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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 649 records · Page 36
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1971

A Stability Analysis of Cylindrical Panels Using a Finite Element Formulation

A cylindrical finite element suitable for the linear stability analysis of cylindrical shells is developed. Energy principles and variational methods lead to a problem formulation which lends itself to physical interpretations of the governing matrices of the finite element. By properly grouping the terms which result from taking the second variation of the potential energy of the element, it is possible to identify three distinct types of matrices. The first matrix is the conventional stiffness matrix; the second is an initial stress stiffness matrix; and the third is an initial displacement stiffness matrix. With the assumption of linearity, the buckling problem is stated in terms of the classical linear real eigenvalue equation. This problem formulation was programmed on the CDC 6600 series computer. The computer program is used to analyze the buckling of a variety of structures. Columns, arches, flat plates and curved panels with and without cutouts are considered.

Snyder, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Computation of Reacting Flows in Combustion Processes

The main objective of this research was to develop an efficient three-dimensional computer code for chemically reacting flows. The main computer code developed is ALLSPD-3D. The ALLSPD-3D computer program is developed for the calculation of three-dimensional, chemically reacting flows with sprays. The ALL-SPD code employs a coupled, strongly implicit solution procedure for turbulent spray combustion flows. A stochastic droplet model and an efficient method for treatment of the spray source terms in the gas-phase equations are used to calculate the evaporating liquid sprays. The chemistry treatment in the code is general enough that an arbitrary number of reaction and species can be defined by the users. Also, it is written in generalized curvilinear coordinates with both multi-block and flexible internal blockage capabilities to handle complex geometries. In addition, for general industrial combustion applications, the code provides both dilution and transpiration cooling capabilities. The ALLSPD algorithm, which employs the preconditioning and eigenvalue rescaling techniques, is capable of providing efficient solution for flows with a wide range of Mach numbers. Although written for three-dimensional flows in general, the code can be used for two-dimensional and axisymmetric flow computations as well. The code is written in such a way that it can be run in various computer platforms (supercomputers, workstations and parallel processors) and the GUI (Graphical User Interface) should provide a user-friendly tool in setting up and running the code.

Keith, Theo G., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1982

An integration scheme to determine the dynamic response of a launch vehicle with several payloads

The coupled equations of motion of a system composed of a launch vehicle and multiple payloads are derived. In the process, it is shown how superfluous interface degrees of freedom on the booster side can be accommodated in the formulation. The discrete system equations are directly integrated, avoiding the solution of an expensive system eigenvalue problem. A modified Newmark-Chan-Beta numerical integration scheme is used to obtain the response. The unique form of the equations of motion allow for a quick and accurate solution both for the response and the internal loads. Although completely general, the presented technique is most effective when the number of interface degrees of freedom is relatively small compared to the overall number of degrees of freedom of the system. The technique is applied to the case of the S.T.S.-S.T.-OMS Kit system. Finally, an evaluation of the presented method is included.

Engels, R. C.↗
DOE OSTI2024

GPU-Accelerated Solution of the Bethe–Salpeter Equation for Large and Heterogeneous Systems

We present a massively parallel GPU-accelerated implementation of the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) for the calculation of the vertical excitation energies (VEEs) and optical absorption spectra of condensed and molecular systems, starting from single-particle eigenvalues and eigenvectors obtained with density functional theory. The algorithms adopted here circumvent the slowly converging sums over empty and occupied states and the inversion of large dielectric matrices through a density matrix perturbation theory approach and a low-rank decomposition of the screened Coulomb interaction, respectively. Further computational savings are achieved by exploiting the nearsightedness of the density matrix of semiconductors and insulators to reduce the number of screened Coulomb integrals. We scale our calculations to thousands of GPUs with a hierarchical loop and data distribution strategy. The efficacy of our method is demonstrated by computing the VEEs of several spin defects in wide-band-gap materials, showing that supercells with up to 1000 atoms are necessary to obtain converged results. We discuss the validity of the common approximation that solves the BSE with truncated sums over empty and occupied states. In conclusion, we then apply our GW-BSE implementation to a diamond lattice with 1727 atoms to study the symmetry breaking of triplet states caused by the interaction of a point defect with an extended line defect.

Absorption spectra↗
NASA NTRS1987

Simultaneous structural and control optimization via linear quadratic regulator eigenstructure assignment

A method for simultaneous structural and control design of large flexible space structures (LFSS) to reduce vibration generated by disturbances is presented. Desired natural frequencies and damping ratios for the closed loop system are achieved by using a combination of linear quadratic regulator (LQR) synthesis and numerical optimization techniques. The state and control weighing matrices (Q and R) are expressed in terms of structural parameters such as mass and stiffness. The design parameters are selected by numerical optimization so as to minimize the weight of the structure and to achieve the desired closed-loop eigenvalues. An illustrative example of the design of a two bar truss is presented.

Becus, G. A.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Parabolized stability equations

The parabolized stability equations (PSE) are a new approach to analyze the streamwise evolution of single or interacting Fourier modes in weakly nonparallel flows such as boundary layers. The concept rests on the decomposition of every mode into a slowly varying amplitude function and a wave function with slowly varying wave number. The neglect of the small second derivatives of the slowly varying functions with respect to the streamwise variable leads to an initial boundary-value problem that can be solved by numerical marching procedures. The PSE approach is valid in convectively unstable flows. The equations for a single mode are closely related to those of the traditional eigenvalue problems for linear stability analysis. However, the PSE approach does not exploit the homogeneity of the problem and, therefore, can be utilized to analyze forced modes and the nonlinear growth and interaction of an initial disturbance field. In contrast to the traditional patching of local solutions, the PSE provide the spatial evolution of modes with proper account for their history. The PSE approach allows studies of secondary instabilities without the constraints of the Floquet analysis and reproduces the established experimental, theoretical, and computational benchmark results on transition up to the breakdown stage. The method matches or exceeds the demonstrated capabilities of current spatial Navier-Stokes solvers at a small fraction of their computational cost. Recent applications include studies on localized or distributed receptivity and prediction of transition in model environments for realistic engineering problems. This report describes the basis, intricacies, and some applications of the PSE methodology.

Herbert, Thorwald↗
DOE OSTI2026

Subplane Decusping for BWRs in MPACT

Control blade cusping can introduce significant error in boiling water reactor (BWR) calculations with MPACT when blade tips fall partway within an axial method of characteristics (MOC) plane, requiring homogenization of controlled and uncontrolled regions. This work implements subplane decusping for BWRs in MPACT by enabling BWR-compatible subplane coarse mesh finite difference (CMFD) and extending the existing decusping framework to represent between-assembly control blades that insert from the bottom of the core. The method resolves axial heterogeneity on a refined subplane mesh in the low-order solve and uses the resulting subplane flux shape to form flux-volume homogenized transport cross sections for the partially rodded MOC plane. The capability is evaluated using a single physics General Electric (GE)-14 assembly and a multiphysics Peach Bottom Unit 2 Type 1 assembly (PB2T1A) with thermal hydraulic feedback. In both cases, coarse axial meshes with and without subplane decusping are compared against fine mesh reference solutions over the full range of blade withdrawal positions. Subplane decusping reduces maximum/average eigenvalue errors from 3,369/220 pcm to 303/36 pcm for GE-14 and from 6,689/585 pcm to 1,582/109 pcm for PB2T1A. Additionally, it reduces pin power root mean square errors from 5.2%/0.8% to 1.8%/0.2% for GE-14 and from 6.9%/0.6% to 2.3%/0.1% for PB2T1A. These results demonstrate an effective, practical correction for BWR blade cusping in VERA-MPACT.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS1992

Free-edge effects in laminates under extension, bending and twisting. II - Sublaminate/layer modeling and analysis

The stress-function-based variational method of Yin (1991) is extended and modified into a combined layer/sublaminate approach applicable to a laminated strip composed of a large number of differently orientated, anisotropic elastic plies. Lekhnitskii's (1963) stress functions are introduced into two interior layers adjacent to a particular interface. The remaining layers are grouped into an upper sublaminate and a lower sublaminate. The stress functions are expanded in truncated power series of the thickness coordinate, and the differential equations governing the coefficient functions are derived by using the complementary virtual work principle. The layer/sublaminate approach limits the dimension of the eigenvalue problem to a fixed number irrespective of the number of layers in the sublaminate, so that reasonably accurate solutions of the interlaminar stresses can be computed with extreme ease. For symmetric, four-layer, angle-ply and cross-ply laminates, a comparison of the previous analysis results based on the pure layer model and new results based on two different layer/sublaminate models indicates reasonable over-all agreement in the interlaminar stresses and superior agreement in the total peeling and shearing force.

Yin, Wan-Lee↗
NASA NTRS1993

Parallel-vector unsymmetric Eigen-Solver on high performance computers

The popular QR algorithm for solving all eigenvalues of an unsymmetric matrix is reviewed. Among the basic components in the QR algorithm, it was concluded from this study, that the reduction of an unsymmetric matrix to a Hessenberg form (before applying the QR algorithm itself) can be done effectively by exploiting the vector speed and multiple processors offered by modern high-performance computers. Numerical examples of several test cases have indicated that the proposed parallel-vector algorithm for converting a given unsymmetric matrix to a Hessenberg form offers computational advantages over the existing algorithm. The time saving obtained by the proposed methods is increased as the problem size increased.

Nguyen, Duc T.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Vibration and stress analysis of soft-bonded shuttle insulation tiles. Modal analysis with compact widely space stringers

An efficient iterative procedure is described for the vibration and modal stress analysis of reusable surface insulation (RSI) of multi-tiled space shuttle panels. The method, which is quite general, is rapidly convergent and highly useful for this application. A user-oriented computer program based upon this procedure and titled RESIST (REusable Surface Insulation Stresses) has been prepared for the analysis of compact, widely spaced, stringer-stiffened panels. RESIST, which uses finite element methods, obtains three dimensional tile stresses in the isolator, arrestor (if any) and RSI materials. Two dimensional stresses are obtained in the tile coating and the stringer-stiffened primary structure plate. A special feature of the program is that all the usual detailed finite element grid data is generated internally from a minimum of input data. The program can accommodate tile idealizations with up to 850 nodes (2550 degrees-of-freedom) and primary structure idealizations with a maximum of 10,000 degrees-of-freedom. The primary structure vibration capability is achieved through the development of a new rapid eigenvalue program named ALARM (Automatic LArge Reduction of Matrices to tridiagonal form).

Ojalvo, I. U.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Investigation of Nonlinear Pressurization and Model Restart in MSC/NASTRAN for Modeling Thin Film Inflatable Structures

This paper is written for the purpose of providing an introduction and set of guidelines for the use of a methodology for NASTRAN eigenvalue modeling of thin film inflatable structures. It is hoped that this paper will spare the reader from the problems and headaches the authors were confronted with during their investigation by presenting here not only an introduction and verification of the methodology, but also a discussion of the problems that this methodology can ensue. Our goal in this investigation was to verify the basic methodology through the creation and correlation of a simple model. An overview of thin film structures, their history, and their applications is given. Previous modeling work is then briefly discussed. An introduction is then given for the method of modeling. The specific mechanics of the method are then discussed in parallel with a basic discussion of NASTRAN s implementation of these mechanics. The problems encountered with the method are then given along with suggestions for their work-a-rounds. The methodology is verified through the correlation between an analytical model and modal test results of a thin film strut. Recommendations are given for the needed advancement of our understanding of this method and ability to accurately model thin film structures. Finally, conclusions are drawn regarding the usefulness of the methodology.

Smalley, Kurt B.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Thermographic Imaging of the Space Shuttle During Re-Entry Using a Near Infrared Sensor

High resolution calibrated near infrared (NIR) imagery of the Space Shuttle Orbiter was obtained during hypervelocity atmospheric re-entry of the STS-119, STS-125, STS-128, STS-131, STS-132, STS-133, and STS-134 missions. This data has provided information on the distribution of surface temperature and the state of the airflow over the windward surface of the Orbiter during descent. The thermal imagery complemented data collected with onboard surface thermocouple instrumentation. The spatially resolved global thermal measurements made during the Orbiter s hypersonic re-entry will provide critical flight data for reducing the uncertainty associated with present day ground-to-flight extrapolation techniques and current state-of-the-art empirical boundary-layer transition or turbulent heating prediction methods. Laminar and turbulent flight data is critical for the validation of physics-based, semi-empirical boundary-layer transition prediction methods as well as stimulating the validation of laminar numerical chemistry models and the development of turbulence models supporting NASA s next-generation spacecraft. In this paper we provide details of the NIR imaging system used on both air and land-based imaging assets. The paper will discuss calibrations performed on the NIR imaging systems that permitted conversion of captured radiant intensity (counts) to temperature values. Image processing techniques are presented to analyze the NIR data for vignetting distortion, best resolution, and image sharpness. Keywords: HYTHIRM, Space Shuttle thermography, hypersonic imaging, near infrared imaging, histogram analysis, singular value decomposition, eigenvalue image sharpness

Zalameda, Joseph N.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Free vibration analysis of spinning structural systems.

This article presents an efficient digital computer procedure, along with the complete listing of the associated computer program, which may be conveniently utilized for the accurate solution of a wide range of practical eigenvalue problems. Important applications of the present work are envisaged in the natural frequency analysis of spinning structures discretized by the finite element technique, and in the determination of transfer functions associated with the dynamic blocks of control systems of spacecraft utilizing gas jets or reaction wheels for attitude control, as well as of spin-stabilized and dual-spin-stabilized satellites. The validity of the Sturm sequence property is first established for the related matrix formulation involving Hermitian and real symmetric, positive-definite matrices, both being usually of highly banded configuration. A numerically stable algorithm based on the Sturm sequence method is then developed which fully exploits the banded form of the associated matrices.

Gupta, K. K.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Modern digital flight control system design for VTOL aircraft

Methods for and results from the design and evaluation of a digital flight control system (DFCS) for a CH-47B helicopter are presented. The DFCS employed proportional-integral control logic to provide rapid, precise response to automatic or manual guidance commands while following conventional or spiral-descent approach paths. It contained altitude- and velocity-command modes, and it adapted to varying flight conditions through gain scheduling. Extensive use was made of linear systems analysis techniques. The DFCS was designed, using linear-optimal estimation and control theory, and the effects of gain scheduling are assessed by examination of closed-loop eigenvalues and time responses.

Broussard, J. R.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Extending Orbital-Optimized Density Functional Theory to L-Edge XPS and Beyond: Spin–Orbit Coupling via Nonorthogonal Quasi-Degenerate Perturbation Theory

Quantum mechanical calculations of core electron binding energies (CEBEs) are relevant to interpreting X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Orbital-optimized density functional theory (OO-DFT) accurately predicts K-edge CEBEs but is challenged by the presence of significant spin–orbit coupling (SOC) at L- and higher edges involving inner-shell orbitals with nonzero angular momentum. Here, to extend OO-DFT to L-edges and higher, our method utilizes scalar-relativistic, spin-restricted open-shell OO-DFT to construct a minimal, quasi-degenerate basis of core-hole states corresponding to a chosen inner-shell (e.g., ionizing all six possible 2p spin orbitals). Nonorthogonal configuration interaction (NOCI) is then used to obtain the matrix elements of the full Hamiltonian including SOC in this quasi-degenerate model space of determinants. Using a screened 1-electron SOC operator parametrized with the Dirac-Coulomb-Breit (DCB) Hamiltonian results in doublet splitting (DS) values for third row elements that are nearly in quantitative agreement with experiment. The resulting NOCI eigenvalues are shifted by the average of the (scalar) OO-DFT CEBEs to yield CEBEs (split by SOC) corrected for dynamic correlation. Comparing calculations on gas phase molecules with experimental results establishes that NO-QDPT with the SCAN functional (NO-QDPT/SCAN), using the DCB screened 1-electron SOC operator is accurate to about 0.2 eV for L-edge CEBEs of molecules containing third row atoms. However, this NO-QDPT approach becomes less accurate for fourth-row elements starting in the middle of the 3d transition metal series, with errors increasing as atomic number increases.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS2000

Sliding Mode Control of the X-33 with an Engine Failure

Ascent flight control of the X-3 is performed using two XRS-2200 linear aerospike engines. in addition to aerosurfaces. The baseline control algorithms are PID with gain scheduling. Flight control using an innovative method. Sliding Mode Control. is presented for nominal and engine failed modes of flight. An easy to implement, robust controller. requiring no reconfiguration or gain scheduling is demonstrated through high fidelity flight simulations. The proposed sliding mode controller utilizes a two-loop structure and provides robust. de-coupled tracking of both orientation angle command profiles and angular rate command profiles in the presence of engine failure, bounded external disturbances (wind gusts) and uncertain matrix of inertia. Sliding mode control causes the angular rate and orientation angle tracking error dynamics to be constrained to linear, de-coupled, homogeneous, and vector valued differential equations with desired eigenvalues. Conditions that restrict engine failures to robustness domain of the sliding mode controller are derived. Overall stability of a two-loop flight control system is assessed. Simulation results show that the designed controller provides robust, accurate, de-coupled tracking of the orientation angle command profiles in the presence of external disturbances and vehicle inertia uncertainties, as well as the single engine failed case. The designed robust controller will significantly reduce the time and cost associated with flying new trajectory profiles or orbits, with new payloads, and with modified vehicles

Shtessel, Yuri B.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Numerical computation of exponential matrices using the Cayley-Hamilton theorem

A method for computing exponential matrices, which often arise naturally in the solution of systems of linear differential equations, is developed. An exponential matrix is generated as a linear combination of a finite number (equal to the matrix order) of matrices, the coefficients of which are scalar infinite sums. The method can be generalized to apply to any formal power series of matrices. Attention is focused upon the exponential function, and the matrix exponent is assumed tri-diagonal in form. In such cases, the terms in the coefficient infinite sums can be extracted, as recursion relations, from the characteristic polynomial of the matrix exponent. Two numerical examples are presented in some detail: (1) the three dimensional infinitesimal rotation rate matrix, which is skew symmetric, and (2) an N-dimensional tri-diagonal and symmetric finite difference matrix which arises in the numerical solution of the heat conduction partial differential equation. In the second example, the known eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the finite difference matrix permit an analytical solution for the exponential matrix, through the theory of diagonalization and similarity transformations, which is used for independent verification. The convergence properties of the scalar infinite summations are investigated for finite difference matrices of various orders up to ten, and it is found that the number of terms required for convergence increases slowly with the order of the matrix.

Walden, H.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Eigenvalue assignment strategies in rotor systems

The work done to establish the control and direction of effective eigenvalue excursions of lightly damped, speed dependent rotor systems using passive control is discussed. Both second order and sixth order bi-axis, quasi-linear, speed dependent generic models were investigated. In every case a single, bi-directional control bearing was used in a passive feedback stabilization loop to resist modal destabilization above the rotor critical speed. Assuming incomplete state measurement, sub-optimal control strategies were used to define the preferred location of the control bearing, the most effective measurement locations, and the best set of control gains to extend the speed range of stable operation. Speed dependent control gains were found by Powell's method to maximize the minimum modal damping ratio for the speed dependent linear model. An increase of 300 percent in stable speed operation was obtained for the sixth order linear system using passive control. Simulations were run to examine the effectiveness of the linear control law on nonlinear rotor models with bearing deadband. The maximum level of control effort (force) required by the control bearing to stabilize the rotor at speeds above the critical was determined for the models with bearing deadband.

Youngblood, J. N.↗