Effect of ionizing radiation on ruby
Optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques used to study ionizing radiation effect on ruby lasers
RADIATION EFFECT↗
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Results for “laser absorption”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy using an ultrashort pulse laboratory-scale laser-plasma accelerator
Laser-driven compact particle accelerators can provide ultrashort pulses of broadband X-rays, well suited for undertaking X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements on a femtosecond timescale. Here the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) features of the K-edge of a copper sample have been observed over a 250 eV window in a single shot using a laser wakefield accelerator, providing information on both the electronic and ionic structure simultaneously. This capability will allow the investigation of ultrafast processes, and in particular, probing high-energy-density matter and physics far-from-equilibrium where the sample refresh rate is slow and shot number is limited. For example, states that replicate the tremendous pressures and temperatures of planetary bodies or the conditions inside nuclear fusion reactions. Using high-power lasers to pump these samples also has the advantage of being inherently synchronised to the laser-driven X-ray probe. A perspective on the additional strengths of a laboratory-based ultrafast X-ray absorption source is presented.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Laser flash photolysis studies of atmospheric free radical chemistry using optical diagnostic techniques
Some recent studies carried out in our laboratory are described where laser flash photolytic production of reactant free radicals has been combined with reactant and/or product detection using time-resolved optical techniques to investigate the kinetics and mechanisms of important atmospheric chemical reactions. Discussed are (1) a study of the radical-radical reaction O + BrO yields Br + O2 where two photolysis lasers are employed to prepare the reaction mixture and where the reactants O and BrO are monitored simultaneously using atomic resonance fluorescence to detect O and multipass UV absorption to detect BrO; (2) a study of the reaction of atomic chlorine with dimethylsulfide (CH3SCH3) where atomic resonance fluorescence detection of Cl is employed to elucidate the kinetics and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is employed to investigate the HCl product yield; and (3) a study of the aqueous phase chemistry of Cl2(-) radicals where longpath UV absorption spectroscopy is employed to investigate the kinetics of the Cl2(-) + H2O reaction.
Wine, Paul H.↗
Infrared Absorption Spectra of H2SO4, SO3, SO2, and H2O at 300C and 350C
Mid infrared absorption spectra of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sulfur trioxide (SO3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and water (H2O) were collected in a high temperature gas cell operating at either 300C or 350C. The spectra were collected using tunable external cavity quantum cascade lasers (ECQCLs) tuning, which were capable of operating over the wavelength range from approximately 7 microns to 9 microns, where H2SO4 and SO3 have their strongest absorption features. The spectra can be used as a library for developing gas sensors.
infrared absorption↗
Saturated absorption in NH3 demonstrated using a tuneable diode laser
Saturation of molecular transitions using a tunable diode laser has been demonstrated for the first time using a standing-wave-cavity configuration with the laser beam focused at the sample. Observed saturation effects in NH3 transitions near 888 kaysers include sub-Doppler (Lamb-dip) resonances at the line center.
Jennings, D. E.↗
A High Spectral Resolution Lidar Based on Absorption Filter
A High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) that uses an iodine absorption filter and a tunable, narrow bandwidth Nd:YAG laser is demonstrated. The iodine absorption filter provides better performance than the Fabry-Perot etalon that it replaces. This study presents an instrument design that can be used a the basis for a design of a simple and robust lidar for the measurement of the optical properties of the atmosphere. The HSRL provides calibrated measurements of the optical properties of the atmospheric aerosols. These observations include measurements of aerosol backscatter cross sections, optical depth, backscatter phase function depolarization, and multiple scattering. The errors in the HSRL data are discussed and the effects of different errors on the measured optical parameters are shown.
Piironen, Paivi↗
Recent Development of Component Technologies for 2 micrometer LIDAR at JPL
Objective::Global-scale atmospheric measurements of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and other Green House Gases with full diurnal, full latitude, all season coverage capability. Implementation: Use of the laser- based Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) method at 1.57 and 2.05 microns. Airborne lasers are needed to demonstrate instrument capabilities, risk reduction and satellite measurement validation.
detector↗
High-sensitivity electronic Stark spectrometer featuring a laser-driven light source
We report developmental details of a high-sensitivity Stark absorption spectrometer featuring a laser-driven light source. The light source exhibits intensity fluctuations of ~0.3% over timescales ranging from 1 min to 12 h, minimal drift (≤0.1%/h), and very little 1/f noise at frequencies greater than 200 Hz, which are comparable to or better than an arc-driven light source. Additional features of the spectrometer include balanced detection with multiplex sampling, which yielded lower noise in A, and constant wavelength or wavenumber (energy) spectral bandpass modes. We achieve noise amplitudes of ~7 × 10 –4 and ~6 × 10 –6 in measurements of single A and ΔA spectra (with 92 data points) taking ~7 and ~19 min, respectively.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
Atmospheric solar absorption measurements in the 9-11 micron region using a diode laser heterodyne spectrometer
A tunable diode laser heterodyne radiometer was developed for ground based measurements of atmospheric solar absorption spectra in the 9 to 12 micron spectral range. The performance and operating characteristics of this tunable infrared heterodyne radiometer (TIHR) is discussed along with recently measured heterodyne solar absorption spectra in the 10 to 11 micron spectral region.
Harward, C. N.↗
Efficient Optical Control of Magnon Dynamics in van der Waals Ferromagnets
Optical control of magnons in two-dimensional (2D) materials promises new functionalities for spintronics and magnonics in atomically thin devices. Here, we report control of magnon dynamics, using laser polarization, in a ferromagnetic van der Waals (vdW) material, Fe 3.6 Co 1.4 GeTe 2 . The magnon amplitude, frequency, and lifetime are controlled and monitored by time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy. We show substantial (over 25%) and continuous modulation of magnon dynamics as a function of incident laser polarization. Our results suggest that the modification of the effective demagnetization field and magnetic anisotropy by the pump laser pulses with different polarizations is due to anisotropic optical absorption. This implies that pump laser pulses modify the local spin environment, which enables the launch of magnons with tunable dynamics. Our first-principles calculations confirm the anisotropic optical absorption of different crystal orientations. Our findings suggest a new route for the development of opto-spintronic or opto-magnonic devices.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Water vapor absorption coefficients in the 8-13-micron spectral region - A critical review
Measurements of water vapor absorption coefficients in the thermal IR atmospheric window (8-13 microns) during the past 20 years obtained by a variety of techniques are reviewed for consistency and compared with computed values based on the AFGL spectral data tapes. The methods of data collection considered were atmospheric long path absorption with a CO2 laser or a broadband source and filters, a White cell and a CO2 laser or a broadband source and a spectrometer, and a spectrophone with a CO2 laser. Advantages and disadvantages of each measurement approach are given as a guide to further research. Continuum absorption has apparently been measured accurately to about the 5-10 percent level in five of the measurements reported.
Grant, William B.↗
Detection of nitric oxide pollution
Studies of absorption spectra enhancement of certain atomic and molecular species inserter in dye-laser cavities have indicated that nitric oxide can be determined at low concentrations. Absorption coefficient of small amounts of nitric oxide in intra-laser-cavity absorption cell containing helium is enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude.
Chackerian, C., Jr.↗
Optical properties enhancement of thermal energy media for consistently high solar absorptivity
This study aimed to evaluate the optical properties of particles intended for use as thermal energy absorbers in generation 3 concentrated solar power systems. Their characterization involved UV–Vis NIR measurements with an integrating sphere for solar absorptivity, while a reflectometer was employed to measure thermal emittance. By combining absorptivity and emittance data, the solar absorption efficiency was calculated. Laser flash analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis were utilized to determine thermal conductivity and specific heat. The solar absorptivity of the particles was initially measured at 0.90. After exposure to air at 1000 °C, it decreased to 0.73. However, following a reduction process, the particle recovered absorptivity of 0.90. The thermal aging and recovery were repeated multiple times, consistently achieving an absorptivity of 0.90. The thermal conductivity of the particles ranged from 0.50 to 0.88 W/(m-K). Solar absorptivity was found to be influenced by the types of iron oxide present in the particles. Particles with a predominance of hematite exhibited decreased solar absorptivity, while those containing magnetite, wüstite, and iron showed increased absorptivity. The estimated cost of the developed particles was more than ten times lower than that of current products. Given that component costs significantly impact the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), this price reduction corresponded to an 8 % decrease in LCOE compared to other products. The low-cost thermal energy media show great promise for contributing to a reduced LCOE in the third generation of concentrating solar power systems.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Instantaneous flow measurements in a supersonic wind tunnel using spectrally resolved Rayleigh scattering
Results of a feasibility study to apply laser Rayleigh scattering to non-intrusively measure flow properties in a small supersonic wind tunnel are presented. The technique uses an injection seeded, frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser tuned to an absorption band of iodine. The molecular Rayleigh scattered light is filtered with an iodine cell to block light at the laser frequency. The Doppler-shifted Rayleigh scattered light that passes through the iodine cell is analyzed with a planar mirror Fabry-Perot interferometer used in a static imaging mode. An intensified CCD camera is used to record the images. The images are analyzed at several subregions, where the flow velocity is determined. Each image is obtained with a single laser pulse, giving instantaneous measurements.
Seasholtz, Richard G.↗
Laser beam methane detector
Instrument uses infrared absorption to determine methane concentration in liquid natural gas vapor. Two sensors measure intensity of 3.39 mm laser beam after it passes through gas; absorption is proportional to concentration of methane. Instrument is used in modeling spread of LNG clouds and as leak detector on LNG carriers and installations. Unit includes wheels for mobility and is both vertically and horizontally operable.
Hinkley, E. D., Jr.↗
2-Micron Laser Transmitter for Coherent CO2 DIAL Measurement
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been recognized as one of the most important greenhouse gases. It is essential for the study of global warming to accurately measure the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and continuously record its variation. A high repetition rate, highly efficient, Q-switched 2-micron laser system as the transmitter of a coherent differential absorption lidar for CO2 measurement has been developed in NASA Langley Research Center. This laser system is capable of making a vertical profiling of CO2 from ground and column measurement of CO2 from air and space-borne platform. The transmitter is a master-slave laser system. The master laser operates in a single frequency, either on-line or off-line of a selected CO2 absorption line. The slave laser is a Q-switched ring-cavity Ho:YLF laser which is pumped by a Tm:fiber laser. The repetition rate can be adjusted from a few hundred Hz to 10 kHz. The injection seeding success rate is from 99.4% to 99.95%. For 1 kHz operation, the output pulse energy is 5.5mJ with the pulse length of ~50 ns. The optical-to-optical efficiency is 39% when the pump power is 14.5W. A Ho:YLF laser operating in the range of 2.05 micrometers can be tuned over several characteristic lines of CO2 absorption. Experimentally, a diode pumped Ho:Tm:YLF laser has been successfully used as the transmitter of coherent differential absorption lidar for the measurement of CO2 with a repetition rate of 5 Hz and pulse energy of 75 mJ. For coherent detection, high repetition rate is required for speckle averaging to obtain highly precise measurements. However, a diode pumped Ho:Tm:YLF laser can not operate in high repetition rate due to the large heat loading and up-conversion. A Tm:fiber laser pumped Ho:YLF laser with low heat loading can operate in high repetition rate. A theoretical model has been established to simulate the performance of Tm:fiber laser pumped Ho:YLF lasers. For continuous wave (CW) operation, high pump intensity with small beam size is suitable for high efficiency. For Q-switched operation, the optimal energy extraction relies on the pump intensity, pump volume, and pump duration which is inversely proportion to the repetition rate. CW and Q-switched Ho:YLF lasers with different linear cavity configurations have been designed and demonstrated for a 30 W Tm:fiber pump laser. The CW Ho laser slope efficiency and optical-to-optical efficiencies reach 65% and 55%, respectively. The pulsed laser efficiency depends on the repetition rate. For 1 kHz operation, the optical-to-optical efficiency is 39% when the pump power is 14.5W. Currently, the injection seeding success rate is between 99.4% and 99.95%. After a ten thousand pulses, the standard deviation of the laser frequency jitter is about 3 MHz. It meets the requirements of highly precise CO2 concentration measurement. In conclusion, an injection seeded, high repetition rate, Q-switched Ho:YLF laser has been developed for a coherent CO2 differential absorption lidar. This master-slave laser system has high optical-to-optical efficiency and seeding success rate. It can potentially meet the requirements of the coherent detection of CO2 concentration by a differential absorption lidar technique.
Singh, Upendra N.↗
Laser Velocimeter for Studies of Microgravity Combustion Flowfields
We are currently developing a velocimeter based on modulated filtered Rayleigh scattering (MFRS), utilizing diode lasers to make measurements in an unseeded gas or flame. MFRS is a novel variation of filtered Rayleigh scattering, utilizing modulation absorption spectroscopy to detect a strong absorption of a weak Rayleigh scattered signal. A rubidium (Rb) vapor filter is used to provide the relatively strong absorption and semiconductor diode lasers generate the relatively weak Rayleigh scattered signal. Alkali metal vapors have a high optical depth at modest vapor pressures, and their narrow linewidth is ideally suited for high-resolution velocimetry; the compact, rugged construction of diode lasers makes them ideally suited for microgravity experimentation. Molecular Rayleigh scattering of laser light simplifies flow measurements as it obviates the complications of flow-seeding. The MFRS velocimeter should offer an attractive alternative to comparable systems, providing a relatively inexpensive means of measuring velocity in unseeded flows and flames.
Varghese, P. L.↗
Soft X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy With a Flat Liquid Jet in Vacuum Using a Table‐Top Laser‐Induced Plasma Source
ABSTRACT In this work, we demonstrate the integration of a flat liquid jet sample delivery system into a compact soft x‐ray absorption spectrometer using a table‐top laser‐induced plasma source. A high‐speed flat liquid sheet is formed by the collision of two cylindrical jets. This micrometer‐thin lamella can ideally be utilized for transmission‐mode soft x‐ray absorption spectroscopy using krypton plasma emission. Detailed analysis of the jet's thickness profile is achieved applying Lambert–Beer's law. Measurements on water, focusing on the oxygen K‐edge, reveal a lamella thickness profile ranging from 500 nm to 1 μm over a length of 3.8 mm. Additionally, we have investigated aqueous solutions of iron salts, capturing near edge x‐ray absorption fine structure spectra over a broad spectral range from the nitrogen K‐edge to the iron L‐edge. Focused analysis on iron species in aqueous solutions enabled us to distinguish quantitatively between the oxidation states of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ at the iron L‐edge. Our results are compared with measurements obtained under similar conditions at a synchrotron.
Holburg, Jonathan [Department Optics/Short Wavelen↗