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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 703 records · Page 39
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Co-optimized trading of hybrid wind power plant with retired EV batteries in energy and reserve markets under uncertainties

To be competitive in the electricity markets, various technologies have been reported to increase profits of wind farm owners. Combining battery storage system, wind farms can be operated as conventional power plants which promotes the integration of wind power into the power grid. However, high expenses on batteries keep investors away. Retired EV batteries, fortunately, still have enough capacity to be reused and could be obtained at a low price. In this work, a two-stage optimization of a wind energy retired EV battery-storage system is proposed. The economic performance of the proposed system is examined concerning its participation in the frequency containment normal operation reserve (FCR-N) market and the spot market simultaneously. To account uncertainties in the wind farm output, various electricity market prices, and up/down regulation status, a scenario-based stochastic programming method is used. The sizing of the equipment is optimized on top of daily operations of the hybrid system which formulates a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. Scenarios are generated with the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and Roulette Wheel Mechanism (RWM), which are further reduced with the simultaneous backward method (SBM) to increase computational efficiency. A 21 MW wind farm is selected as a case study. Here, the optimization results show that by integrating with a retired EV battery-storage system (RESS) and a bi-directional inverter, the wind farm can increase its profits significantly when forwarding bids in both of the aforementioned electricity markets.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1987

Nickel hydrogen low Earth orbit test program update and status

The current status of nickel-hydrogen (NiH2) testing ongong at NWSC, Crane In, and The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, Ca are described. The objective of this testing is to develop a database for NiH2 battery use in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and support applications in Medium Altitude Orbit (MAO). Individual pressure vessel-type cells are being tested. A minimum of 200 cells (3.5 in diameter and 4.5 in diameter) are included in the test, from four U.S. vendors. As of this date (Nov. 18, 1986) approximately 60 cells have completed preliminary testing (acceptance, characterization, and environmental testing) and have gone into life cycling.

Badcock, C. C.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Battery and cell testing at NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center

An overview covering the ten cell/battery tests ongoing at MSFC are presented. The presentation is not intended to give specific test results on any test. The purpose and related program that applies to each test is acknowledged. Except for the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES), all are energy-stored and retrieval devices at low earth orbit (LEO) cycles.

Whitt, Tom↗
NASA NTRS2001

NASA Tech Briefs, February 2001

The topics include: 1) Application Briefs; 2) National Design Engineering Show Preview; 3) Marketing Inventions to Increase Income; 4) A Personal-Computer-Based Physiological Training System; 5) Reconfigurable Arrays of Transistors for Evolvable Hardware; 6) Active Tactile Display Device for Reading by a Blind Person; 7) Program Automates Management of IBM VM Computer Systems; 8) System for Monitoring the Environment of a Spacecraft Launch; 9) Measurement of Stresses and Strains in Muscles and Tendons; 10) Optical Measurement of Temperatures in Muscles and Tendons; 11) Small Low-Temperature Thermometer With Nanokelvin Resolution; 12) Heterodyne Interferometer With Phase-Modulated Carrier; 13) Rechargeable Batteries Based on Intercalation in Graphite; 14) Signal Processor for Doppler Measurements in Icing Research; 15) Model Optimizes Drying of Wet Sheets; 16) High-Performance POSS-Modified Polymeric Composites; 17) Model Simulates Semi-Solid Material Processing; 18) Modular Cryogenic Insulation; 19) Passive Venting for Alleviating Helicopter Tail-Boom Loads; 20) Computer Program Predicts Rocket Noise; 21) Process for Polishing Bare Aluminum to High Optical Quality; 22) External Adhesive Pressure-Wall Patch; 23) Java Implementation of Information-Sharing Protocol; 24) Electronic Bulletin Board Publishes Schedules in Real Time; 25) Apparatus Would Extract Water From the Martian Atmosphere; 26) Review of Research on Supercritical vs Subcritical Fluids; 27) Hybrid Regenerative Water-Recycling System; 28) Study of Fusion-Driven Plasma Thruster With Magnetic Nozzle; 29) Liquid/Vapor-Hydrazine Thruster Would Produce Small Impulses; and 30) Thruster Based on Sublimation of Solid Hydrazine

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1993

Eagle-Picher Industries Sodium Sulfur Program

Viewgraphs of the sodium sulfur program are presented. Sodium sulfur low earth orbit (LEO) cells are described. Topics covered include cell sizes, areas of improvement, and NaS cell testing. Sodium sulfur cell and battery designs continue to evolve with significant improvement demonstrated in resistance, rechargeability, cycle life, energy density, and electrolyte characterization.

Silvey, Ronald L.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Supporting Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Deployment

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) helps federal agencies electrify their fleets and support the deployment of charging infrastructure. To assist agencies with the transition to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), including battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), FEMP offers technical guidance on electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) installations and site-specific planning through on-site and virtual EVSE Tiger Teams.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Phase-Field Modeling of Materials Interfaces and Nanostructures

Nanostructured materials offer unique properties for a wide range of energy applications. Among various known processing methods, liquid metal dealloying (LMD)—the selective dissolution of a base alloy element into a metallic melt—has emerged as a powerful technique to produce a new class of nano-/meso-scale open porous and bicontinuous composite structures with ultra-high interfacial area. LMD has recently been complemented by the advent of vapor phase dealloying (VPD), a novel technique that exploits the selective evaporation of one element from a parent alloy containing elements with very different vapor pressures, thereby enabling to fabricate open nanoporous structures of various elements from less-noble metals to inorganic elements regardless of their chemical activity without requiring high LMD temperatures and chemical etching. Together LMD and VPD have greatly expanded the scope of dealloying techniques, limited by traditional electrochemical means to noble metals, and boosted the design of new functional and structural materials that combine a wide variety of elements. Topologically-connected open porous structures with ultra-high surface area allow mass transport within the structure while preserving structural integrity, enabling them to serve as catalysts, fuel cells, supercapacitors, or high-capacity battery materials. Bicontinuous composite structures in turn can display high strength and high ductility or superior radiation-damage resistance due to the ultra-high interface area between interpenetrating solid phases. This research program makes use of state-of-the-art computational methods to understand at a basic level the self-organizing dealloying process with main focus on dealloying kinetics and interfacial pattern formation at the dealloying front controlling initial structure size, topology, and phase compositions. Phase-field simulation studies of LMD focus on solid solutions, line compounds, and intermetallic systems that can form ternary composites by nucleation and growth of a new phase. Studies of VPD employ phase-field modeling and a hybrid method combining a kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model of evaporation and surface diffusion with molecular dynamics for vapor-phase transport inside nanopores. Simulations explore mechanisms of interface- and diffusion-controlled dealloying kinetics, both observed in VPD but not fundamentally understood. In addition, our newly developed multi-physics phase-field approach of large-volume-change phase transformations is being used to model novel 3D anode geometries based on dealloyed nanoporous structures including novel sandwiched graphene/Si/silica for highrate Li ion battery. Those studies are aimed at elucidating geometric design principles that improve mechanical stability. We expect this research to enhance the capability to tailor nano-/mesoscale structures for a wide range of energy-related materials applications and to yield further advances in computational methodologies that benefit a broad materials research community.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS2009

Web-Based Programs Assess Cognitive Fitness

The National Space Biomedical Research Institute, based in Houston and funded by NASA, began funding research for Harvard University researchers to design Palm software to help astronauts monitor and assess their cognitive functioning. The MiniCog Rapid Assessment Battery (MRAB) was licensed by the Criteria Corporation in Los Angeles and adapted for Web-based employment testing. The test battery assesses nine different cognitive functions and can gauge the effect of stress-related deficits, such as fatigue, on various tasks. The MRAB can be used not only for pre-employment testing but also for repeat administrations to measure day-to-day job readiness in professions where alertness is critical.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1998

An Adaptable Power System with Software Control Algorithm

A low cost, flexible and modular spacecraft power system design was developed in response to a call for an architecture that could accommodate multiple missions in the small to medium load range. Three upcoming satellites will use this design, with one launch date in 1999 and two in the year 2000. The design consists of modular hardware that can be scaled up or down, without additional cost, to suit missions in the 200 to 600 Watt orbital average load range. The design will be applied to satellite orbits that are circular, polar elliptical and a libration point orbit. Mission unique adaptations are accomplished in software and firmware. In designing this advanced, adaptable power system, the major goals were reduction in weight volume and cost. This power system design represents reductions in weight of 78 percent, volume of 86 percent and cost of 65 percent from previous comparable systems. The efforts to miniaturize the electronics without sacrificing performance has created streamlined power electronics with control functions residing in the system microprocessor. The power system design can handle any battery size up to 50 Amp-hour and any battery technology. The three current implementations will use both nickel cadmium and nickel hydrogen batteries ranging in size from 21 to 50 Amp-hours. Multiple batteries can be used by adding another battery module. Any solar cell technology can be used and various array layouts can be incorporated with no change in Power System Electronics (PSE) hardware. Other features of the design are the standardized interfaces between cards and subsystems and immunity to radiation effects up to 30 krad Total Ionizing Dose (TID) and 35 Mev/cm(exp 2)-kg for Single Event Effects (SEE). The control algorithm for the power system resides in a radiation-hardened microprocessor. A table driven software design allows for flexibility in mission specific requirements. By storing critical power system constants in memory, modifying the system code for other programs is simple. These constants can be altered also by ground command, or in response to an anomolous event. All critical power system functions have backup hardware functions to prevent a software or computer glitch from propagating. A number of battery charge control schemes can be implemented by selecting the proper control terms in the code. The architecture allows the design engineer to tune the system response to various system components and anticipated load profiles without costly alterations. A design trade was made with the size, weight and power dissipation of the electronics versus the performance of the power bus to load variations. Linear, fine control is maintained with a streamlined electronics design. This paper describes the hardware design as well as the software control algorithm. The challenges of closing the system control loop digitally is discussed. Control loop margin and power system performance is presented. Lab measurements are shown and compared to the system response of a hardware model running actual flight software.

Castell, Karen↗
DOE OSTI2022

Optimal Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources Using Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient

Recent studies showed that reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for coordination and control of distributed energy resources (DER) under uncertainties. Many existing RL approaches, including Q-learning and approximate dynamic programming, are based on lookup table methods, which become inefficient when the problem size is large and infeasible when continuous states and actions are involved. In addition, when modeling battery energy storage system (BESS), the loss of life is not reasonably considered into the decision-making process. This paper proposes an innovative deep RL method for DER coordination considering BESS degradation. The proposed deep RL is designed based on an adaptive actor-critic architecture and employs an off-policy deterministic policy gradient method for determining the dispatch operation that minimizes the operation cost and BESS life loss. Case studies were performed to validate the proposed method and demonstrate the effects of incorporating degradation models into control design.

Das, Avijit↗
DOE OSTI2020

Power Split Supercharging: A Mild Hybrid Approach to Boost Fuel Economy

This work investigates an innovative low-voltage (<60 V) hybrid device that enables engine boosting and downsizing in addition to mild hybrid functionalities such as regenerative braking, start-stop, and torque assist. A planetary gear set and a brake permit the power split supercharger (PSS) to share a 9 kW motor between supercharging the engine and direct torque supply to the crankshaft. In contrast, most e-boosting schemes use two separate motors for these two functionalities. This single motor structure restricts the PSS operation to only one of the supercharging or parallel hybrid modes; therefore, an optimized decision making strategy is necessary to select both the device mode and its power split ratio. An adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS), which uses the battery state of charge (SoC) history to adjust the equivalence factor, is developed for energy management of the PSS. The A-ECMS effectiveness is compared against a dynamic programming (DP) solution with full drive cycle preview through hardware-in-the-loop experiments on an engine dynamometer testbed. The experiments show that the PSS with A-ECMS reduces vehicle fuel consumption by 18.4% over standard FTP75 cycle, compared to a baseline turbocharged engine, while global optimal DP solution decreases the fuel consumption by 22.8% compared to the baseline.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Community Microgrid Scheduling Considering Network Operational Constraints and Building Thermal Dynamics

Here, this paper proposes a Mixed Integer Conic Programming (MICP) model for community microgrids considering the network operational constraints and building thermal dynamics. The proposed optimization model optimizes not only the operating cost, including fuel cost, purchasing cost, battery degradation cost, voluntary load shedding cost and the cost associated with customer discomfort due to room temperature deviation from the set point, but also several performance indices, including voltage deviation, network power loss and power factor at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). In particular, the detailed thermal dynamic model of buildings is integrated into the distribution optimal power flow (D-OPF) model for the optimal operation of community microgrids. The heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems can be scheduled intelligently to reduce the electricity cost while maintaining the indoor temperature in the comfort range set by customers. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and significant saving in electricity cost could be achieved with network operational constraints satisfied.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
NASA NTRS1996

Space Electrochemical Research and Technology

Individual papers presented at the conference address the following topics: development of a micro-fiber nickel electrode for nickel-hydrogen cell, high performance nickel electrodes for space power application, bending properties of nickel electrodes for nickel-hydrogen batteries, effect of KOH concentration and anions on the performance of a Ni-H2 battery positive plate, advanced dependent pressure vessel nickel hydrogen spacecraft cell and battery design, electrolyte management considerations in modern nickel hydrogen and nickel cadmium cell and battery design, a novel unitized regenerative proton exchange membrane fuel cell, fuel cell systems for first lunar outpost - reactant storage options, the TMI regenerable solid oxide fuel cell, engineering development program of a closed aluminum-oxygen semi-cell system for an unmanned underwater vehicle, SPE OBOGS on-board oxygen generating system, hermetically sealed aluminum electrolytic capacitor, sol-gel technology and advanced electrochemical energy storage materials, development of electrochemical supercapacitors for EMA applications, and high energy density electrolytic capacitor.

Richard M Wilson↗
NASA NTRS2012

Spacecraft Status Report: 2001 Mars Odyssey

Fourth extension of Odyssey mission continues, with orbital science investigations and relay services for landed assets. Mitigation of aging IMU and UHF transceiver. ODY has responded to Program Office/board recommendations. All Stellar mode has been certified for flight operations and is now standard for nadir point operations on the A-side. Investigating options to mitigate aging Battery. Gradual transfer to a later LMST orbit node to shorten eclipse durations. Reduce spacecraft loads during the longer eclipses. Optimize battery performance. ODY is preparing for E5 Proposal and Planetary Science Division FY12 Senior Review activities. ODY is on track to support MSL EDL and surface operations. ODY is managing consumables in order to remain in operations until 2020.

inter-annual variations↗
NASA NTRS2012

DC Magnetics Measurement System Design

This report will detail the updates to the magnetics measurement system design and testing procedures that are required for performing static (DC) magnetics testing of future flight hardware. An older magnetics testing system had to be integrated with new procedures and hardware to meet the demands of future testing programs and accommodate an upcoming magnetics tests. The next test will be for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series (GOES-R), which will verify that the SAFT Battery component meets its specifications for magnetic cleanliness. The satellite is scheduled to launch in 2015 with magnetics testing to be completed on the battery in November 2012.

DC magnetics↗
DOE OSTI2016

Optimal Energy Management for Microgrid with Stationary and Mobile Storage

This paper studies energy management in a Microgrid (MG) with solar generation, Battery Energy Management System (BESS) and gridable (V2G) EVs. A two-stage stochastic optimization method is proposed to capture the intermittent solar generation and random EV user behaviors. It is subsequently formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem. To evalutate the proposed method, real solar generation, loads, BESS and EV data is used in Sample Average Approximation (SAA). Computational results show the correctness of the proposed method as well as steady and tightly bounded optimality gap. Comparisons demonstrate that the proposed stochastic method outperforms its deterministic counterpart at the expense of higher computational cost. It is also observed that moderate number of EVs helps to reduce the overall operational cost of the MG, which sheds light on future EV integration to the smart grid.

Battery Energy Management System (BESS)↗
DOE OSTI2018

Privacy-Preserving Aggregation of Controllable Loads to Compensate Fluctuations in Solar Power

Cybersecurity and privacy are of the utmost importance for safe, reliable operation of the electric grid. It is well known that the increased connectivity/interoperability between all stakeholders (e.g., utilities, suppliers, and consumers) will enable personal information collection. Significant advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) deployment and demand response (DR) programs across the country, while enable enhanced automation, also generate energy data on individual consumers that can potentially be used for exploiting privacy. Inspired by existing works which consider DR, battery-based perturbation, and differential privacy noise adding, we novelly consider the aggregator (cluster) level privacy issue in the DR framework of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation following. Different from most of the existing works which mainly rely on the charging/discharging scheduling of rechargeable batteries, we utilize controllable building loads to serve as virtual storage devices to absorb a large portion of the PV genertaion while delicately keeping desired noisy terms to satisfy the differential privacy for the raw load profiles at the aggregator level. This not only ensures differential privacy, but also improves the DR efficiency in load following since part of the noisy signal in solar PV generation has been filtered out. In particular, a mixed integer quadratic optimization problem is formulated to optimally dispatch a population of on/off controllable loads to achieve this privacy-preserving DR service.

Dong, Jin↗