Life detection by visual imaging.
Macroscopic and microscopic visual detection of life on Mars noting telemetry, photometry, data processing, etc
Sloan, R. K.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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The Deep Space Network, volume 4 Progress report, May - Jun. 1971
Deep Space Network mission support activities, telemetry, and data systems for Pioneer, Helios, Viking, and Mars 71 projects
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A flexibly programmable spacecraft data handling system
Flexibly programmable spacecraft data handling system, considering computer aided telemetry system for data acquisition and transmission
Easton, R. A.↗
ERTS A and B - The engineering system
ERTS A and B projects, describing satellite communications, data handling, telemetry, tracking and command, thermal control, orbit-adjust, image processing and ground equipment
George, T. A.↗
Remote sensing X-ray spectrometer
Spectrometer measures chemical composition of lunar rocks by remote sensing from orbit and senses lunar X-rays produced by interaction of solar X-rays and elements on the lunar surface. Instrument features high sensitivity, data handling system that accumulates and prepares data for telemetry, and automatic calibration.
Adler, I.↗
A shuttle and space station manipulator system for assembly, docking, maintenance, cargo handling and spacecraft retrieval (preliminary design). Volume 3: Concept analysis. Part 1: Technical
Information backing up the key features of the manipulator system concept and detailed technical information on the subsystems are presented. Space station assembly and shuttle cargo handling tasks are emphasized in the concept analysis because they involve shuttle berthing, transferring the manipulator boom between shuttle and station, station assembly, and cargo handling. Emphasis is also placed on maximizing commonality in the system areas of manipulator booms, general purpose end effectors, control and display, data processing, telemetry, dedicated computers, and control station design.
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The NAS-PAK Logic System
The design and fabrication of telemetry ground data processing equipment using commercial logic cards or modules are discussed. A microelectronics program was initiated to evaluate circuitry, packaging methods, and fabrication approaches necessary to produce a competitively procured logic system. The NAS-PAK logic system covering all phases of implementation is considered.
Billingsley, J.↗
Star sensor/mapper with a self deployable, high-attenuation light shade for SAS-B
A star sensor/mapper to determine positional data for the small astronomy satellites was tested to detect stars of plus 4 visual magnitude. It utilizes two information channels with memory so that it can be used with a low-data-rate telemetry system. One channel yields star amplitude information; the other yields the time of star occurrence as the star passes across an N-slit reticle/photomultiplier detector system. Some of the features of the star sensor/mapper are its low weight of 6.5 pounds, low power consumption of 0.4 watt, bandwidth switching to match the satellite spin rate, optical equalization of sensitivity over the 5-by-10 deg field of view, and self-deployable sunshade. The attitude determination accuracy is 3 arc minutes. This is determined by such parameters as the reticle configuration, optical train, and telemetry readout. The optical and electronic design of the star sensor/mapper, its expansion capabilities, and its features are discussed.
Schenkel, F. W.↗
Digital receiver study and implementation
Computer software was developed which makes it possible to use any general purpose computer with A/D conversion capability as a PSK receiver for low data rate telemetry processing. Carrier tracking, bit synchronization, and matched filter detection are all performed digitally. To aid in the implementation of optimum computer processors, a study of general digital processing techniques was performed which emphasized various techniques for digitizing general analog systems. In particular, the phase-locked loop was extensively analyzed as a typical non-linear communication element. Bayesian estimation techniques for PSK demodulation were studied. A hardware implementation of the digital Costas loop was developed.
Fogle, D. A.↗
Coronary flow and left ventricular function during environmental stress.
A canine model was used to study the effects of different environmental stresses on the heart and coronary circulation. The heart was surgically instrumented to measure coronary blood flow, left ventricular pressure, and other cardiovascular variables. Coronary flow was recorded by telemetry. Physiologic data were processed and analyzed by analog and digital computers. By these methods the physiologic response to altitude hypoxia, carbon monoxide, hypercapnia, acceleration, exercise, and the interaction of altitude hypoxia and carbon monoxide were described. The effects of some of these stresses on the heart and coronary circulation are discussed.
Erickson, H. H.↗
The role of satellites in snow and ice measurements
Earth-orbiting polar satellites are desirable platforms for the remote sensing of snow and ice. Geostationary satellites at a very high altitude (35,900 km) are also desirable platforms for many remote sensors, for communications relay, for flood warning systems, and for telemetry of data from unattended instrumentation in remote, inaccessible places such as the Arctic, Antarctic, or mountain tops. Optimum use of satellite platforms is achieved only after careful consideration of the temporal, spatial, and spectral requirements of the environmental mission. The National Environmental Satellite Service will maintain both types of environmental satellites as part of its mission.
Wiesnet, D. R.↗
Program verification document for the ASTP flight program
The various segments of the Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) flight program were verified. This included checks on the following: general verification, reference systems and transformations, launch preparations, boost navigation and guidance, orbital navigation and guidance, time bases, discretes, and interrupts, launch vehicle attitude control, switch selector processing, digital command system, real time telemetry and data compression, and algorithms.
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An analysis of communications blackout for Pioneer Venus entry probes
Estimates of the maximum duration of communications blackout are presented for a proposed Pioneer Venus mission involving a multiprobe entry targeted to individual impact sites. Calculations of the inviscid flow about the probes have been made using both finite-rate chemistry and equilibrium chemistry computer codes. Equilibrium boundary-layer calculations including ablation are also presented both with and without the presence of alkali metal contaminants from the heat shield. Methods are described for estimating maximum electron density in the inviscid wake and the recirculation region at the base of the probes. The results presented provide a conservative basis for planning for storage and subsequent telemetry of data during the entry phase of the mission.
Grose, W. L.↗
Snow wetness measurements for melt forecasting
A microwave technique for directly measuring snow pack wetness in remote installations is described. The technique, which uses satellite telemetry for data gathering, is based on the attenuation of a microwave beam in transmission through snow.
Linlor, W. I.↗
Mission design for a halo orbiter of the earth
The International Sun-Earth Explorer (ISEE) scientific satellite to be stationed in 1978 in the vicinity of the sun-earth interior libration point to continuously monitor the space between the sun and the earth, including the distant geomagnetic tail is described. Orbit selection considerations for the ISEE-C are discussed along with stationkeeping requirements and fuel-optimal trajectories. Due to the alignment of the interior libration point with the sun as viewed from the earth, it will be necessary to place the satellite into a 'halo orbit' around the libration point, in order to eliminate solar interference with down-link telemetry. Parametric data for transfer trajectories between an earth parking orbit (altitude about 185 km) and a libration-point orbit are presented. It is shown that the insertion magnitude required for placing a satellite into an acceptable halo orbit is rather modest.
Farquhar, R. W.↗
Orbital construction demonstration study
A conceptual design and program plan for an Orbital Construction Demonstration Article (OCDA) was developed that can be used for evaluating and establishing practical large structural assembly operations. A flight plan for initial placement and continued utility is presented as a basic for an entirely new shuttle payload line-item having great future potential benefit for space applications. The OCDA is a three-axis stabilized platform in low-earth orbit with many structural nodals for mounting large construction and fabrication equipments. This equipment would be used to explore methods for constructing the large structures for future missions. The OCDA would be supported at regular intervals by the shuttle. Construction experiments and consumables resupply are performed during shuttle visit periods. A 250 kw solar array provides sufficient power to support the shuttle while attached to the OCDA and to run construction experiments at the same time. Wide band communications with a Telemetry and Data Relay Satellite compatible high gain antenna can be used between shuttle revisits to perform remote controlled, TV assisted construction experiments.
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On the correction for quantization effects in signal-to-noise ratio estimation
In sampled data digital telemetry systems the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is typically derived as a function of the moments of the digitized input stream (e.g., the receiver output). This analog to digital conversion process is itself an additional noise source known as the quantization noise. Thus a digitally measured SNR will only approximately represent the SNR of the analog input signal. A procedure (Sheppard's corrections) for correcting moments of any order for this quantization effect is presented.
Howard, L.↗
Real-Time Reed-Solomon Decoder
RS decoder uses dedicated hardware and data pipelining for high-speed operation. Parallel processing techniques provide equivalent of over one billion operations per second at one step in decoding. Decoder finds commercial application in data encoding/decoding, telemetry, and radio communications.
Lahmeyer, C. R.↗