J.↗
SERVIR: The Regional Visualization and Monitoring System
This slide presentation reviews the SERVIR program. SERVIR is a partnership between NASA and USAID and three international nodes: Central America, Africa, and the Himalaya region. SERVIR,using satellite observations and ground based observations, is used by decision makers to allow for improved monitoring of air quality, extreme weather, biodiversity, and changes in land cove and has also been used to respond to environmental threats, such as wildfires, floods, landslides, harmful algal blooms, and earthquakes.
Irwin, Daniel E.↗
GLobal Integrated Design Environment
The GLobal Integrated Design Environment (GLIDE) is a collaborative engineering application built to resolve the design session issues of real-time passing of data between multiple discipline experts in a collaborative environment. Utilizing Web protocols and multiple programming languages, GLIDE allows engineers to use the applications to which they are accustomed in this case, Excel to send and receive datasets via the Internet to a database-driven Web server. Traditionally, a collaborative design session consists of one or more engineers representing each discipline meeting together in a single location. The discipline leads exchange parameters and iterate through their respective processes to converge on an acceptable dataset. In cases in which the engineers are unable to meet, their parameters are passed via e-mail, telephone, facsimile, or even postal mail. The result of this slow process of data exchange would elongate a design session to weeks or even months. While the iterative process remains in place, software can now exchange parameters securely and efficiently, while at the same time allowing for much more information about a design session to be made available. GLIDE is written in a compilation of several programming languages, including REALbasic, PHP, and Microsoft Visual Basic. GLIDE client installers are available to download for both Microsoft Windows and Macintosh systems. The GLIDE client software is compatible with Microsoft Excel 2000 or later on Windows systems, and with Microsoft Excel X or later on Macintosh systems. GLIDE follows the Client-Server paradigm, transferring encrypted and compressed data via standard Web protocols. Currently, the engineers use Excel as a front end to the GLIDE Client, as many of their custom tools run in Excel.
Kunkel, Matthew↗
3D Stereo Immersive Environment Utilizing Mobile Devices / Peripherals
This project expands upon some of the FY23 IRAD funded "Full Lunar Surface Simulation Platform" (FLS-SP) derived technologies. The results have demonstrated a low-cost, compact, immersive technology that supports training, interaction, mission planning, and other man-in-loop activities in simulated environments called “3D Stereo Immersion Environment Utilizing Mobile Devices” (3D SIEUMD). These activities will become crucial for safety and mission, planning, and assurance in the Artemis program, as well as future commercial crew programs. The FLS-SP enabled the visualization of simulated lunar surface operations for rovers, landers, habitation, and EVA. The 3D SIEUMD technology allows for NASA S&MA experts, tasked with defining safety protocols and procedures, to interact in an immersive environment without expensive immersion gear. Reduction of the overall safety risk by immersing safety concepts into the design and engineering phase for very small cost is accomplished even before hardware is deployed to the lunar surface.
Scott Johnson↗
The Next Generation of Ground Operations Command and Control; Scripting in C no. and Visual Basic
Scripting languages have become a common method for implementing command and control solutions in space ground operations. The Systems Test and Operations Language (STOL), the Huntsville Operations Support Center (HOSC) Scripting Language Processor (SLP), and the Spacecraft Control Language (SCL) offer script-commands that wrap tedious operations tasks into single calls. Since script-commands are interpreted, they also offer a certain amount of hands-on control that is highly valued in space ground operations. Although compiled programs seem to be unsuited for interactive user control and are more complex to develop, Marshall Space flight Center (MSFC) has developed a product called the Enhanced and Redesign Scripting (ERS) that makes use of the graphical and logical richness of a programming language while offering the hands-on and ease of control of a scripting language. ERS is currently used by the International Space Station (ISS) Payload Operations Integration Center (POIC) Cadre team members. ERS integrates spacecraft command mnemonics, telemetry measurements, and command and telemetry control procedures into a standard programming language, while making use of Microsoft's Visual Studio for developing Visual Basic (VB) or C# ground operations procedures. ERS also allows for script-style user control during procedure execution using a robust graphical user input and output feature. The availability of VB and C# programmers, and the richness of the languages and their development environment, has allowed ERS to lower our "script" development time and maintenance costs at the Marshall POIC.
Ritter, George↗
Boron-epoxy-reinforced titanium aircraft landing-gear drag strut
The structural performance of a boron-epoxy-reinforced titanium drag strut, containing a bonded scarf joint and designed to the criteria of a large commercial transport, has been evaluated experimentally and analytically. The strut was exposed to two lifetimes of fatigue loading and was statically loaded to the tensile and compressive design ultimate loads. Throughout the test program no evidence of any damage in the drag strut was detected by strain-gage measurements, ultrasonic inspection, or visual observation. The bonded joint was analyzed using the NASTRAN computer program. A comparison of the strains predicted by the NASTRAN computer program with the experimentally determined values shows excellent agreement. An analytical study indicated that the nonlinear behavior of a structural spacer at each end of the strut could be explained by the inelastic behavior and possible creep of the adhesive.
Howell, W. E.↗
VSTOL ground effects testing with flow visualization and image enhancement
A remotely controlled high-energy fiber-optic light delivery technique is employed to examine the implementation of a laser-light-sheet flow-visualization system. During testing, video data are enhanced in real time using digital image processing techniques. A summary of test results for an advanced VSTOL configuration in ground effect, and techniques for the generation of 3D reconstructions for the flowfield are outlined. The system performed well during all phases of the test and proved to be an extremely useful asset to the overall test program. The most useful application of the flow visualization system was the interactive real-time flow field analysis made during the actual testing.
Kegelman, Jerome T.↗
Science Activity Planner for the MER Mission
The Maestro Science Activity Planner is a computer program that assists human users in planning operations of the Mars Explorer Rover (MER) mission and visualizing scientific data returned from the MER rovers. Relative to its predecessors, this program is more powerful and easier to use. This program is built on the Java Eclipse open-source platform around a Web-browser-based user-interface paradigm to provide an intuitive user interface to Mars rovers and landers. This program affords a combination of advanced display and simulation capabilities. For example, a map view of terrain can be generated from images acquired by the High Resolution Imaging Science Explorer instrument aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft and overlaid with images from a navigation camera (more precisely, a stereoscopic pair of cameras) aboard a rover, and an interactive, annotated rover traverse path can be incorporated into the overlay. It is also possible to construct an overhead perspective mosaic image of terrain from navigation-camera images. This program can be adapted to similar use on other outer-space missions and is potentially adaptable to numerous terrestrial applications involving analysis of data, operations of robots, and planning of such operations for acquisition of scientific data.
Norris, Jeffrey S.↗
Visualizing Decision-making Behaviours in Agent-based Autonomous Spacecraft
The authors will report initial progress on the PIAudit project as a Research Resident Associate Program. The objective of this research is to prototype a tool for visualizing decision-making behaviours in autonomous spacecraft. This visualization will serve as an information source for human analysts. The current visualization prototype for PIAudit combines traditional Decision Trees with Weights of Evidence.
North, Steve↗