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DOE OSTI2025

Quantum simulation of charge and exciton transfer in multi-mode models using engineered reservoirs

Quantum simulation enables studies of open-system dynamics in non-perturbative regimes by programming electronic, vibrational, and environmental interactions on comparable energy scales. Trapped ions offer this capability, combining spins, phonons, and tunable dissipation on one platform. We demonstrate an open-system quantum simulation of charge and exciton transfer in a multi-mode linear vibronic coupling model. Using tailored spin-phonon interactions with reservoir engineering, we emulate a system with two dissipative vibrational modes coupled to donor and acceptor sites and track its non-equilibrium dynamics. We continuously tune the system from the charge transfer regime to the vibrationally assisted exciton transfer regime and find that degenerate modes enhance transfer rates at large energy gaps, while non-degenerate modes activate pathways that reduce the energy-gap dependence. Thus, the presence of one additional vibration introduces interfering pathways and reshapes non-perturbative excitation transfer. Our results establish a scalable, hardware-efficient route to simulate vibronic processes with engineered environments.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

NASA NTRS2008

Lunar Geologic Mapping Program: 2008 Update

The NASA Lunar Geologic Mapping Program is underway and a mappers handbook is in preparation. This program for systematic, global lunar geologic mapping at 1:2.5M scale incorporates digital, multi-scale data from a wide variety of sources. Many of these datasets have been tied to the new Unified Lunar Control Network 2005 [1] and are available online. This presentation summarizes the current status of this mapping program, the datasets now available, and how they might be used for mapping on the Moon.

Gaddis, L.↗

DOE OSTI2026

Multi-trait multi-environment genomic prediction strategies for Miscanthus sacchariflorus

Genomic selection holds the potential to serve as a strategic tool to enhance the genetic gain of complex traits in Miscanthus breeding programs. The development of improved cultivars requires their assessment for various traits across diverse environments to ensure suitable overall performance. Hence, the multi-trait multi-environment (MTME) genomic prediction (GP) models offer an opportunity to improve selection accuracy. This study aims to evaluate the potential of five GP models: (1) three MTME models including genotype-by-trait-by-environment interaction (G×E×T) and (2) two single-trait multi-environment (STME) models (with and without G×E interaction). A Miscanthus sacchariflorus population comprising 336 genotypes evaluated in three environments and scored for four traits (biomass yield YDY, total culm number TCM, average internode length AIL, and culm node number CNN) was analyzed. The predictive ability of the models was evaluated considering three cross-validation schemes resembling realistic scenarios (CV1: predicting new genotypes, CVP: predicting missing traits in a given environment, and CV2: predicting partially observed genotypes). On average, in all cross-validation schemes compared to the STME the predictive ability of the MTME models was 10% to 70% higher for TCM and AIL. On the other hand, for YDY and CNN, both STME models performed similarly or slightly better (between 5 to 64%) than the MTME models in most environments. While the MTME models were not successful for all traits when compared to their STME counterparts, MTME models improved the prediction of the performance of genotypes that were untested across environments or lacked trait information in a specific environment. Overall, our study suggests that MTME GP models can be implemented in Miscanthus breeding programs to improve the predictive ability of the complex traits, shorten breeding cycles, and accelerate selection decisions.

genomic prediction (GP)↗

NASA NTRS2016

Purpose, Principles, and Challenges of the NASA Engineering and Safety Center

NASA formed the NASA Engineering and Safety Center in 2003 following the Space Shuttle Columbia accident. It is an Agency level, program-independent engineering resource supporting NASA's missions, programs, and projects. It functions to identify, resolve, and communicate engineering issues, risks, and, particularly, alternative technical opinions, to NASA senior management. The goal is to help ensure fully informed, risk-based programmatic and operational decision-making processes. To date, the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) has conducted or is actively working over 600 technical studies and projects, spread across all NASA Mission Directorates, and for various other U.S. Government and non-governmental agencies and organizations. Since inception, NESC human spaceflight related activities, in particular, have transitioned from Shuttle Return-to-Flight and completion of the International Space Station (ISS) to ISS operations and Orion Multi-purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), Space Launch System (SLS), and Commercial Crew Program (CCP) vehicle design, integration, test, and certification. This transition has changed the character of NESC studies. For these development programs, the NESC must operate in a broader, system-level design and certification context as compared to the reactive, time-critical, hardware specific nature of flight operations support.

Gilbert, Michael G.↗

DOE OSTI2024

High Elevation Radiation Array (HERA) detectors for airborne thunderstorm investigations

A high-energy atmospheric physics phenomenon, referred to as a terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF), is associated with lightning and produces large bursts of energetic photon radiation. TGFs will be investigated using a suite of gamma-ray instruments designed and constructed to fly on ten United States Air Force (USAF) WC-130J Hurricane Hunter aircraft as part of an aircrew ionization study led by the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) and the United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM), in cooperation with the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron (WRS). Each instrument consists of one NaI and one plastic detector, a GPS timing device, and an instrument computer that performs data acquisition. High Elevation Radiation Array (HERA) detectors will be employed to maximize the chances of observing TGFs near their source and to gain a better understanding of their origin, mechanism, ubiquity, and to assess potential hazards posed to military and commercial aircrew and passengers. The HERA program, deployed on 10 separate Air Force aircraft over a multi-year campaign, will result in thousands of observational flight hours and be the largest concerted effort to date to observe TGFs in situ through aircraft observations. In this paper, we give an overview of the scientific goals of this campaign and how the HERA instruments have been designed to meet those goals. Here, we include a detailed description of the HERA instrument, along with mass model and signal processing simulations.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2025

Q-Fibre Quarterly Performance Progress Report

The project titled Quantitative Strain Monitoring for Well and Seal Integrity through Wellbore Fiber Optic Cable s, or Q-Fibre in short, is a multi-national collaborative project under the Clean Energy Transitional Partnership (CETP) program. The lead organization of the project is the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), and the LLNL team joins as a beneficiary member. The LLNL team receives the funding from the U.S. Department of Energy with the amount of $\$$1 million across three years, and the budget is primarily allocated to Work Package 3 (WP3) of the project, which focuses on Numerical Modeling of Fiber Optic Cable Data . Figure 1 presents all work packages involved in the project and corresponding lead organization for each work package. The LLNL team leads WP3.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2026

Mapping the Gap: Analysis of Nuclear Cybersecurity Education in U.S. Universities

The U.S. nuclear sector is undergoing rapid transformation, driven by the expansion of advanced reactors, digital modernization of legacy systems, and increasing interest in nuclear energy to meet AI-fueled energy demands. However, the cybersecurity talent pipeline is not keeping pace with this growth. This paper investigates the significant gap in nuclear cybersecurity education and proposes scalable strategies for colleges to address this critical need by promoting it as a viable and essential career path. Through a multi-institutional landscape analysis of 16 cybersecurity and 12 nuclear engineering programs, we found that nuclear cybersecurity is largely absent from university curricula. Most students are unaware of the field’s existence, and few institutions offer hands-on training or interdisciplinary exposure. This lack of awareness leads to a shortage of specialized talent, forcing nuclear facilities to retrain generalist hires or rely on costly external consultants. We present a framework for early pipeline cultivation grounded in Social Cognitive Career Theory and workforce development principles. Proposed solutions include student-led clubs, guest lectures, modular classroom kits, and summer boot camps. By increasing visibility and access to nuclear cyber content, we aim to break the self-reinforcing cycle of low awareness and limited specialization. This work underscores the critical role of education and advocacy in cultivating early interest and guiding students toward this emerging field. We call on academic institutions, national laboratories, and industry stakeholders to collaborate in establishing nuclear cybersecurity as a distinct and accessible career path within the broader cybersecurity and nuclear engineering ecosystems.

99 - GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

NASA NTRS1973

Adaptive on-line classification of multi-spectral scanner data

A possible solution to the analysis of the massive amounts of multi-spectral scanner data from the Earth Resource Technical Satellite (ERTS) program is proposed. This solution is offered as an adaptive on-line classification scheme. The classifier is described as well as its controller which is based on ground truth data. Cluster analysis is presented as an alternative approach to the ground truth data. Adaptive feature selection is discussed and possible mini-computer implementations are offered.

Fromm, F. R.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Pilot decision making in a computer-aided flight management situation

An experimental representation of a computer-aided multi-task flight management situation has been developed. A computer aiding program was implemented to serve as a back-up decision maker. An experiment was conducted with a balanced design of several subject runs for different workload levels. This was achieved using three levels of subsystem event arrival rates, three levels of control task involvement, and three levels of availability of computer aiding. Experimental results compared quite favorably with those from a computer simulation which employed a queueing model. It was shown that the aiding had enhanced system performance as well as subjective ratings, and that the adaptive aiding policy further reduced subsystem delay.

Chu, Y. Y.↗

NASA NTRS1983

FUNSTAT and statistical image representations

General ideas of functional statistical inference analysis of one sample and two samples, univariate and bivariate are outlined. ONESAM program is applied to analyze the univariate probability distributions of multi-spectral image data.

Parzen, E.↗

NASA NTRS1984

IMAGES: A digital computer program for interactive modal analysis and gain estimation for eigensystem synthesis

An interactive digital computer program for modal analysis and gain estimation for eigensystem synthesis was written. Both mathematical and operation considerations are described; however, the mathematical presentation is limited to those concepts essential to the operational capability of the program. The program is capable of both modal and spectral synthesis of multi-input control systems. It is user friendly, has scratchpad capability and dynamic memory, and can be used to design either state or output feedback systems.

Jones, R. L.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Automatically generated acceptance test: A software reliability experiment

This study presents results of a software reliability experiment investigating the feasibility of a new error detection method. The method can be used as an acceptance test and is solely based on empirical data about the behavior of internal states of a program. The experimental design uses the existing environment of a multi-version experiment previously conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center, in which the launch interceptor problem is used as a model. This allows the controlled experimental investigation of versions with well-known single and multiple faults, and the availability of an oracle permits the determination of the error detection performance of the test. Fault interaction phenomena are observed that have an amplifying effect on the number of error occurrences. Preliminary results indicate that all faults examined so far are detected by the acceptance test. This shows promise for further investigations, and for the employment of this test method on other applications.

Protzel, Peter W.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Research in planetary astronomy

The objective is the continuation of a long-term research program designed to study the composition, structure and processes operating on the surfaces of solar system objects using the Mauna Kea Observatory with techniques and modern instrumentation. Reflectance spectroscopy and multispectral imaging in the spectral region, 0.3 to 5.0 micrometer are the major techniques used, although thermal (10 micrometer and 20 micrometer) radiometry are used in some aspects of the research. Some specific projects include: (1) systematic spectral imaging observations of the Moon; (2) systematic spectral imaging and spectral monitoring of the Martian surface; (3) thermal radiometry of asteroids as part of the IRAS follow-up and other target specific programs; (4) searches for asteroid satellites and dust belts using a stellar coronagraph; and (5) studies of circumstellar disks using a stellar coronagraph. Progress for each of the programs included is discussed. minerals; (2) completed observations of lunar multi-ringed basins and crater deposits in search of high-Ca spectral anomalies; (3) completed data reduction of an additional 5 asteroids observed by the coronagraphic technique in the search for asteroids satellites and debris clouds; and (4) completed the reduction and calibration of 350 asteroids observed at 10 micron and 20 micron using the NASA IRTF.

Mccord, Thomas B.↗

NASA NTRS1994

Preparations for flight research to evaluate actuated forebody strakes on the F-18 high-alpha research vehicle

As part of the NASA High-Angle-of-Attack Technology Program (HATP), flight tests are currently being conducted with a multi-axis thrust vectoring system applied to the NASA F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV). A follow-on series of flight tests with the NASA F-18 HARV will be focusing on the application of actuated forebody strake controls. These controls are designed to provide increased levels of yaw control at high angles of attack where conventional aerodynamic controls become ineffective. The series of flight tests are collectively referred to as the Actuated Nose Strakes for Enhanced Rolling (ANSER) Flight Experiment. The development of actuated forebody strake controls for the F-18 HARV is discussed and a summary of the ground tests conducted in support of the flight experiment is provided. A summary of the preparations for the flight tests is also provided.

Murri, Daniel G.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Air pollution control system research: An iterative approach to developing affordable systems

This paper describes a Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project led jointly by the Marine Corps Multi-Commodity Maintenance Centers, and the Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL) of the USEPA. The research focuses on paint booth exhaust minimization using recirculation, and on volatile organic compound (VOC) oxidation by the modules of a hybrid air pollution control system. The research team is applying bench, pilot and full scale systems to accomplish the goals of reduced cost and improved effectiveness of air treatment systems for paint booth exhaust.

Watt, Lewis C.↗

NASA NTRS1996

Analysis of Thick Sandwich Shells with Embedded Ceramic Tiles

The Composite Armored Vehicle (CAV) is an advanced technology demonstrator of an all-composite ground combat vehicle. The CAV upper hull is made of a tough light-weight S2-glass/epoxy laminate with embedded ceramic tiles that serve as armor. The tiles are bonded to a rubber mat with a carefully selected, highly viscoelastic adhesive. The integration of armor and structure offers an efficient combination of ballistic protection and structural performance. The analysis of this anisotropic construction, with its inherent discontinuous and periodic nature, however, poses several challenges. The present paper describes a shell-based 'element-layering' technique that properly accounts for these effects and for the concentrated transverse shear flexibility in the rubber mat. One of the most important advantages of the element-layering technique over advanced higher-order elements is that it is based on conventional elements. This advantage allows the models to be portable to other structural analysis codes, a prerequisite in a program that involves the computational facilities of several manufacturers and government laboratories. The element-layering technique was implemented into an auto-layering program that automatically transforms a conventional shell model into a multi-layered model. The effects of tile layer homogenization, tile placement patterns, and tile gap size on the analysis results are described.

Davila, Carlos G.↗

NASA NTRS2005

Influence of Coronal Abundance Variations

During the final year of this program we concentrated on understanding the how to constrain the models with the best available observations. Work on developing accurate temperature and density diagnostics fkom TRACE and CDS together with constrained fits of non-potential force free fields will be extremely useful in the guiding the next generation of coronal models. The program has produced three fully operation numerical codes that model multi-species of ions in coronal loops: Static models and constant flow models. The time dependent numerical models have not been completed. We have extended the steady flow investigations to study the effect these flows have on coronal structure as observed with TRACE. Coronal observations derive from heavy-ion emission; thus, we focus on the extent to which flow may modify coronal abundances by examining the heavy-ion abundance stratification within long-lived loops. We discuss the magnitudes of the physical effects modeled and compare simulated results with TRACE observations. These results can have a profound effect on the interpretation of TRACE observations.

Gurman, Joseph↗

NASA NTRS2005

Deformation Response and Life of Metallic Composites

The project was initially funded for one year (for $100,764) to investigate the potential of particulate reinforced metals for aeropropulsion applications and to generate fatigue results that quantify the mean stress effect for a titanium alloy matrix material (TIMETAL 21S). The project was continued for a second year (for $85,000) to more closely investigate cyclic deformation, especially ratcheting, of the titanium alloy matrix at elevated temperature. Equipment was purchased (for $19,000) to make the experimental program feasible; this equipment included an extensometer calibrator and a multi-channel signal conditioning amplifier. The project was continued for a third year ($50,000) to conduct cyclic relaxation experiments aimed at validating the elastic-viscoelastic-viscoplastic model that NASA GRC had developed for the titanium alloy. Finally, a one-year no cost extension was granted to enable continued analysis of the experimental results and model comparisons.

Lissenden, Cliff J.↗