Phased array step recovery diode modules Final engineering report
Step recovery diode multipliers to control phase of microwave phased array antenna systems
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A low-loss N-way optical power divider for a Ku-band low sidelobe phased array
Low loss low sidelobe N-way microwave optical power divider for single plane electronically steerable Ku band phased array antenna
Profera, C. E., Jr.↗
A class of phase-interpolation circuits for scanning phased arrays
Phase interpolation circuits for scanning phased array antennas, using doublers and frequency multipliers
Caron, P. R.↗
Acquisition behavior of some adaptive arrays
Measuring time response of adaptive array antennas for communication satellites for case of strong interference in earth receiving antennas
Doyle, W.↗
Monopulse tracking system Patent
Monopulse tracking system with antenna array of three radiators for deriving azimuth and elevation indications
Shelton, J. P., Jr.↗
Synthesis of shaped-beam radiation patterns using the iterative sampling method
Shaped beam radiation patterns synthesis by iterative sampling method with line sources or uniformly spaced antenna arrays
Stutzman, W. L.↗
A radar altimeter-driftmeter for small planetary probes
A light weight radar altimeter-driftmeter applicable to landing planetary probes is described. The system utilizes a small light weight phased array antenna to generate three independent radio frequency beams. The range and Doppler along each of these beams is measured. The six measured quantitites are then combined with a resulting range (altitude) accuracy of 75 meters and a horizontal drift velocity accuracy of 6 cm/sec. The entire system weighs less than 3.7 kilograms and requires less than 9 watts of dc power.
Bryan, J. W.↗
Significant Accomplishments in Technology, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1970
Conference on technological developments in satellite communications, tracking, antenna arrays, attitude control, orbit calculations, and instrumentation
Bridger, J. M.↗
Spacecraft orientation and exposure to environment, Appendix A
Material removed from the spacecraft and returned to earth remained on the lunar surface for 31.9 lunations. None of the returned parts received the maximum 10,686 hours of exposure because of shadowing by the planar array antenna, solar panel, thermal control compartments, or other parts of the spacecraft. To determine the actual exposure of specific parts to sunlight, six series of photographs were taken. A one-fifth-scale model spacecraft was oriented to a collimated light source simulating the orientation of Surveyor with the sun. Three cameras were set up to view different parts of the spacecraft. The data obtained from these photographs permitted an evaluation of the effects of exposure to solar radiation on the camera and its parts, the surface sampling scoop, and the strut from the radar altimeter and Doppler velocity sensor.
Nickle, N. L.↗
State of the art in the detection of intelligent extraterrestrial signals.
Recent progress in ideas of how signals that might represent electromagnetic radiations of intelligent civilizations elsewhere in the galaxy is summarized. Project Cyclops, carried out at Ames Research Center under the auspices of NASA and the American Society for Engineering Education, determined that microwaves are superior to lasers for interstellar signalling. It is felt that the band lying between the resonances of the two dissociation products of water, the hydrogen line at 1420 MHz, and the first hydroxyl line at 1662 MHz, is the most suitable. Phased antenna arrays of perhaps 1000 to 10,000 dishes of 100 m diam would be required. It is considered that a list of likely stars should be compiled, and these should be searched one at a time. Procedures for combing the spectrum are outlined.
Oliver, B. M.↗
On the detectivity of advanced galactic civilizations.
Even with slow rates of technological advance, extraterrestrial civilizations substantially in our future will have technologies and laws of nature currently inaccessible to us, and will probably have minimal interest in communicating with us. If this communication horizon is about 1000 years in our future, other crude estimates previously published imply that only about .0001 of the technical civilizations in the Galaxy are accessible to us. The mean distance to the nearest such society is then about 10,000 light years. Radio detection of extraterrestrial intelligence seems to imply either (1) much larger telescopes or antenna arrays for the detection of civilizations within our Galaxy than now exist; or (2) attention to the nearer extragalactic systems, with smaller radio telescopes, to detect the very small fraction of very advanced societies which may choose to make their presence known to emerging civilizations via antique communication modes.
Sagan, C.↗
Free-space microwave-power transmission
Laboratory-scale wireless transmission of microwave power approaches fifty-four percent efficiency. DC is converted to a 2.45-GHz signal and is transmitted through horn antenna array; microwave signal is received at rectenna and is simultaneously collected and rectified back to dc at receiving sites; dc is then processed for wired distribution.
Brown, W. C.↗
Feasibility and systems definition study for microwave multi-application payload (MMAP)
There were three Shuttle/Spacelab experiments: adaptive multibeam phased array antenna (AMPA) experiment, electromagnetic environment experiment (EEE), and millimeter wave communications experiment (MWCE). Work on the AMPA experiment was completed. Results included are definition of operating modes, sequence of operation, radii of operation about several ground stations, signal format, foot prints of typical orbits and preliminary definition of ground and user terminals. Definition of the MOD I EEE included conceptual hardware designs, spacelab interfaces, preliminary data handling methods, experiment tests and verification, and EMC studies. The MWCE was defined conceptually for a steerable high gain antenna.
Horton, J. B.↗
Feasibility and systems definition study for Microwave Multi-Application Payload (MMAP)
Work completed on three Shuttle/Spacelab experiments is examined: the Adaptive Multibeam Phased Array Antenna (AMPA) Experiment, Electromagnetic Environment Experiment (EEE) and Millimeter Wave Communications Experiment (MWCE). Results included the definition of operating modes, sequence of operation, radii of operation about several ground stations, signal format, foot prints of typical orbits and preliminary definition of ground and user terminals. Conceptual hardware designs, Spacelab interfaces, data handling methods, experiment testing and verification studies were included. The MWCE-MOD I was defined conceptually for a steerable high gain antenna.
Horton, J. B.↗
New works in space
Goods and services that may be furnished by the Space Shuttle are described. A single multibeam antenna array capable of supplying satellite communication for 256 U.S. cities, a disaster warning network, and a TV link to remote areas is discussed. Attention is also given to such materials processing programs as crystal growth (for example, production of mercuric iodide crystals for gamma-ray detectors), eutectic growth of solid-solution crystals such as mercury-cadmium-telluride, manufacture of uniform latex spheres for medical applications, and development of small glass spheres for fusion power applications. In addition to the Space Telescope, a meter-class telescope on the Shuttle and a wide-field survey instrument are under study.
Kingsbury, J. E.↗
Achievable flatness in a large microwave power antenna study
Achievable flatness for the microwave power transmission system antenna array was determined. Two configurations were analyzed in detail and evaluated as to their net potential misalignment. Manufacturing, joint slack, assembly, alignment and environmental aspects were considered. Approaches to each aspect were analyzed to minimize their contributions to distortions.
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Technology requirements for an orbital navigation/position finding system
The concept of an orbiting personal navigation system as a possible application for a large space structure is considered. The navigation system would have to be part of a large, integrated, multifunction Information Service Platform to justify its complexity and assured use by a large segment of the civilian population. The navigation configuration is a large cruciform which utilizes a linear phased array antenna design. The two antenna arms generate narrow, orthogonal beam patterns on the ground which are electrically scanned east to west and south to north. A passive ground receiver detecting the beam passage determines the user's position in earth longitude and latitude coordinates.
Lang, A. L., Jr.↗
Computer modeling for a space power transmission system
The paper summarizes the development of a computer program that simulates the performance of a large phased array antenna composed of 7220 smaller subarrays, each made up of klystron modules which act as individual radiators. The purpose of this program is to: (1) study the far-field pattern near the rectenna, (2) calculate the beam efficiency, and (3) observe the grating lobe behavior. Attention is given to the computer program which consists of a main program and four subroutines, as well as to the system configurations. The effects of amplitude, phase and random subarray failures are examined and an error budget was specified for 10 to the 0 phase error, + or - 1 dB amplitude error, and a 2% random failure rate.
Rathjen, S. M.↗