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Principal Investigator Dr. Ram Dhuley has led R&D efforts at the U.S. Department of Energy's Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory to design a cryocooler conduction-cooled SRF accelerator for e-beam irradiation treatment of wastewater. This is a spotlight on the accelerator design and its enabling core technologies.
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Cryocooler conduction cooled devices can experience significant cooldown time due to lower available cooling capacity compares to convection cooled devices. Therefore, the cooldown time is an important design parameter for conduction cooled devices. This article introduces a framework developed in Python for calculating the cooldown profiles and cooldown time of cryocooler conduction-cooled devices such as superconducting magnets and accelerator cavities. The cooldown time estimation problem is essentially a system of ordinary first-order differential equations comprising the material properties (temperature dependent thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity) of the components intertwined with the prevailing heat transfer channels (conduction, radiation, and heat flow across pressed contacts) and the cryocooler capacity. The formulation of this ODE system is first presented. This ODE system is then solved using the in-built Python library odeint. A case study is presented comprising a small cryocooler conduction-cooled copper stabilized niobium-titanium magnet. The case study is supplemented with the Python script enabling the reader to simply tweak the device design parameters and optimize the design from the point of view of slow/fast cooldown.
Flash radiography of hydrodynamic experiments driven by high explosives is a well-known diagnostic technique in use at many laboratories. At Los Alamos, the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) facility two linear induction electron accelerators (LIAs) make the bremsstrahlung radiographic source spots for point projection radiographs from orthogonal views. A new LIA, called Scorpius, is presently under development to advance this technology. To better understand electron-beam physics in these LIAs, numerical simulations are frequently performed with the objective of improving the radiography. At Los Alamos we frequently use the TRAK ray-trace and LSP particle-in-cell (PIC) codes to simulate the injector, and the XTR and LAMDA envelope/centroid codes along with LSP to simulate transport of the accelerated beam through the LIAs. The LIA simulations need the injected beam parameters as initial conditions for calculating beam transport and stability. The determination of these initial conditions is the topic of this note.
This summary report provides an overview of all LDRD projects at Argonne that concluded in Fiscal Year 2022. Many projects are funded for multiple years, the initial fiscal year for each project is indicated by the first four digits of the LDRD project number.
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This document specifies the acceptance criteria for the LMQXFA cold mass and cryoassembly. If all the requirements specified in this document are met, then the U.S. HL-LHC AUP LMQXFA and LQXFA deliverables will be accepted by Please note that the definition of threshold as it is being used by the American contribution is not the same as objective, according to the HL-LHC quality policy.
This presentation is an overview of the four projects I worked on during my first co-op term. The first project was a 3D-printed support for a horn that was being X-rayed. My second project was a website that compiled all data available on outgassing and created a comprehensive database. My third project was creating a cart for a PIP-II absorber that needs to be transported down the beamline using NX. My fourth and final project was testing a prototype of a collimator.
A muon collider is a particle accelerator that collides muons rather than protons or electrons. An important component of such a collider is cooling, in which the emittance of the muon beam is reduced to make it suitable for use in a collider. In the last stage of this process, called final 4D cooling, emittance in the transverse axes is reduced while emittance in the longitudinal axis is allowed to grow. In previous studies, Final 4-D cooling used absorbers within very high field solenoids to cool low-momentum muons. Simulations of the systems did not reach the desired cooling design goals. In this study, we develop and optimize a different conceptual design for the final 4D cooling channel, which is based on single thick wedges. We used G4Beamline to simulate the channel and Python to generate and analyze particle distributions. We characterized the effects of various parameters on the performance of this system, including the initial emittances and Twiss parameters, the length and angle of the wedges, the length of the drift channel, and the length, frequency, gradient, and phase of the RF cavities. We optimized the design parameters of the cooling channel and produced two conceptual designs (corresponding to two possible starting points for the input beam) which achieve transverse cooling in both x and y by a factor of ≈ 3.5. These channels achieve a lower transverse and longitudinal emittance than the best design previously published.
End goal - The CMMS automatically creates a Maintenance Request when a component was in a degraded condition.
Fermilab is working on superconducting accelerator magnet R&D under the framework of the U.S. MagnetDevelopment Program (USMDP). An integral part of that program is High Temperature Superconducting (HTS)accelerator magnet development to- demonstrate HTS self‐fields of 5 T or greater- be compatible with operation in hybrid LTS/HTS configuration• to probe fields beyond 16 T for future High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments
This document specifies test stand requirements for testing the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC, or HiLumi LHC) MQXFA magnets and LQXFA/B cryostat assemblies. Total of 12 (3 pre-series, 7 series production and 2 re-work) of these cryostat assemblies are expected to be fabricated and delivered to CERN by the U.S. HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (US HL-LHC AUP) as part of the U.S. contributions to the LHC High Luminosity Upgrade. These cryostat assemblies are the quadrupole magnetic components of the HL-LHC Q1 (LQXFA) and Q3 (LQXFB) inner triplet optical elements in front of the interactions points 1 (ATLAS) and 5 (CMS). One LMQXFA cold mass is installed in each cryostat assembly and each cold mass consists of two MQXFA quadrupole magnets. MQXFA, LMQXFA and LQXFA/B functional requirements are specified in [1,2,3].MQXFA magnets will be tested at BNL Vertical Magnet Test Facility (VMTF) and 12 cryostat assembly tests planned at Fermilab’s Horizontal Magnet Test Facility (HMTF). This document specifies the test stand functional requirements for testing MQXFA magnets and LQXFA/B cryostat assemblies.
The Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) Line is used to produce neutrino beams for the 8 GeV Neutrino Program at Fermilab. This talk will provide a summary of the BNB operations and an estimate of the neutrino flux that is produced by the beamline. The talk will also summarize the work to upgrade the system which records the longitudinal structure of the primary proton beam that is delivered to BNB production target.
Soft roboticists are facing challenges with reproducibility, which prevents researchers from making holistic comparisons to prior work, impedes full understanding of results, and forces the need to “reinvent the wheel,” delaying fundamental advances. Reproducibility of results is key to advancing science as well as achieving technology transfer from research laboratories to industrial applications. Recently, a discussion-based workshop dedicated to the topic, “Developing Standard Testing and Reporting Guidelines for Soft Robotics,” was held at IROS 2023 in Detroit, MI. The purpose of this document is to record a set of recommendations and voluntary draft guidelines for soft roboticists concerning fabrication/manufacturing, test procedures, and reporting, which were collectively developed at the workshop. Together as a community, we hope to improve the reporting standards of soft robotics and drive the field as a whole toward more rigorous research practices.
One possibility to make a fast and radiation resistant shower maximum (SM) detector or preshower detector is to use a secondary emitter (SE) as an active element. This method was proposed in 1990. Micro channel plates (MCP) were used as SE in the SM. The attractive properties of such SM are: 1) a two-dimensional map of energy at the SE location; 2) timing information at few tens of picosecond level, also as transverse shower size and 3) possible separation of electromagnetic and hadronic energy based on the differences of the shower size and timing. An electron-multiplier-based sampling calorimeter requires thin planar detectors at an affordable cost. Large-area photo detectors based on ALD-functionalized 20-cm-square borosilicate glass capillary micro-channel plates (MCPs), currently being developed by the LAPPD Collaboration, are candidates for the active elements. The first results of the new shower maximum detector with the micro channel plate photomultiplier (MCP-PMT) as active elements are described. The current proposal is the next natural step in this direction. The experimenters propose using large-area MCPs assembled without the usual bialkali photocathodes as the active element in sampling calorimeters. LAPPD modules without photocathodes can be economically assembled in a glove box and then pumped and sealed using the process to construct photomultipliers, bypassing the slow and expensive vacuum-transfer process required by bialkali photocathodes. The first use of electron multipliers, in this case MCPs (Fig. 1, left) as an active element in multi-layer sampling calorimeters is described. A chevron of two MCPs in vacuum, was located behind a tungsten plate on which 5 GeV and 26 GeV electrons were incident (Fig. 1, right). The amplitude of the MCP signal (Fig. 2) as a function of the tungsten thickness was measured. The primary electrons produce a shower of secondary particles, including positron-electron pairs and gammas; the response of the MCPs (Fig. 2, left) is proportional to the number of particles in the shower, which is dependent on the initial particle energy. The MCP signal shape is presented in the Fig. 2, right). The FWHM of the signal is 1 ns.
This report describes a chopper cascade suitable for a cold direct geometry spectrometer at a pulsed neutron source with a low repetition rate such as the Second Target Station (STS) currently being planned at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The chopper cascade offers the following capabilities: selection of a variable number of pulses per frame (flexible pulse suppression), selection of pulses with increasing timing separation within one frame, and an increasing pulse width ∆t within one frame, in order to achieve an even energy resolution over several pulses at different wavelengths across the frame.