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At least 667 records · Page 37

Synthesis by Thermal Decomposition of Two Iron Hydroxyfluorides: Structural Effects of Li Insertion

The synthesis and the electrochemical properties of iron hydroxyfluorides with an open structure, prepared from the thermal decomposition of Fe 2+ Fe 3+ F 5 (H 2 O) 2 and Fe 2+ Fe 2 3+ F 8 (H 2 O) 2 under ambient air, are reported. The combination of thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray thermodiffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy has evidenced two unstable lacunar oxyfluorides that transform rapidly into hydroxyfluorides under ambient air. Their formulations and structural features have been determined from powder XRD, Mössbauer spectrometry, and pair distribution function, leading to Fe 3+ F 2.5 (OH) 0.5 with the pyrochlore network and to Fe 3+ F 2.66 (OH) 0.34 with the hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB) structure. The electrochemistry of these hydroxyfluorides indicates excellent and similar capacities with a significant decrease after the first cycle to reach sustained values of ~110 mAh g –1 upon cycling. Finally, in situ XRD measurements reveal that the pyrochlore network undergoes amorphization (x Li+ > 0.5) while the HTB phase transforms into the ReO 3 -type phase (x Li+ > 0.33).

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Asymmetric Lithium Extraction and Insertion in High Voltage Spinel at Fast Rate

Spinel-structured ordered-LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (o-LNMO) has experienced a resurgence of interest in the context of reducing scarce elements such as cobalt from lithium-ion battery. O-LNMO undergoes two two-phase reaction at slow rates. However, it is not known if such phenomenon also applies at fast rates. Herein, we investigate the rate-dependent phase transition behavior of o-LNMO through in operando time-resolved X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that a narrow region of solid solution reaction exists for charge and discharge at both slow and fast rate. The overall phase transition is highly asymmetric at fast rates. During fast charge, it is a particle-by-particle mechanism resulting from asynchronized reaction among the particles. Finally, during fast discharge, it is likely a core-shell mechanism involving transition from Li 0+x Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 to Li 1+x Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 in the outer layer of particles. The Li 0.5 Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 phase is suppressed during fast discharge and only appears through Li redistribution upon relaxation.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗