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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 667 records · Page 37
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis Methods and Applications in the GDSA Framework (FY2025)

The Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology Campaign (SFWST) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) is conducting research and development on geologic disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level nuclear waste (HLW). Two priorities for SFWST are design concept development and disposal system modeling. These priorities are directly addressed in the Geologic Disposal Safety Assessment (GDSA) control account, which is charged with developing a geologic repository system modeling and analysis capability, and the associated software, GDSA Framework, for evaluating disposal system performance for nuclear waste in geologic media. This report describes specific activities in the Fiscal Year (FY) 2025 associated with the GDSA Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis Methods work package. This report fulfills the GDSA Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis Methods work package (SF-25SN01030407) level 3 milestone, Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis Methods and Applications in GDSA Framework (FY2025) (M3SF-25SN010304072). This work was closely coordinated with the other Sandia National Laboratory GDSA work packages: the GDSA Framework Development work package (SF-25SN01030408), the GDSA Repository Systems Analysis work package (SF-25SN01030409), and the GDSA PFLOTRAN Development work package (SF-25SN01030410). This report builds on developments reported in previous GDSA Framework milestones, particularly M3SF-24SN010304072.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

First-Scatter Source Generation in GADRAS

A new scatter calculation algorithm has been implemented in the Gamma Detector Response and Analysis Software (GADRAS) package that accounts for spectral effects of scattering materials not in the line of sight of the detector and the source. Previously, GADRAS would only apply scattering effects due to materials that fall between the source and detector. This new routine will allow better modeling of various scenarios including gamma imagers, collimated detectors, or traditional gamma detectors where scattering materials are present.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2026

Research and Development Related to the Commercialization of Perovskite Radiation Detectors (CRADA Final Report)

This work will focus on the development of perovskite radiation detectors fabricated with nanocrystal, thick polycrystalline films, or single crystal materials. This will harness NREL’s instrumentation and expertise in a variety of research areas including but not limited to metal halide perovskites, device characterization, device packaging, accelerated lifetime testing, and ink chemistry development.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Experimental Evaluation of Refrigerant Leak Characteristics for Different HVAC&R Equipment Types–Phase 2

The US Department of Energy (DOE) Building Technology Office (BTO) and the Air-conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration Technology Institute (AHRTI) collaborated to sponsor an experimental study of refrigerant leak characteristics at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); AHRTI project 9012. The project has been conducted in two phases with objectives to conduct refrigerant leak tests on several heating, ventilating, air-conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems under operating conditions representative of actual applications to document the pressure decay rate and the mass flow rate of leaked refrigerant as a function of time. Phase 1 of the project ran from late 2017 to late 2018 with refrigerant leaks imposed on five systems and the collection of data to meet the project objectives. Systems chosen covered three air-conditioning (AC) applications (packaged terminal AC or PTAC, 3-ton residential split system AC, and 5-ton packaged rooftop AC) and two refrigeration applications (split system unit cooler, and standalone display case). AHRTI members donated the test systems used for the project. The systems were tested at two different leak rates (catastrophic high rate simulating full line break and a lower flow rate), two leak locations (high-pressure side and low-pressure side), and two operating conditions (compressor ON or OFF). Phase 1 results were summarized in a project report by Baxter, et al. (2019)1. The leak rates imposed in Phase 1 led to much more rapid charge releases than the more typical much slower rates seen in practice that would take days, weeks, or months to empty a system of its entire charge. For Phase 2, the project sponsors asked that the “higher” leak rate target a total charge release time of about 4 min. This was intended to represent a “reasonable” worst case release scenario to match the refrigerant leak rate assumption used in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard IEC 60335-2-40 (2016 version [IEC 2016]. A charge release time of about 20–40 min (leak release rate 5 to 10 times lower than higher rate) was targeted for the “lower” leak rate. This report provides a summary of the Phase 2 effort. Two additional HVAC systems were selected for testing in this phase. First was a multi-split air-conditioning (MS-AC) system with one outdoor section and two indoor units and a nameplate refrigerant charge of 1.75 kg (3.86 lb.) of R-410A. The MS-AC was tested in cooling only or AC operation. Second was a split system heat pump coupled to two different representative supply duct systems (HP-duct) and a nameplate charge of 3.83 kg (8.44 lb.) of R-410A. This system was tested in both space heating and AC modes. As in Phase 1 of the project, all tests were conducted using R-410A.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Assessment of Technical Information Needs and Considerations for Front-End Activities for Molten Salt Fuel Types

This report details an assessment of the hazards and safety impacts related to front-end operations of molten salt reactors (MSR) as well as an assessment of existing safety guidance. Publicly available information was evaluated to make recommendations to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for guidance development and information gathering needs. Five different MSR technologies were evaluated along with information from 1960’s about the Atomic Energy Commission programs for the Aircraft Reactor Experiment and Molten Salt Reactor Experiment. Primary areas of evaluation include fuel cycle facilities, transportation and at reactor fuel mixing operations up to reactor startup. In general, there was difficulty synthesizing publicly available information due to the early stage of the MSR development and proprietary information associated with the reactor technology companies analyzed. There are a few specific recommendations from this report. One overarching paradigm shift that the NRC needs to evaluate is the possibility of collocating fuel cycle facilities with operating MSRs. Although there is no specific prohibition to this in the NRC regulations, the collocation of the fuel cycle facilities with the operating MSR presents a novel approach compared to the light water reactor baseline. More guidance and research into thorium operations and regulation is needed. The hazards associated with the stability of stored fuel constituents need to be evaluated. Some reactor fuel cycles use beryllium, and its use and the associated hazards need further analysis. NRC-approved designs for transportation packages for shipping molten salt fuels and factory-built and fueled reactors are not available.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Large eddy simulation of a pressurized reactive fluid–particle system: single-particle dynamics analysis

Pressurized oxy-combustion (POC) is a promising candidate to reduce carbon emissions in power generation. Designing an effective burner plays a vital role in developing new combustion technologies. Because of the high pressure, the volume fraction of particles in a pressurized oxy-combustor could be higher than that in the conventional combustor, therefore, the particle dynamics in the pressurized vessel need to be evaluated accordingly. The present computational work is to predict the influence of the particle size and particle injection location on the particle trajectory. The Stokes number based on turbulence fluctuation, St, is adopted to evaluate the impact of the gas phase on the particulate phase. A large eddy simulation (LES) with the environment pressure of 15 bar and the thermal input of the fuel particle of 100 kWth has been performed by means of the commercial CFD package. It is shown that that in this pressurized environment St << 1 for the 25 µm particles, St ~ 1 for the 100 µm particles, while for the particles exceeding 200 µm St >> 1. The trajectories of the sampling particles from the LES results support this conclusion: the particles less than 100 µm tend to be uniformly distributed in the space while the particles exceeding 200 µm tend to concentrate in the combustor.

Li, Lei↗
DOE OSTI2021

Sustainable Lactic Acid Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock for sustainable biofuels and bioproducts. Among emerging bioproducts, lactic acid has attracted significant interest because of its growing application in many industries (e.g., packaging, medical, and pharmaceutical). In this study, BioSTEAM—an open-source platform—was leveraged for the design, simulation, and evaluation (via techno-economic analysis, TEA, and life cycle assessment, LCA) of lignocellulosic lactic acid biorefineries. With a minimum product selling price (MPSP) between 1.38 and 1.91 kg –1 (5th–95th percentiles, baseline at 1.57 kg –1 ), the biorefinery was capable of producing market-competitive lactic acid (market price between 1.7 and 2.1 kg –1 ), and its performance could be further enhanced (e.g., MPSP down to 1.09 kg –1 , global warming potential of 2.79 kg CO 2 -eq·kg –1 , and fossil energy consumption of 31.7 MJ·kg –1 ) with advancements in key technological parameters (fermentation yield and separation process conversions) and optimization in process operation. Sensitivity analyses focused on the fermentation unit (across titer, yield, and productivity; neutral vs low-pH fermentation) and feedstock characteristics (carbohydrate content and price) were also included to quantify their impact on the sustainability of the biorefinery. Overall, this research highlights the ability of agile TEA/LCA to screen promising biorefinery designs, prioritize research needs, and establish a road map for the continued development of bioproducts and biofuels.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Advances in 3D Geologic Modeling of Alluvial Basins with a Focus on Facies and Property Modeling

The unsaturated zone alluvium reference case is one of several geologic systems under consideration by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy for hosting repositories for spent nuclear fuel and associated waste (Sevougian et al., 2019). As noted by Mariner et al. (2018), the generic alluvial basin offers positive attributes that merit its consideration as a reference case by the Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology (SFWST) campaign. There are hundreds of alluvial basins and sub-basins scattered across the arid western United States (Figure 1-1). Precipitation and infiltration rates are relatively low with high evapotranspiration, resulting in vertical separation between repository and water table and thus longer transport paths to an aquifer. Accumulations of alluvial sediments within these basins are typically on the order of hundreds of meters, and locally may exceed 1,000 m in thickness, as is the case for the Deming sub-basin in southern New Mexico. A thick geologic host medium, which serves as the natural barrier system (NBS) in the conceptual model framework of a geologic disposal system, isolates the waste packages from receptors in the biosphere. Further, alluvial basin fill is typically comprised of stacked playa and lacustrine deposits along the basin axis (Perry et al., 2018). Characterized by low permeability, these layers protect the biosphere above the repository and the groundwater resources below the repository.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2026

Long-Range Fit: A Software Package for the Representation and Study of Long-Range Molecular Interactions

Describing intermolecular forces is fundamental to modeling and predicting the behavior of molecular systems. In particular, long-range molecular interactions─with electrostatic, induction, and dispersion as the main components─play a critical role, especially for low-temperature and low-density regimes. Long-range interactions are often described through perturbation theory, representing the electronic charge distribution via a multipolar series of the moments and polarizability tensors corresponding to each molecule. However, while the theory is well established, obtaining the resulting analytical expressions (and their practical implementation) constitutes a highly complex and system-dependent task. To address this challenge, we developed long-range-fit (LRF), an interactive and user-friendly software package designed to automate the generation and fitting of long-range interaction terms for arbitrary molecules in nondegenerate (ground or excited) electronic states. We have derived and implemented all terms up to 15th order, without approximations, via a spherical tensor representation, with symmetry adaptation to all molecular point-group symmetries. The resulting potential energy surface is compatible with most representations of the close interaction region.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Aligning the Thomson scattering and charge exchange recombination diagnostics using neutral beam emission at DIII-D

This work addresses discrepancies in the alignment of the H-mode pedestal profiles of the electron and ion properties in the DIII-D tokamak as measured by Thomson Scattering (TS) and Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CER) diagnostics. While the alignment of these profiles is key for accurate studies of tokamak physics and plasma confinement, misalignments can occur due to inaccuracies, such as in magnetic equilibrium reconstructions required to map measurements in different poloidal and toroidal locations. Both FIDASIM, an established simulation package, and a simplified collisional radiative model are used to simulate neutral beam state densities and neutral beam emission. Simulated neutral beam emissions are calculated based on shifted TS profiles and compared to beam emission measurements from the Main Ion CER system to determine the best shift for aligning TS with CER. This analysis is performed on various DIII-D discharges.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis for Simulation of Hostile Blast Events [Slides]

A mesh convergence study shows that shock arrival times converge for basic flow shots. Sensitivity study reveals a surprisingly high sensitivity to the placement of the HE package. Bayesian inference tools used on the experimental datasets suggest this is a real effect. Sensitivity analysis of ambient conditions such as temperature and pressure reveal minimal effect. Porting of pressure data from QUINOA simulations to perform structural analysis on the aeroshell geometry was successful, and shows a strong dependence of payload response to the angle of attack.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Role-Based Access Control for Distributed Energy Resources v.1.0

The Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) for Distributed Energy Resources (DER) software is an automated and transparent stack for RBAC administrators to interact with RBAC policy. The package includes demonstrations of centralized and decentralized RBAC implementation. Both include simulated DER entities that are stored automatically in a centralized Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) server. It also includes a REST-API to serve the HTTP requests of the RBAC administrators. A complete front-end is included to serve the users' needs. This software may be used by industry (DER vendors/utilities) as well as the research community to determine if a centralized or decentralized solution fits better the needs of an RBAC model in a DER environment. Additionally, parts of this software may be useful for developing implementations for specific needs. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. SAND2021-8292 O

Johnson, Jay↗
DOE OSTI2024

End-Use Savings Shapes Measure Documentation: Advanced Rooftop Unit Control

This technical report documents the Advanced Rooftop Unit Control End Use Savings Shapes (EUSS) measure, including providing a description of the technology, modeling methods, and the energy savings calculated from applying the measure to applicable across the US commercial building stock using ComStock to quantify its potential. Advanced rooftop unit controls (ARC) generally consist of a supply fan VFD, and controls to implement demand controlled ventilation (DCV) and air-side economizing, as a retrofit to improve energy efficiency of existing rooftop units (RTUs).

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Peregrine Software Development: Report on the Code Conversion From Python to C++

This work package seeks to convert the Peregrine software tool from its original Python implementation to a production version based on the C++ language. Peregrine is a powerful research platform with a multitude of advanced data analytics and data visualization functionalities. Developed by scientists to explore multimodal and multidimensional data related to the production of components using powder bed additive manufacturing processes, the tool implements state-of-the-art algorithms to assist machine users in making build or part quality determinations. Given that Peregrine is data-intensive, the goal of this conversion is to enhance the tool’s flexibility and interactivity and reduce the number of code dependencies to facilitate its deployment as part of the ongoing technology transfer campaign. This brief document provides an overview of Peregrine’s functionalities and capabilities, along with a detailed description of the core functionalities that have been implemented to date in the new C++ version. This document serves as a development update at the end of the first year of the ongoing conversion and will be regularly updated as progress continues.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electricity Baseline 2022

The Electricity Baseline (2022) is a regionalized life cycle inventory model of U.S. electricity generation, consumption, and distribution using standardized facility and generation data and was created using the ElectricityLCI v2 Python package (https://github.com/USEPA/ElectricityLCI/tree/v2.0). The Python package used the "ELCI_2022" model configuration to set the facility and generation data sources and years that were used to create this life cycle inventory, which were taken from publicly accessible datasets and automatically curated into a local data store. An archive of the data stores used in this model is available online: https://doi.org/10.18141/2569193. This model is presented in GreenDelta's openLCA schema v2 JSON-LD format (https://greendelta.github.io/olca-schema/).

Electricity; LCA; data inventory↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electricity Baseline 2021

The Electricity Baseline (2021) is a regionalized life cycle inventory model of U.S. electricity generation, consumption, and distribution using standardized facility and generation data and was created using the ElectricityLCI v2 Python package (https://github.com/USEPA/ElectricityLCI/tree/v2.0). The Python package used the "ELCI_2021" model configuration to set the facility and generation data sources and years that were used to create this life cycle inventory, which were taken from publicly accessible datasets and automatically curated into a local data store. An archive of the data stores used in this model is available online: https://doi.org/10.18141/2569576. This model is presented in GreenDelta's openLCA schema v2 JSON-LD format (https://greendelta.github.io/olca-schema/).

Electricity; LCA; LCI; Life Cycle↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electricity Baseline 2020

The Electricity Baseline (2020) is a regionalized life cycle inventory model of U.S. electricity generation, consumption, and distribution using standardized facility and generation data and was created using the ElectricityLCI v2 Python package (https://github.com/USEPA/ElectricityLCI/tree/v2.0). The Python package used the "ELCI_2020" model configuration to set the facility and generation data sources and years that were used to create this life cycle inventory, which were taken from publicly accessible datasets and automatically curated into a local data store. An archive of the data stores used in this model is available online: https://doi.org/10.18141/2569605. This model is presented in GreenDelta's openLCA schema v2 JSON-LD format (https://greendelta.github.io/olca-schema/).

Electricity; LCA; LCI; data inventory↗