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At least 649 records · Page 36

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NASA NTRS1985

Discrete Random Media Techniques for Microwave Modeling of Vegetated Terrain

Microwave remote sensing of vegetated terrain has been studied. Vegetation is modeled so that backscattered radar signals can be used to infer parameters which characterize the vegetation and underlying ground. The vegetation is modeled by discrete lossy dielectric scatterers with prescribed characteristics. The goal of the modeling effort is to remotely sense vegetation type (classification), growth stage, and plant/ground moisture. This information can then be used as input into agricultural, forestry and global circulation models. The microwave frequency spectrum, particularly L and C bands, are especially appropriate for this purpose since the wavelength is comparable to plant leaf and stem size. The resulting resonant interaction leads to backscattered data highly depend on plant shape and orientation. In addition, the transparent nature of the atmosphere in this frequency regime allows for algorithm development which requires no atmospheric correction.

Lang, R. H.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Spatial information technologies for remote sensing today and tomorrow; Proceedings of the Ninth Pecora Symposium, Sioux Falls, SD, October 2-4, 1984

Topics discussed at the symposium include hardware, geographic information system (GIS) implementation, processing remotely sensed data, spatial data structures, and NASA programs in remote sensing information systems. Attention is also given GIS applications, advanced techniques, artificial intelligence, graphics, spatial navigation, and classification. Papers are included on the design of computer software for geographic image processing, concepts for a global resource information system, algorithm development for spatial operators, and an application of expert systems technology to remotely sensed image analysis.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1987

Assessing the Reliability of NDE

Versatile FORTRAN computer algorithm developed for calculating and plotting reliability of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique for inspection of flaws. Developed specifically to determine reliability of radiographic and ultrasonic methods for detection of critical flaws in structural ceramic materials. Reliability displayed in form of plot of probability of detection versus flaw size. NDE methods used in such applications as diagnostic medicine, quality control in industrial production, and prediction of failure in structural components.

Roth, Don J.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Guidance law simulation studies for complex approaches using the Microwave Landing System (MLS)

This report documents results for MLS guidance algorithm development conducted by DAC for NASA under the Advance Transport Operating Systems (ATOPS) Technology Studies program (NAS1-18028). The study consisted of evaluating guidance laws for vertical and lateral path control, as well as speed control, by simulating an MLS approach for the Washington National Airport. This work is an extension and generalization of a previous ATOPS contract (NAS1-16202) completed by DAC in 1985. The Washington river approach was simulated by six waypoints and one glideslope change and consisted of an eleven nautical mile approach path. Tracking performance was generated for 10 cases representing several different conditions, which included MLS noise, steady wind, turbulence, and windshear. Results of this simulation phase are suitable for use in future fixed-base simulator evaluations employing actual hardware (autopilot and a performance management system), as well as crew procedures and information requirements for MLS.

Feather, J. B.↗

NASA NTRS1987

An Exponential Finite Difference Technique for Solving Partial Differential Equations

An exponential finite difference algorithm, as first presented by Bhattacharya for one-dimensianal steady-state, heat conduction in Cartesian coordinates, has been extended. The finite difference algorithm developed was used to solve the diffusion equation in one-dimensional cylindrical coordinates and applied to two- and three-dimensional problems in Cartesian coordinates. The method was also used to solve nonlinear partial differential equations in one (Burger's equation) and two (Boundary Layer equations) dimensional Cartesian coordinates. Predicted results were compared to exact solutions where available, or to results obtained by other numerical methods. It was found that the exponential finite difference method produced results that were more accurate than those obtained by other numerical methods, especially during the initial transient portion of the solution. Other applications made using the exponential finite difference technique included unsteady one-dimensional heat transfer with temperature varying thermal conductivity and the development of the temperature field in a laminar Couette flow.

Handschuh, Robert F.↗

NASA NTRS1987

Computational mechanics and physics at NASA Langley Research Center

An overview is given of computational mechanics and physics at NASA Langley Research Center. Computational analysis is a major component and tool in many of Langley's diverse research disciplines, as well as in the interdisciplinary research. Examples are given for algorithm development and advanced applications in aerodynamics, transition to turbulence and turbulence simulation, hypersonics, structures, and interdisciplinary optimization.

South, Jerry C., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1987

Spectral multigrid methods for the solution of homogeneous turbulence problems

New three-dimensional spectral multigrid algorithms are analyzed and implemented to solve the variable coefficient Helmholtz equation. Periodicity is assumed in all three directions which leads to a Fourier collocation representation. Convergence rates are theoretically predicted and confirmed through numerical tests. Residual averaging results in a spectral radius of 0.2 for the variable coefficient Poisson equation. In general, non-stationary Richardson must be used for the Helmholtz equation. The algorithms developed are applied to the large-eddy simulation of incompressible isotropic turbulence.

Erlebacher, G.↗

NASA NTRS1985

ICASE Computer Science Program

The Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering computer science program is discussed in outline form. Information is given on such topics as problem decomposition, algorithm development, programming languages, and parallel architectures.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1987

Qualitative evaluation of a flush air data system at transonic speeds and high angles of attack

Flight tests were performed on an F-14 aircraft to evaluate the use of flush pressure orifices on the nose section for obtaining air data at transonic speeds over a large range of flow angles. This program was part of a flight test and wind tunnel program to assess the accuracies of such systems for general use on aircraft. It also provided data to validate algorithms developed for the shuttle entry air data system designed at NASA Langley. Data were obtained for Mach numbers between 0.60 and 1.60, for angles of attack up to 26.0 deg, and for sideslip angles up to 11.0 deg. With careful calibration, a flush air data system with all flush orifices can provide accurate air data information over a large range of flow angles. Several orificies on the nose cap were found to be suitable for determination of stagnation pressure. Other orifices on the nose section aft of the nose cap were shown to be suitable for determination of static pressure. Pairs of orifices on the nose cap provided the most sensitive measurements for determining angles of attack and sideslip, although orifices located farther aft on the nose section could also be used.

Larson, Terry J.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Engine-Monitoring Algorithm

Allowances made for erroneous sensor readings. Algorithm developed to increase reliability of digital electronic control systems for aircraft turbine engines. Detects, isolates, and accommodates failures or errors in engine sensors. Generates engine-output estimates based on measurements of inputs and outputs and detects failures of input- and output-measuring sensors.

Merrill, Walter C.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Computing Flows Over Wavy Surfaces

Wind/wave interactions, drags, and related phenomena predicted. WAVEGEM package of algorithms developed to study two-dimensional turbulent flow past wavy surfaces. Written in FORTRAN 66 for batch execution.

Lin, John C.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Control Algorithms For Liquid-Cooled Garments

Three algorithms developed for control of cooling in protective garments. Metabolic rate inferred from temperatures of cooling liquid outlet and inlet, suitably filtered to account for thermal lag of human body. Temperature at inlet adjusted to value giving maximum comfort at inferred metabolic rate. Applicable to space suits, used for automatic control of cooling in suits worn by workers in radioactive, polluted, or otherwise hazardous environments. More effective than manual control, subject to frequent, overcompensated adjustments as level of activity varies.

Drew, B.↗

NASA NTRS1987

Dynamics Explorer guest investigator

Four objectives were accomplished during this reporting period. The visible auroral image conversion algorithms were compated with algorithms developed by Dr. M. H. Rees for data at different wavelengths. In the study 630 and 557 nm images were used to deduce the auroral energy flux and characteristic energy of the precipitating auroral electrons. The data for Southward IMF, B sub y negative conditions were collected and put into global format. A total of 55 sets of auroral images were obtained, and then converted to energy flux and characteristic energy data sets. The shortcoming of representing the high latitude convection pattern as a smooth function was written up and submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research. A series of midlatitude corotational model runs were performed to quantitatively show how the F region varied as a function of electric field, topside number flux, and a topside heat source.

Sojka, J. J.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Improved 3-D turbomachinery CFD algorithm

The building blocks of a computer algorithm developed for the time-accurate flow analysis of rotating machines are described. The flow model is a finite volume method utilizing a high resolution approximate Riemann solver for interface flux definitions. This block LU implicit numerical scheme possesses apparent unconditional stability. Multi-block composite gridding is used to orderly partition the field into a specified arrangement. Block interfaces, including dynamic interfaces, are treated such as to mimic interior block communication. Special attention is given to the reduction of in-core memory requirements by placing the burden on secondary storage media. Broad applicability is implied, although the results presented are restricted to that of an even blade count configuration. Several other configurations are presently under investigation, the results of which will appear in subsequent publications.

Janus, J. Mark↗

NASA NTRS1988

Applications of an exponential finite difference technique

An exponential finite difference scheme first presented by Bhattacharya for one dimensional unsteady heat conduction problems in Cartesian coordinates was extended. The finite difference algorithm developed was used to solve the unsteady diffusion equation in one dimensional cylindrical coordinates and was applied to two and three dimensional conduction problems in Cartesian coordinates. Heat conduction involving variable thermal conductivity was also investigated. The method was used to solve nonlinear partial differential equations in one and two dimensional Cartesian coordinates. Predicted results are compared to exact solutions where available or to results obtained by other numerical methods.

Handschuh, Robert F.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Spectral multigrid methods for the solution of homogeneous turbulence problems

Erlebacher, G.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Time-domain transient elastodynamic analysis of 3-D solids by BEM

The BEM algorithm developed by Banerjee and Ahmad (1985) and Banerjee et al. (1986) for the analysis of three-dimensional time-dependent elastodynamics problems is extended and refined to improve the accuracy of the internal stress predictions. A quadratic spatial shape function and a linear temporal shape function are employed, and the complete numerical implementation (as part of BEST3D) is outlined. Applications of the improved BEM to typical problems are presented graphically and briefly characterized. Included are spherical cavities subjected to sudden radial expansion, triangular or rectangular pulses of radial pressure, or ramp loading; a circular loaded area on a half space; and a flexible square plate foundation on an elastic half space.

Ahmad, S.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Robotic vision technology and algorithms for space applications

The vision data requirements for various automation and robotics applications for the Space Station are discussed. The advanced systems technology involved with robotic sensing for perception is reviewed, noting the unique requirements of vision systems in space. Three areas of algorithm development are discussed: shape extraction based on illumination, shape extraction by sensor fusion, and generalized image point correspondence. Possibilities for future developments in robotic vision technology are considered.

Krishen, Kumar↗