Converting Food Waste to Energy [Slides]
Project Goal: divert organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and food waste while generating methane and renewable bioproducts.
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Project Goal: divert organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and food waste while generating methane and renewable bioproducts.
The counting of filters for gamma activity is often done with the sample situated very close or wrapped around the detector. This improves the counting statistics but can increase the probability of summing and affect the calculation of yield. An MCNP model of counter 137 (a 65% HPGe detector) was used to compute the total and peak efficiencies for two sample types, 40 and 20. The type 40 is a long filter strip wrapped in a Marinelli beaker which sits around the detector in an annular fashion. The type 20 is a 8.4 in radius filter, quarter-folded and placed flat on the detector face. A comparison of the peak efficiency computed in MCNP was compared to the measured efficiency to ensure consistency. Using the measured peak efficiency and MCNP-computed total efficiency, the TrueCoinc program was run to estimate the summing values for La-140 peaks. The results showed the summing out of two peaks (487 and 1596 keV) was around 6-8% in for both sample types.
For oil & gas producers that do not have real-time information on wells/production status, installing EDGE ip software on their sensors will reduce downtime, maintenance, and help make more money.
Defense and aerospace applications commonly utilize laser beam welding (LBW) and electron beam welding (EBW) to join highly critical joints. Joint configurations are not always susceptible to post-weld inspection.
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The Manhattan Project (MP) was the international project that led to production of the first nuclear weapons. It opened up a new chapter in human history that we now call the atomic age. The MP is an example of living history where multiple generations continue to learn and evaluate the full magnitude of its history, science, technology, and deterrence and security implications throughout time. The idea to have a student symposium about the MP grew out of conversations with colleagues and students. The prevailing opinion was indeed that there is a growing interest in history, science, politics, and security implications of the MP. We thought it would be useful to keep the direct dialog and discussion going to allow younger generations the chance to formulate their own opinion. The scope of the symposium is large, covers multiple topics, and is impossible to cover in detail in one day. We are trying to embrace a very wide spectrum of questions. The world around us is evolving and it is important to present, as completely as possible, an arc of facts about the MP and what followed. Hence, we have presentations covering the MP and broad issues of the nuclear age from the initial stages of the MP in 1942 to modern day. I believe it is important to have a forum that enables better appreciation and understanding of the MP among younger generations. Our hope is that this symposium will strengthen the ongoing dialog and create an open student forum to hear and learn about the MP.
At the most elementary level, the high explosive model in xRage (or many other hydro codes) computes the amount of material that changes from a high explosive reactant to a high explosive product during a time step and accounts for the energy added to the flow by this reaction. The actual chemical reactions that occur during this conversion are not modeled. These processes are very complicated and involve levels of spatial and temporal resolution that are generally not practical for an application code. They would also require a state variable representation that includes all of the chemical species that are produced by the reaction and account for multiple stage chemical reactions. Instead the explosive models we generally use are phenomenological and try to represent the most important physics that drive the explosive wave in a very simplified way. These models generally have a number of tunable parameters that must be calibrated to experiment.
In general, Monte Carlo methods simulate large numbers of random trials in order to observe numerical behavior of systems described by probabilistic behavior. In radiation transport, pseudo-random number generators are used to randomly sample individual particle lives.
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Project Outcomes: Designed and fabricated SS reaction vessels for executing reactions with UF 6 at SIGMA, followed by transport and analysis at TA-48; Established a new capability at SIGMA for performing small mass transfers of UF 6 ; Safety documentation approved for performing new UF 6 chemistry at SIGMA; Staff training and conversion opportunity established for LANL Seaborg post-doc; Neat reaction with HMDS (CH 3 ) 3 Si-Si(CH 3 ) 3 produced fluorosilanes; In reactions with solvents, fluorination observed. No DUF 4 observed yet. Observations: Only 4 reactions were completed – more clearly needed; Due to problems with procurement, we did not get the mass control flow (MFC) unit until late August; Due to staff and time shortages UF 4 was never delivered from SIGMA to TA-48 by SHIP-IT; Established ability for future collaboration between C and Sigma.