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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 685 records · Page 38
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1987

Small-Signal ac Analysis

Program simulates power circuits and systems. Small Signal A.C. Analysis program (SSAC) valuable tool for design and analysis of electrical-power-system circuits. By combining "black box" power-system components operating in specified manner, user characterizes system modeled. Menu-driven program proved simple and cost effective in development and modification of arbitrary power-system configurations. Package includes sample data from Dynamic Explorer satellite family. Results compared favorable to calculations from such general circuit-analysis programs as SPICE. Written in FORTRAN 77.

Jagielski, James M.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Spent Nuclear Fuel Mechanical Loads in the General Package Drop Scenario

The US Department of Energy Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology program is performing research to determine the mechanical loading conditions applied to spent nuclear fuel (SNF) during normal conditions of transportation to inform mechanical tests of SNF and close an important knowledge gap related to the practical disposition of SNF in the US. A recent multi-national collaborative test campaign measured SNF assembly impact response to the 30 cm horizontal package drop scenario, which is a common regulatory basis test of SNF package design. Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are using the test data to validate explicit finite element models to calculate the mechanical loads and structural response of spent nuclear fuel assemblies in the as-tested 30 cm horizontal package drop scenario. Once the as-tested package drop model is validated, the next step is to apply the model to the general 30 cm drop scenario, which includes all impact angles, all fuel assembly types, and all burnup conditions. PNNL is developing a damage model that will incorporate the results of finite element parametric studies to establish trends in SNF mechanical loading to various input parameters, like impact orientation and burnup. The damage model will have the capability to estimate mechanical loads for any single set of input parameters, but it will first be used to describe the upper bounds of potential SNF loading in the 30 cm drop scenario. This paper describes PNNL’s progress toward developing the general solution to the problem of spent nuclear fuel mechanical loads in the 30 cm package drop scenario and it describes the next steps in closing the knowledge gap.

Klymyshyn, Nicholas A.↗
NASA NTRS1995

X based interactive computer graphics applications for aerodynamic design and education

Six computer applications packages have been developed to solve a variety of aerodynamic problems in an interactive environment on a single workstation. The packages perform classical one dimensional analysis under the control of a graphical user interface and can be used for preliminary design or educational purposes. The programs were originally developed on a Silicon Graphics workstation and used the GL version of the FORMS library as the graphical user interface. These programs have recently been converted to the XFORMS library of X based graphics widgets and have been tested on SGI, IBM, Sun, HP and PC-Lunix computers. The paper will show results from the new VU-DUCT program as a prime example. VU-DUCT has been developed as an educational package for the study of subsonic open and closed loop wind tunnels.

Benson, Thomas J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Power series solutions of ordinary differential equations in MACSYMA

A program is described which extends the differential equation solving capability of MACSYMA to power series solutions and is available via the SHARE library. The program is directed toward those classes of equations with variable coefficients (in particular, those with singularities) and uses the method of Frobenius. Probably the most important distinction between this package and others currently available or being developed is that, wherever possible, this program will attempt to provide a complete solution to the equation rather than an approximation, i.e., a finite number of terms. This solution will take the form of a sum of infinite series.

Lafferty, E. L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

An advanced solid state pressure transducer for high reliability SSME application

New methods to advance the state-of-the-art of pressure sensors for the Space Shuttle Main Engine were demonstrated. The results of the feasibility and breadboard demonstration phase and the current status of the research development prototype follow-on phase are presented. A technology breakthrough utilizing silicon piezoresistive technology was achieved in the first phase. A transducer design concept for the SSME application utilizes packaging materials with similar thermal coefficients of expansion and maintains the transducer seals primarily in compression. The silicon chip design will provide dual sensing outputs with laser trimmable integrated compensating electronics. The silicon resistor ion implant dose was customized for the SSME temperature requirement. A basic acoustic modeling software program was developed to evaluate the frequency response characteristics for the package design.

Johnson, R. L.↗
DOE OSTI2023

A2E2G (Atmosphere to Electrons to the Grid platform) [SWR-23-22]

A2E2G is a platform that integrates 1) forecasting tools to account for weather uncertainty, with 2) aerodynamic wind plant models to account for wake dynamics and wind plant operation, and 3) economic models to advise on operation for a wind power plant that offers grid services in addition to energy. The A2E2G platform can be used as a high-level controller for a wind plant for market participation and real-time wind plant control. The A2E2g platform is a holistic Python tool with modules that can be run to 1) advise on market participation and 2) control and operate a wind power plant in real time. The A2E2g framework assumes two stages: the first stage is in day-ahead and the second stage is in real-time. Managing uncertainty is key in the first stage and managing variability is key in the second stage. The different components have models written and developed in the Python programming language. The code is assembled into a Python package and can be easily downloaded and installed from the A2E2g repository (https://github.com/NREL/a2e2g).

Sinner, Michael↗
DOE OSTI2024

thevenin: An Equivalent Circuit Modeling Package [SWR-24-132]

This package is a wrapper for the well-known Thevenin equivalent circuit model for simulating battery behavior with a focus on ease of use. The model is comprised of a single series resistor followed by any number of parallel RC pairs. The package includes an intuitive "experiment" interface, which simplifies the programming of constant or dynamic current, voltage, and/or power-driven loads, making it ideal for a wide range of applications, from basic tests to complex simulations. It also supports state-of-charge (SOC) and temperature-dependent properties, allowing the model to be more easily calibrated against real cells.

Randall, Corey↗
DOE OSTI2022

A System Approach to Deep Heating Savings Through Measurement, Management, and Motivation

Across multi-tenant commercial office and multifamily buildings, centrally metered fuel use represents a substantial fraction of whole-building energy use. Energy audit practitioners understand that improving heating distribution efficiency is typically more of an opportunity than combustion efficiency and that differing thermal comfort preferences between tenants are the bane of operators across these building typologies. There is an unmet market need for retrofit technologies that allow for the delivery of the right amount of heat to the right spaces, at the right time. The Energy Management and Information System (EMIS) package fills this gap through enhanced controls and metering, incorporating low-cost sensors and wireless communication infrastructure to provide a platform for ongoing commissioning and tenant feedback, including heat cost allocation. With support from the US DOE Building Technologies Office, Steven Winter Associates, Inc. (SWA) partnered with Sentient Buildings, E Source, building owners, and utility and policy stakeholders, to demonstrate a market viable EMIS that achieves a reduction in space heating energy use by reducing heating load, improving control, and positively impacting behavior while providing an acceptable financial return. In this study, EMIS packages were implemented in two New York City multifamily rental buildings. Both buildings conducted basic mechanical work (e.g., repairing steam traps) to ensure the heating system was operating well before any tenant feedback was layered in. Heating Energy Use Reports (HEUR) were created to provide tenants with social comparisons and energy savings tips to influence their behavior; these were provided monthly to all tenants in both buildings. Additionally, one building allocated heating costs to a portion of the tenants. Heat cost allocation (HCA) has a long history in the European Union (EU), although it is not common in the US or in steam-heated buildings. SWA leveraged existing EU best practices and stakeholder feedback to develop a Heat Cost Allocation algorithm that was considered equitable and intuitive. Energy use and tenant behavior impacts were tracked throughout the study. The basic mechanical repair work saved between 11-20% of heating energy. Those savings rose to 17-24% with the addition of tenant feedback. While it may not be possible to precisely determine the impact of COVID-19 on research studies like this, there may have been additional savings realized had the study taken place in a period of normal occupancy patterns. These types of central heating systems have been a blind spot for utilities, who have traditionally had little visibility into detailed behind-the-meter gas usage. Heating energy savings stayed consistent during the coldest months, indicating the potential for utilities to utilize EMIS packages for peak gas demand reductions or demand response programs. Tenant comfort was also improved. Post installation, room temperatures more closely matched thermostat set points. Perhaps due to this greater level of control, the vast majority of tenants being billed for heating were accepting of the allocation costs. And tenants receiving heat cost allocations were more likely to reduce their thermostat setpoints than tenants receiving behavioral feedback without financial impacts were. Variation in building specifics makes it difficult to provide precise energy and financial savings estimates. But within the range of expected conditions, the study identified a few key variables that can have the greatest impact on financial returns: the cost of fuel, the ability and willingness to allocate heating costs to tenants, and a well-functioning heating system as a starting point. This study focused on two multifamily buildings, but additional use cases, such as commercial buildings and affordable housing, should be explored to better understand the full market potential. While this type of upgrade has the potential for deep energy reductions and cost savings, future projects should take into account the balance of costs and benefits between owners and tenants, especially in the affordable, regulated, or other low-to-moderate income (LMI) segments of the market. Rent credits, utility allowances, or a shared savings program are possible options to accelerate adoption of this strategy in these market segments.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Mechanical Performance of Additively Manufactured ODS 316L and 316H Stainless Steels

This work package within the Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies (AMMT) program focused on the mechanical and microstructural characterization of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) stainless steels produced using advanced manufacturing techniques. The research aimed to identify an accelerated development path for ODS alloys by integrating additive manufacturing (AM) technologies with recent advancements in ODS materials and traditional manufacturing methods. For FY 24, the research specifically targeted exploring an accelerated development path for ODS alloys by combining AM technologies with these advancements. Novel AM and post-build processing routes were developed for ODS austenitic alloys, including Fe-Cr-Ni alloys such as 316L and 316H. Electron microscopy and mechanical characterizations were conducted to evaluate the impact of process variables on microstructure and properties, with the goal of optimizing these properties economically. Traditionally, producing ODS alloys involves multi-day, high-energy mechanical milling of alloy powder with yttria powder, followed by milled-powder consolidation through extrusion or other methods, and additional thermomechanical processing (TMP) for property control. To overcome the challenges associated with this complex and costly approach, we propose exploring alternative, cost-effective processing routes that emphasize AM and traditional TMP methods. The new processing routes for ODS alloys have achieved significantly higher strengths—several times greater than those of wrought stainless steels—while maintaining substantial ductility and fracture toughness. This report outlines the novel and economical AM-based processing routes for ODS austenitic alloys, combined with post-build TMPs, and discusses the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the developed materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1971

The Advanced On-board Processor (AOP)

The goal of the Advanced On-Board Processor (AOP) development program is to design, build, and flight qualify a highly reliable, moderately priced, digital computer for application on a variety of spacecraft. Included in this development program is the preparation of a complete support software package which consists of an assembler, simulator, loader, system diagnostic, operational executive, and many useful subroutines. The AOP hardware/software system is an extension of the On-Board Processor (OBP) which was developed for general purpose use on earth orbiting spacecraft with its initial application being on-board the fourth Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO-C). Although the OBP possesses the significant features that are required for space application, however, when operating at 100% duty cycle the OBP is too power-consuming for use on many smaller spacecraft. Computer volume will be minimized by implementing the processor and input/output portions of the machine with large scale integrated circuits. Power consumption will be reduced through the use of plated wire and, in some cases, semiconductor memory elements.

Hartenstein, R. G.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Experiment S-191 visible and infrared spectrometer

The design, development, fabrication test, and utilization of the visible and infrared spectrometer portion of the S-191 experiment, part of the Earth Resources Experiment Package, on board Skylab is discussed. The S-191 program is described, as well as conclusions and recommendations for improvement of this type of instrument for future applications. Design requirements, instrument design approaches, and the test verification program are presented along with test results, including flight hardware calibration data. A brief discussion of operation during the Skylab mission is included. Documentation associated with the program is listed.

Linnell, E. R.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Detection And Mapping (DAM) package. Volume 1: General procedure

The author has identified the following significant results. The DAM package is an integrated set of manual procedures, computer programs, and graphic devices designed for efficient production of precisely registered and formatted maps from digital LANDSAT multispectral scanner data. The software can be readily implemented on any Univac 1100 series computer with standard peripheral equipment. This version of the software includes predefined spectral limits for use in classifying and mapping surface water.

Schlosser, E. H.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Detection And Mapping (DAM) package. Volume 4A: Software System Manual, part 1

The package is an integrated set of manual procedures, computer programs, and graphic devices designed for efficient production of precisely registered and formatted maps from digital LANDSAT multispectral scanner (MSS) data. The software can be readily implemented on any Univac 1100 series computer with standard peripheral equipment. This version of the software includes predefined spectral limits for use in classifying and mapping surface water for LANDSAT-1, LANDSAT-2, and LANDSAT-3. Tape formats supported include X, AM, and PM.

Schlosser, E. H.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Comparative radiation testing of solar cells for the shuttle power extension package

The Power Extension Package (PEP) is the prime focus of a development program to produce low cost solar cells. The PEP is a 32 kilowatt flexible substrate, retrievable, solar array system for use on the Space Shuttle. Solar cell cost will be reduced by increasing cell area and simplifying cell and coverglass fabrication processes and specifications. The cost goal is to produce cells below $30 per watt. Two and ten ohm-cm silicon cells were investigated. This paper describes a unique radiation damage test and side-by-side comparison of candidate cell types with pre-and post-irradiation airplane calibration of outer space short-circuit current.

Baraona, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Feasibility of remotely manipulated welding in space: A step in the development of novel joining technologies

A six month research program entitled Feasibility of Remotely Manipulated Welding in Space - A Step in the Development of Novel Joining Technologies is performed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the Office of Space Science and Applications, NASA, under Contract No. NASW-3740. The work is performed as a part of the Innovative Utilization of the Space Station Program. The final report from M.I.T. was issued in September 1983. This paper presents a summary of the work performed under this contract. The objective of this research program is to initiate research for the development of packaged, remotely controlled welding systems for space construction and repair. The research effort includes the following tasks: (1) identification of probable joining tasks in space; (2) identification of required levels of automation in space welding tasks; (3) development of novel space welding concepts; (4) development of recommended future studies; and (5) preparation of the final report.

Masubuchi, K.↗
NASA NTRS1991

A comprehensive mission to planet Earth: Woods Hole Space Science and Applications Advisory Committee Planning Workshop

The NASA program Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE) is described in this set of visuals presented in Massachusetts on July 29, 1991. The problem presented in this document is that the earth system is changing and that human activity accelerates the rate of change resulting in increased greenhouse gases, decreasing levels of stratospheric ozone, acid rain, deforestation, decreasing biodiversity, and overpopulation. Various national and international organizations are coordinating global change research. The complementary space observations for this activity are sun-synchronous polar orbits, low-inclination, low altitude orbits, geostationary orbits, and ground measurements. The Geostationary Earth Observatory is the major proposed mission of MTPE. Other proposed missions are EOS Synthetic Aperture Radar, ARISTOTELES Magnetic Field Experiment, and the Global Topography Mission. Use of the NASA DC-8 aircraft is outlined as carrying out the Airborne Science and Applications Program. Approved Earth Probes Program include the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). Other packages for earth observation are described.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1993

Second Generation Integrated Composite Analyzer (ICAN) Computer Code

This manual updates the original 1986 NASA TP-2515, Integrated Composite Analyzer (ICAN) Users and Programmers Manual. The various enhancements and newly added features are described to enable the user to prepare the appropriate input data to run this updated version of the ICAN code. For reference, the micromechanics equations are provided in an appendix and should be compared to those in the original manual for modifications. A complete output for a sample case is also provided in a separate appendix. The input to the code includes constituent material properties, factors reflecting the fabrication process, and laminate configuration. The code performs micromechanics, macromechanics, and laminate analyses, including the hygrothermal response of polymer-matrix-based fiber composites. The output includes the various ply and composite properties, the composite structural response, and the composite stress analysis results with details on failure. The code is written in FORTRAN 77 and can be used efficiently as a self-contained package (or as a module) in complex structural analysis programs. The input-output format has changed considerably from the original version of ICAN and is described extensively through the use of a sample problem.

Murthy, Pappu L. N.↗