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At least 685 records · Page 38

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NASA NTRS1991

Structure of thermal pair clouds around gamma-ray-emitting black holes

Using certain simplifying assumptions, the general structure of a quasi-spherical thermal pair-balanced cloud surrounding an accreting black hole is derived from first principles. Pair-dominated hot solutions exist only for a restricted range of the viscosity parameter. These results are applied as examples to the 1979 HEAO 3 gamma-ray data of Cygnus X-1 and the Galactic center. Values are obtained for the viscosity parameter lying in the range of about 0.1-0.01. Since the lack of synchrotron soft photons requires the magnetic field to be typically less than 1 percent of the equipartition value, a magnetic field cannot be the main contributor to the viscous stress of the inner accretion flow, at least during the high gamma-ray states.

Liang, Edison P.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Spectral differences in the QSO pairs Q1634 + 267A,B and Q2345 + 007A,B and the gravitational lens interpretation

High S/N spectra of two candidate gravitational lens pairs, over the wavelength range 3150-7000 A at 4-6 A resolution are obtained in order to compare the emission line, continuum, and absorption line properties. The continuum shapes of Q1634 + 267A,B over the observed wavelength range agree remarkably well, and a constant multiplicative factor of 3.28 is found for the ratio A/B over the whole observed wavelength range. In agreement with previous investigations, it is found that the redshifts of the C III 1909 emission line are consistent with zero relative velocity shift and that the line profiles in the two images are identical. The continua of Q2345 + 007A and B match fairly well over the whole observed wavelength range if a constant scaling factor of 2.51 is used. Scaled difference spectra show that the Ly-alpha, NV, CIII, and Fe II emission lines are stronger relative to the continuum in Q2345 + 007B than in A. It is concluded that the pairs of images constituting Q1634 + 267A and B and Q2345 + 007A and B both result from gravitatinal lensing.

Steidel, Charles C.↗

NASA NTRS1992

An interacting galaxy pair in the Bootes void

The first identified pair of interacting galaxies in the Bootes void is reported. The galaxies, CG 692 (IRAS 1519 + 5050) and CG 693, have redshifts 0.0572 and 0.0575, respectively, and a mutual separation of about 34 kpc. CG 692 is experiencing widespread star formation, at a rate estimated to be 18.4 solar masses/yr. CG 693 is a Seyfert 1, the third AGN found in the Bootes void, with a small amount of extranuclear star formation. The pair is another example of interacting galaxies displaying starburst and Seyfert activity apparently triggered by the interaction.

Weistrop, D.↗

NASA NTRS1992

On the nonlinear three dimensional instability of Stokes layers and other shear layers to pairs of oblique waves

The nonlinear evolution of a pair of initially oblique waves in a high Reynolds Number Stokes layer is studied. Attention is focused on times when disturbances of amplitude epsilon have O(epsilon(exp 1/3)R) growth rates, where R is the Reynolds number. The development of a pair of oblique waves is then controlled by nonlinear critical-layer effects. Viscous effects are included by studying the distinguished scaling epsilon = O(R(exp -1)). This leads to a complicated modification of the kernel function in the integro-differential amplitude equation. When viscosity is not too large, solutions to the amplitude equation develop a finite-time singularity, indicating that an explosive growth can be introduced by nonlinear effects; we suggest that such explosive growth can lead to the bursts observed in experiments. Increasing the importance of viscosity generally delays the occurrence of the finite-time singularity, and sufficiently large viscosity may lead to the disturbance decaying exponentially. For the special case when the streamwise and spanwise wavenumbers are equal, the solution can evolve into a periodic oscillation. A link between the unsteady critical-layer approach to high-Reynolds-number flow instability, and the wave vortex approach is identified.

Wu, Xuesong↗

NASA NTRS1992

Interaction of fast steady flow with slow transient flow - A new cause of shock pair and interplanetary B(z) event

The occurrence of the nonspiral magnetic field (high helium density) Cold Magnetic Enhancement and counterstreaming suprathermal electron flux in the slow flow around the forward shock indicates that the slow flow is a CME in interplanetary space (ICME). The characteristics of the field and plasma in the fast flow around the reverse shock is typical for a high speed stream. Thus the shock pair here appears to be caused by the interaction of a high speed stream with a slow ICME. The fact that a -B(z) event occurred in such a shock pair suggests that the slow ICME is disconnected from the sun. It is shown that compression alone appears to be adequate to explain the large southward IMF component within the shocked plasma because of the large southward field component present in the ICME ahead of the forward shock. In addition, a new method to infer the shock angle and Mach number from the observed upstream plasma B and the jump ratios of proton density and total magnetic flux density across a shock is described.

Zhao, Xuepu↗

NASA NTRS1992

Nonthermal electron-positron pairs and cold matter in the central engines of active galactic nuclei

The nonthermal e(+/-) pair model of the central engine of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is discussed. The model assumes that nonthermal e(+/-) pairs are accelerated to highly relativistic energies in a compact region close to the central black hole and in the vicinity of some cold matter. The model has a small number of free parameters and explains a large body of AGN observations from EUV to soft gamma-rays. In particular, the model explains the existence of the UV bump, the soft X-rays excess, the canonical hard X-ray power law, the spectral hardening above about 10 keV, and some of the variability patterns in the soft and hard X-rays. In addition, the model explains the spectral steepening above about 50 keV seen in NGC 4151.

Zdziarski, Andrzej A.↗

NASA NTRS1993

The three-dimensional evolution of a plane mixing layer - Pairing and transition to turbulence

The evolution of three-dimensional temporally evolving plane mixing layers through as many as three pairings has been simulated numerically. All simulations were begun from a few low-wavenumber disturbances, usually derived from linear stability theory, in addition to the mean velocity. Three-dimensional perturbations were used with amplitudes ranging from infinitesimal to large enough to trigger a rapid transition to turbulence. Pairing is found to inhibit the growth of infinitesimal three-dimensional disturbances, and to trigger the transition to turbulence in highly three-dimensional flows. The mechanisms responsible for the growth of three-dimensionality and onset of transition to turbulence are described. The transition to turbulence is accompanied by the formation of thin sheets of spanwise vorticity, which undergo secondary rollups. The post-transitional simulated flow fields exhibit many properties characteristic of turbulent flows.

Moser, Robert D.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Stereo pair design for cameras with a fovea

We describe the methodology for the design and selection of a stereo pair when the cameras have a greater concentration of sensing elements in the center of the image plane (fovea). Binocular vision is important for the purpose of depth estimation, which in turn is important in a variety of applications such as gaging and autonomous vehicle guidance. We assume that one camera has square pixels of size dv and the other has pixels of size rdv, where r is between 0 and 1. We then derive results for the average error, the maximum error, and the error distribution in the depth determination of a point. These results can be shown to be a general form of the results for the case when the cameras have equal sized pixels. We discuss the behavior of the depth estimation error as we vary r and the tradeoffs between the extra processing time and increased accuracy. Knowing these results makes it possible to study the case when we have a pair of cameras with a fovea.

Chettri, Samir R.↗

NASA NTRS1993

Pair plasmas in the central engine of active galactic nuclei

As the most promising model for the x-ray emission from a class of active galactic nuclei, represented by radio quiet quasars and Seyfert nuclei, a nonthermal pair cascade model, where soft photons are Comptonized by non thermal electron positron pair plasmas produced by gamma rays, is introduced. The simplest model of this kind, the 'homogeneous spherical cascade model', is presented. Many characteristics of this model are qualitatively similar to the homogeneous cascade model. An important difference is that gamma ray depletion is much more efficient in the surface cascade, and consequently this model satisfies the severe observational constraint imposed by the gamma ray background radiation.

Tsuruta, Sachiko↗

NASA NTRS1994

Electrohydrodynamic deformation and interaction of a pair of emulsion drops

The response of a pair of emulsion drops to the imposition of a uniform electric field is examined. The case studied is that of equal-sized drops whose line of centers is parallel to the axis of the applied field. A new boundary integral solution to the governing equations of the leaky dielectric model is developed; the formulation accounts for the electrostatic and hydrodynamic interactions between the drops, as well as their deformations. Numerical calculations show that, after an initial transient during which the drops primarily deform, the pair drift slowly together due to their electrostatic interactions.

Baygents, James C.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Rototranslational collision-induced absorption by H2-H2 pairs at temperatures from 600 to 7000 K

The computation of the far-infrared, rototranslational (RT) collision-induced absorption (CIA) spectra of H2-H2 pairs is presented at temperatures from 600 to 7000 K for the first time. Theoretical results are based on the quantum mechanical and semiclassical, three lowest translational spectral moments obtained for H2 pairs. The effective, isotropic H2-H2 interaction potential, suitable for the high-temperature computations, and the ab initio induced dipoles, have been used as input. Special effort has been made to account for the rotational and vibrational states dependence of the dipoles, since it was found to be relevant at the high temperatures employed. The computations of the entire RT band account for all populated vibrational states of hydrogen molecule and include vibrational transitions v tends towards v-prime = v, with v = 0, 1, 2 and 3. The described method makes use of the adequately selected model line shapes with the temperature-dependent parameters. The presented model is useful for the 'model atmospheres' of zero- and low-metallicity, cool and dense stellar atmospheres, where CIA is known to be imporatnt.

Zheng, Chunguang↗

NASA NTRS1995

Direct Production of Electron-Positron Pairs by 200-GeV/Nucleon Oxygen and Sulfur Ions in Nuclear Emulsion

Measurements of direct Coulomb electron-positron pair production have been made on the tracks of relativistic heavy ions in nuclear track emulsion. Tracks of 0(16) and S(32) at 200 GeV/nucleon were studied. The measured total cross sections and energy and emission angle distributions for the pair members are compared to theoretical predictions. The data are consistent with some recent calculations when knock-on electron contamination is accounted for.

Derrickson, J. H.↗

NASA NTRS1994

Spectral Moments of Collision-Induced Absorption of CO2 Pairs: The Role of the Intermolecular Potential

In this paper we examine the role of the anisotropy of the intermolecular potential in the rototranslational collision-induced absorption of the CO2 pairs. Using newly developed formulas that include the effects of anisotropy of the potential to all orders, we calculate the two lowest spectral moments gamma(prime), and alpha(prime), for four different classes of C02 pair potentials and compare the results with the experimental values. We assumed only multipolar induction in the process of forming the induced dipole, with the second-order contributions included. Using a site-site LJ and a site-site semi-ab initio intermolecular potentials we were able to reproduce the experimental values of gamma(prime), and alpha(prime) moments over entire temperature range from 230 to 330 K. Also, the role of an electrostatic interaction between two C02 molecules and its impact on the spectral moments is thoroughly investigated. An isotropic core with a point quadrupole centered at each molecule is shown to be an inadequate representation of the C02-CO2 potential. Additionally, we show the results obtained with the first- and second-order perturbation theory to be more than twice too small.

Gruszka, Marcin↗

NASA NTRS1995

Disk-Corona Model of Active Galactic Nuclei with Nonthermal Pairs

As a promising model for the X-ray emission from radio-quiet quasars and Seyfert 1 nuclei, we present a nonthermal disk-corona model, where soft photons from a disk are Comptonized by the nonthermal electron-positron pairs in a coronal region above the disk. Various characteristics of our model are qualitatively similar to the homogeneous, spherical, nonthermal pair models previously studied, but the important difference is that in our disk-corona model gamma-ray depletion is far more efficient, and, moreover, the gamma-ray annihilation line is much less prominent. Consequently, this model naturally satisfies the observed constraints on active galactic nuclei.

Tsuruta, Sachiko↗

NASA NTRS1993

Pair Plasmas in the Central Engine of Active Galactic Nuclei

As the most promising model for the X-ray emission from a class of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) represented by radio-quiet quasars and Seyfert nuclei, here we introduce the non-thermal pair cascade model, where soft photons are Comptonized by non-thermal electron-positron pair plasmas produced by (gamma)-rays. After summarizing the simplest model of this kind, the "homogeneous spherical cascade model", our most recent work on the "surface cascade model" is presented, where a geometrical effect is introduced. Many characteristics of this model are qualitatively similar to the homogeneous cascade model. However, an important difference is that (gamma)-ray depletion is much more efficient in the surface cascade, and consequently this model naturally satisfies the severe observational constraint imposed by the (gamma)-ray background radiation.

Tsuruta, S.↗

NASA NTRS1999

An Application of the Direct Coulomb Electron Pair Production Process to the Energy Measurement of the "VH-Group" in the "Knee" Region of the "All-Particle" Energy Spectrum

The "all-particle" cosmic ray energy spectrum appears to be exhibiting a significant change in the spectral index just above approximately 3000 TeV. This could indicate (1) a change in the propagation of the cosmic rays in the galactic medium, and/or (2) the upper limit of the supernova shock wave acceleration mechanism, and/or (3) a new source of high-energy cosmic rays. Air shower and JACEE data indicate the spectral change is associated with a composition change to a heavier element mixture whereas DICE does not indicate this. A detector concept will be presented that utilizes the energy dependence of the production of direct Coulomb electron-positron pairs by energetic heavy ions. Monte Carlo simulations of a direct electron pair detector consisting of Pb target foils interleaved with planes of 1-mm square scintillating optical fibers will be discussed. The goal is to design a large area, non-saturating instrument to measure the energy spectrum of the individual cosmic ray elements in the "VH-group" for energies greater than 10 TeV/nucleon.

Derrickson, J. H.↗

NASA NTRS1999

Pairing Among the EET87503 Group of Howardites and Polymict Eucrites

The ten HED polymict breccias EET82600, EET87503, EET87509, EET87510, EET87512, EET87513, EET87518, EET87528, EET87531, and EET92022 were found over a broad area in the Elephant Moraine collecting region of Antarctica. Locations are scattered among the Main (Elephant Moraine), Meteorite City, and Texas Bowl icefields and the Northern Ice Patch. It was previously suggested that these polymict breccias are paired. However, degree of terrestrial alteration among these meteorites varies from relatively pristine (type A) to extensively altered (type B/C) and there are textural, mineralogical, and compositional differences. This study is a reevaluation of the pairing of these meteorites.

Buchanan, Paul C.↗

NASA NTRS2000

Pairing Among the EET87503 Group of Howardites and Polymict Eucrites

Buchanan, P. C.↗