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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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666 records · Page 37
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Fast wave interferometer for ion density measurement on DIII-D

=A fast wave interferometer (FWI), which can measure ion mass density, has been developed on DIII-D for its use on future fusion reactors, as well as for the study of ion behavior in current plasma devices. The frequency of the fast waves used for the FWI is around 60 MHz, and require antennas and coaxial cables or waveguides, which, unlike traditional mirror-based optical interferometers, are less susceptible to neutron/gamma-ray radiation and are relatively immune to impurity deposition and erosion as well as alignment issues. The bulk ion density evaluated using FWI show good agreement with that derived from CO 2 interferometry within about 15%. When the ion mass density measurement by FWI is combined with an electron density measurement from CO 2 interferometry, Z eff measurements are also enabled and are in agreement with those from visible Bremsstrahlung measurements. Additionally, large-bandwidth FWI measurements clearly resolve 10–100 kHz coherent modes and demonstrate its potential as a core fluctuation diagnostic, sensitive to both magnetic and ion density perturbations.

Instruments & Instrumentation↗
DOE OSTI2023

Nematic fluctuations in an orbital selective superconductor Fe 1+ y Te 1– x Se x

Fe 1+y Te 1–x Se x is characterized by its complex magnetic phase diagram and highly orbital-dependent band renormalization. Despite this, the behavior of nematicity and nematic fluctuations, especially for high tellurium concentrations, remains largely unknown. Here we present a study of both B 1 g and B 2 g nematic fluctuations in Fe 1+y Te 1–x Se x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.53) using the technique of elastoresistivity measurement. We discovered that the nematic fluctuations in two symmetry channels are closely linked to the corresponding spin fluctuations, confirming the intertwined nature of these two degrees of freedom. We also revealed an unusual temperature dependence of the nematic susceptibility, which we attributed to a loss of coherence of the d xy orbital. Our results highlight the importance of orbital differentiation on the nematic properties of iron-based materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Quantum embedding study of strain- and electric-field-induced Stark effects on the NV - center in diamond

The NV - color center in diamond has been demonstrated as a powerful nanosensor for quantum metrology due to the sensitivity of its optical and spin properties to external electric, magnetic, and strain fields. In view of these applications, we use quantum embedding to derive a many-body description of strain- and electric-field-induced Stark effects on the NV - center. Here, we quantify how strain longitudinal to the axis of NV - shifts the excited states in energy, while strain with a component transverse to the NV - axis splits the degeneracies of the 3 E and 1 E states. The largest effects are for the optically relevant 3 E manifold, which splits into E x and E y with transverse strain. From these responses we extract strain susceptibilities for the E x/y states within the quasilinear regime. Additionally, we study the many-body dipole matrix elements of the NV - and find a permanent dipole 1.6 D at zero strain, which is somewhat smaller than that obtained from recent density functional theory calculations. We also determine the transition dipole between the E x and E y and how it evolves with strain.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Reconstructing the spatial structure of quantum correlations in materials

Quantum correlations are a fundamental property of quantum many-body states. Yet they remain experimentally elusive, hindering certification of genuine quantum behavior, especially in quantum materials. Here we show that the momentum-dependent dynamical susceptibility measured via inelastic neutron scattering enables the systematic reconstruction of a general family of quantum correlation functions, which express the degree of quantum coherence in the fluctuations of two spins at an arbitrary mutual distance. Using neutron scattering data for the compound KCuF 3 —a system of weakly coupled S = 1 / 2 Heisenberg chains—and numerically exact quantum Monte Carlo data, we show that quantum correlations possess a radically different spatial structure with respect to conventional correlations. Indeed, they exhibit a different emergent length scale—the quantum coherence length—which is finite at any finite temperature (including when long-range magnetic order develops). Moreover, we show theoretically that coupled Heisenberg spin chains exhibit a form of quantum monogamy, with a trade-off between quantum correlations along and transverse to the spin chains. These results highlight real-space quantum correlators as an informative, model-independent means of probing the underlying quantum state of real quantum materials. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Evaluating efficacy of different UV-stabilizers/absorbers in reducing UV-degradation of lignin

Abstract Susceptibility of wood to UV degradation decreases the service life of wood products outdoors. Organic UV absorbers (UVAs) and hindered amine light stabilizers (HALSs), as well as inorganic UVAs, are added to coatings to improve the UV stability of coated-wood products. Although about 85% of UV radiation is absorbed by lignin in the wood, it is unclear which UV stabilizers can minimize lignin degradation. In this study, the photodegradation of softwood organosolv lignin was monitored over 35 days of UV exposure. Changes in lignin properties were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 31 P NMR). It was found that the aromatic rings of lignin underwent significant degradation, resulting in increased glass transition temperature and molecular weight of lignin. Subsequently, 18 different additives were mixed with lignin and exposed to UV irradiation. The analysis of samples before and after UV exposure with FTIR revealed that inorganic UVAs (cerium oxide and zinc oxide) and a mixture of organic UVAs and HALSs (T-479/T-292, T-5248, and T-5333) were the most effective additives in reducing lignin degradation. This study can help coating scientists to formulate more durable transparent exterior wood coatings.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Mesoscopic critical fluctuations

Here, we investigate the magnetic fluctuations in a mesoscopic critical region formed at the interface due to smooth time-independent spatial variations of a control parameter around its critical value. In the proximity of the spatial critical point, the order parameter fluctuations exhibit a mesoscopic nature, characterized by their significant size compared to the lattice constant, while gradually decaying away from the critical region. To explain this phenomenon, we present a minimal model that effectively captures this behavior and demonstrates its connection to the integrable Painlevé-II equation governing the local order parameter. By leveraging the well-established mathematical properties of this equation, we gain valuable insights into the nonlinear susceptibilities exhibited within this region.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantum spin nematic phase in a square-lattice iridate

Spin nematic is a magnetic analogue of classical liquid crystals, a fourth state of matter exhibiting characteristics of both liquid and solid. Particularly intriguing is a valence-bond spin nematic, in which spins are quantum entangled to form a multipolar order without breaking time-reversal symmetry, but its unambiguous experimental realization remains elusive. Here, in this study, we establish a spin nematic phase in the square-lattice iridate Sr 2 IrO 4 , which approximately realizes a pseudospin one-half Heisenberg antiferromagnet in the strong spin-orbit coupling limit. Upon cooling, the transition into the spin nematic phase at T C approximate to 263 K is marked by a divergence in the static spin quadrupole susceptibility extracted from our Raman spectra and concomitant emergence of a collective mode associated with the spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetries. The quadrupolar order persists in the antiferromagnetic phase below TN approximate to 230 K and becomes directly observable through its interference with the antiferromagnetic order in resonant X-ray diffraction, which allows us to uniquely determine its spatial structure. Further, we find using resonant inelastic X-ray scattering a complete breakdown of coherent magnon excitations at short-wavelength scales, suggesting a many-body quantum entanglement in the antiferromagnetic state. Taken together, our results reveal a quantum order underlying the Neel antiferromagnet that is widely believed to be intimately connected to the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity. We establish a spin nematic phase in the square-lattice iridate Sr 2 IrO 4 and find a complete breakdown of coherent magnon excitations at short-wavelength scales, suggesting a many-body quantum entanglement in the antiferromagnetic state.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Thermodynamics and collisionality in firehose-susceptible high- β plasmas

We study the evolution of collisionless plasmas that, due to their macroscopic evolution, are susceptible to the firehose instability, using both analytic theory and hybrid-kinetic particle-in-cell simulations. We establish that, depending on the relative magnitude of the plasma β, the characteristic time scale of macroscopic evolution and the ion-Larmor frequency, the saturation of the firehose instability in high-β plasmas can result in three qualitatively distinct thermodynamic (and electromagnetic) states. By contrast with the previously identified ‘ultra-high-beta’ and ‘Alfvén-inhibiting’ states, the newly identified ‘Alfvén-enabling’ state, which is realised when the macroscopic evolution time τ exceeds the ion-Larmor frequency by a β-dependent critical parameter, can support linear Alfvén waves and Alfvénic turbulence because the magnetic tension associated with the plasma’s macroscopic magnetic field is never completely negated by anisotropic pressure forces. We characterise these states in detail, including their saturated magnetic-energy spectra. The effective collision operator associated with the firehose fluctuations is also described; we find it to be well approximated in the Alfvén-enabling state by a simple quasi-linear pitch-angle scattering operator. The box-averaged collision frequency is ν eff ∼ β/τ, in agreement with previous results, but certain subpopulations of particles scatter at a much larger (or smaller) rate depending on their velocity in the direction parallel to the magnetic field. Our findings are essential for understanding low-collisionality astrophysical plasmas including the solar wind, the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters and black hole accretion flows. We show that all three of these plasmas are in the Alfvén-enabling regime of firehose saturation and discuss the implications of this result.

astrophysical plasmas↗
DOE OSTI2020

Material erosion measurements and expected operational lifetime of a deployable photon sieve payload

Spacecraft operating in low-Earth orbit are subjected to a number of hazardous environmental constituents that can lead to decreased system performance and reduced operational lifetimes. Due to their thermal, optical, and mechanical properties, polymers are used extensively in space systems; however they are particularly susceptible to material erosion and degradation as a result of exposure to the LEO environment. The focus of this research is to examine the material erosion and mass loss experienced by a custom Kaptonlike polyimide due to exposure in a simulated low-earth orbit environment. The deployable membrane telescope design discussed in this research is named Peregrine and is the scientific payload for FalconSat-7, a 3U cubesat designed and developed at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) for the purpose of demonstrating the capability of deployable membrane telescope technology on a nanosatellite platform. In addition to the polymer samples, chrome, silver and gold specimens will be examined to measure the oxidation rate and act as a control specimen, respectively. A magnetically filtered atomic oxygen plasma source has previously been developed and characterized for the purpose of simulating the low-Earth orbit environment. The plasma source can be operated at a variety of discharge currents and gas flow rates, of which the plasma parameters downstream of the source are dependent. The characteristics of the generated plasma were examined as a function of these operating parameters to optimize the production of O + ions with energy relevant to LEO applications. The erosion yield of the Kapton-like polyimide was experimentally determined to be 2.84 x 10 -24 cm 3 per atom which is in close agreement when compared to the on-orbit measurement for reaction efficiency of Kapton HN. We report the experimentally determined reaction rate for the Kapton-like polyimide was used to estimate the operational lifetime of the photon sieve during the solar conditions expected beginning in May 2019. The effective lifetime is estimated between 126 and 153 days.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Error-Field Penetration Thresholds in Ohmically Heated ITER and SPARC Plasmas

The critical n=1, n=2, and n=3 error-field amplitudes needed to trigger error-field penetration in ITER and SPARC, steady-state, ohmically heated plasmas are calculated using a standard asymptotic matching approach. The calculation incorporates plasma impurities, trapped particles, the bootstrap current, and neoclassical poloidal flow-damping. The energy confinement time is specified by the neo-Alcator scaling law in the low-density linear ohmic confinement (LOC) regime, and by the ITER-89P L-mode scaling law in the high-density saturated ohmic confinement regime (SOC) regime. The response of the plasma in the inner region is calculated using a linearized version of the four-field model. At the normal operating electron number density, diamagnetic levels of rotation are found to be sufficient to protect ITER and SPARC ohmically heated plasmas from m=2/n=1 error-field penetration. On other hand, SPARC, and especially ITER, ohmically heated plasmas may be vulnerable to n>1 error-field penetration. ITER and SPARC ohmically heated plasmas are also slightly more susceptible to error-field penetration when the electron fluid at the rational surface rotates in the ion diamagnetic direction, rather than the electron diamagnetic direction. At electron number densities that are sufficiently low that the plasma lies in the LOC confinement regime, the error-field penetration threshold increases with increasing density. However, as soon as the electron number density becomes large enough that the plasma enters the SOC regime, the increase in the error-field penetration threshold with increasing density levels off.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of the Complex Zintl Phase Eu 9 Zn 4.5 As 9 : A Candidate Topological Insulator and Thermoelectric Material

Reported are the synthesis and detailed analysis of the crystal and electronic structure of the novel Zintl phase Eu 9 Zn 4.5 As 9 . This material was identified in the densely populated Eu–Zn–As compositional space. For structure determination and for property measurements, suitable single crystals of this compound were grown from either Sn- or Pb-flux. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods indicate that Eu 9 Zn 4.5 As 9 crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system with the space group Pnma (a = 12.1953(7) Å, b = 4.3730(2) Å, c = 42.674(2) Å) and is formally isostructural to Ca 9 Mn 4+x Sb 9 , the less common “9–4–9” type. The structure is heavily disordered, with multiple partially occupied sites, yet, according to the Zintl-Klemm formalism, a charge-balanced composition (Eu 2+ ) 9 (Zn 2+ ) 4.5 (As 3− ) 9 is attained. Electronic structure calculations for a model, disorder-free structure indicate no energy gap between the valence and the conduction bands and suggest (semi)metallic behavior. Preliminary susceptibility measurements confirm the expected divalent nature of Eu 2+ ([Xe] 4 f 7 ground state).

Zintl phases↗
DOE OSTI2023

Vortex dynamics induced by scanning SQUID susceptometry

In this work, we measured the local magnetic response of a niobium thin film by applying a millitesla-scale AC magnetic field using a micron-scale field coil and detecting the response with a micron-scale pickup loop in a scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) susceptometry measurement. Near the film's critical temperature, we observed a steplike nonlinear and dissipative magnetic response due to the dynamics of a small number of vortex-antivortex pairs induced in the film by the local applied AC field. We modeled the dynamics of the measurement using a combined two-dimensional London-Maxwell and time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau approach, allowing us to construct a detailed real-space picture of the vortex motion causing the observed dissipative response. This work pushes scanning SQUID susceptometry of two-dimensional superconductors beyond the regime of linear response and lays the foundation for microscopic studies of vortex dynamics and pinning in superconducting devices and more exotic materials systems.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Loop-current charge density wave driven by long-range Coulomb repulsion on the kagomé lattice

Recent experiments on vanadium-based nonmagnetic kagomé metals A⁢V 3 ⁢Sb 5 ⁢(A=K,Rb,Cs) revealed evidence for possible spontaneous time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking in the charge density wave (CDW) ordered state. The long-sought-after quantum order of loop currents has been suggested as a candidate for the TRS breaking state. However, a microscopic model for the emergence of the loop-current CDW due to electronic correlations is still lacking. Here, in this work, we calculate the susceptibility of the real and imaginary bond orders on the kagomé lattice near van Hove filling, and reveal the importance of next-nearest-neighbor Coulomb repulsion V 2 in triggering the instability toward imaginary bond ordered CDW. The concrete effective single-orbital t–V 1 –V 2 model on the kagomé lattice is then studied, where t and V 1 are the hopping and Coulomb repulsion on the nearest-neighbor bonds. We obtain the mean-field ground states, analyze their properties, and determine the phase diagram in the plane spanned by V 1 and V 2 at van Hove filling. The region dominated by V 1 is occupied by a 2⁢a 0 ×2⁢a 0 real CDW insulator with the inverse of Star-of-David (ISD) bond configuration. Increasing V 2 indeed drives a first-order transition from ISD to stabilized loop-current insulators that exhibit four possible current patterns of different topological properties, leading to orbital Chern insulators. We then extend these results away from van Hove filling and show that electron doping helps the stabilization of loop currents, and gives rise to doped orbital Chern insulators with emergent Chern Fermi pockets carrying large Berry curvature and orbital magnetic moment. Our findings provide a concrete model realization of the loop-current Chern metal at the mean-field level for the TRS breaking normal state of the kagomé superconductors.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Pseudospin-lattice coupling and electric control of the square-lattice iridate Sr2IrO4

Sr 2 IrO 4 is an archetypal spin-orbit-coupled Mott insulator and has been extensively studied in part because of a wide range of predicted states. Limited experimental characterization of these states thus far brings to light the extraordinary susceptibility of the physical properties to the lattice, particularly, the Ir-O-Ir bond angle. Here, we report a microscopic rotation of the IrO 6 octahedra below 50 K measured by single crystal neutron diffraction. Overall, this sharp lattice anomaly provides keys to understanding the anomalous low-temperature physics and a direct confirmation of a crucial role that the Ir-O-Ir bond angle plays in determining the ground state. Indeed, as also demonstrated in this study, applied electric current readily weakens the antiferromagnetic order via the straightening of the Ir-O-Ir bond angle, highlighting that even slight change in the local structure can disproportionately affect the physical properties in the spin-orbit-coupled system.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Complete quasilinear model for the acceleration-driven lower hybrid drift instability and a computational assessment of its validity

A complete quasilinear model is derived for the electrostatic acceleration-driven lower hybrid drift instability in a uniform two-species low-beta plasma in which current is perpendicular to the background magnetic field. The model consists of coupled nonlinear velocity space diffusion equations for the volume-averaged ion and electron distribution functions. Each species' diffusion coefficient depends on a time-evolving spectral density of the electric-field energy per unit volume and a time-evolving dispersion relation. The dispersion relation is expressed analytically in integral form without the use of asymptotic limits and applies to arbitrary distribution functions, so long as they can be expressed as a function of one velocity coordinate, e.g., f⁡(vy) or f⁡(v⊥). The quasilinear model conserves energy and is complete in that it fully describes the evolution of the distribution functions, including resonant and nonresonant particle-wave interactions, while accounting for distribution-function-dependent mixed-complex frequencies. Further, the quasilinear diffusion model is solved numerically and self-consistently using a Crank-Nicolson temporal discretization and a second-order finite-volume velocity-space discretization. Numerical solutions are compared to nonlinear fourth-order accurate continuum kinetic Vlasov-Poisson simulations. Evolution of electric-field energy, growth rates, distribution functions, and diffusion coefficients are shown to be in agreement with Vlasov simulations. The quasilinear model is shown to predict anomalous transport terms, like resistivity and heating, to within a factor of order unity. Discrepancies between the quasilinear model and Vlasov simulations are assessed and attributed primarily to lack of damping in the quasilinear description and to the use of unperturbed-orbit susceptibilities in the linear theory dispersion relation. The results illuminate the predictive accuracy of the quasilinear model, place approximate bounds on its validity, and provide much needed vetting of quasilinear theory's ability to predict the nonlinear state of a microturbulent plasma.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Interplay between charge ordering and geometric ferroelectricity in LuFe 2 O 4 /LuFeO 3 superlattices

Oxide superlattices have drawn great attentions owing to the intriguing coupling among elastic, electrical, and magnetic orderings at the interfaces and the emerging of improper ferroelectricity. Here, superlattices composed of hexagonal LuFeO 3 (h-LuFeO 3 ) and LuFe 2 O 4 are investigated via density functional theory calculations. h-LuFeO 3 is a well-known multiferroic material that is stable only in thin-film or doped bulk state, while LuFe 2 O 4 is a charge ordered material where the existence of ferroelectricity is still in controversy. We have found that the charge ordering (CO) induced polarizations in LuFe 2 O 4 layers coexist with the geometric polarizations in h-LuFeO 3 layers in the (LuFe 2 O 4 ) m /(LuFeO 3 ) n superlattices with different periodicities, and the ferroelectric states are generally preferred over the antiferroelectric states for LuFe 2 O 4 in superlattices. The out-of-plane polarizations in h-LuFeO 3 and LuFe 2 O 4 layers tend to be aligned in parallel, and the overall polarization increases with the ratio of h-LuFeO 3 . The influence of layered polarizations on the local electrostatic potential is not significant except the detected small trend caused by the CO-induced polarization within a FeO bilayer. Besides, the local electronic structures show that the Fermi level position in a certain layer can be tuned by the valences of Fe in this layer and the polarization distributions in neighboring layers. LuFe 2 O 4 layers sandwiched between thick h-LuFeO 3 layers are more susceptible. The calculated configurations of the superlattices are supported by atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy experiments. Our results pave a way for tunable ferroelectricity in superlattice systems and create a new playground for manipulating the coupling between various degrees of freedom.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Colloquium: Ice rule and emergent frustration in particle ice and beyond

Geometric frustration and the ice rule are two concepts that are intimately connected and widespread across condensed matter. The first refers to the inability of a system to satisfy competing interactions in the presence of spatial constraints. The second, in its more general sense, represents a prescription for the minimization of the topological charges in a constrained system. Both can lead to manifolds of high susceptibility and nontrivial, constrained disorder where exotic behaviors can appear and even be designed deliberately. This Colloquium describes the emergence of geometric frustration and the ice rule in soft condensed matter. It excludes the extensive developments of mathematical physics within the field of geometric frustration, but rather focuses on systems of confined microscopic or mesoscopic particles that emerge as a novel paradigm exhibiting spin degrees of freedom. In such systems, geometric frustration can be engineered artificially by controlling the spatial topology and geometry of the lattice, the position of the individual particle units, or their relative filling fraction. These capabilities enable the creation of novel and exotic phases of matter and also potentially lead toward technological applications related to memory and logic devices that are based on the motion of topological defects. The rapid progress in theory and experiments is reviewed and the intimate physical connections with other frustrated systems at different length scales are discussed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2025

Evolution of intermittent filaments in the scrape-off layer of NSTX

Filamentary structures naturally arise from background turbulence in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of plasmas, leading to significant particle and heat transport that can degrade overall plasma confinement. This enhanced transport can contribute to unacceptably high heat loads on plasma-facing components. As such, understanding the physics of SOL plasma filaments is critical for predicting and mitigating their effects in future fusion devices. On the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX), plasma filaments—commonly referred to as “blobs”—were investigated using the gas-puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic in the edge and SOL regions. The analysis involved identifying, segmenting, and tracking the characteristic contours of the blobs in each frame of the GPI video sequences. Their evolution was characterized through shape descriptors, velocity, and angular velocity derived from their contour coordinates. The results indicate that as the blob area increases, their shapes become more concave and less circular, suggesting reduced structural stability in larger blobs. This result aligns with previous theoretical results where it was shown that larger blobs are more susceptible to instabilities [Krasheninnikov et al., J. Plasma Phys. 74, 679–717 (2008) and D'Ippolito et al., Phys. Plasmas 18, 060501 (2011)]. A positive correlation was observed between radial velocity and radial position, suggesting radially outward acceleration of the filaments, potentially driven by decreasing viscous drag toward the far SOL. Interestingly, blobs in background SOL turbulence exhibited minimal spinning in contrast to filaments originating from edge localized modes, which show substantial rotation during their paths [Lampert et al., Phys. Plasmas 29, 102502 (2022)]. Statistical analysis of the solidity and total curvature shape descriptors, along with their temporal evolution, revealed relatively broad, near-Gaussian distributions. This suggests that blob morphology is strongly influenced by stochastic turbulent processes in the surrounding plasma environment. Blob parameters were also compared with bulk plasma and radial profile measurements. Notable trends were found between blob rotation and poloidal velocity with collisionality and line-integrated density. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of blob dynamics and provide valuable insights for refining SOL turbulence models.

Covariance and correlation↗