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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 703 records · Page 39
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

LLRF System Analysis for the Fermilab PIP-II LINAC

Developing long-lived quantum processing units (QPUs) capable of supporting high-fidelity quantum operations is a crucial challenge on the path toward fault-tolerant quantum computing. TESLA-shaped superconducting RF (SRF) cavities, known for photon relaxation times on the order of seconds, provide an excellent foundation for 3D QPUs and quantum memory. This talk presents a novel design that leverages TESLA cavity modes coupled to ancillary transmon qubits, optimized to preserve coherence and control. By carefully engineering the package geometry, optimizing Hamiltonian parameters, and minimizing lossy participation ratios, we achieve photon relaxation times of over 16 ms and 20 ms for the two cavity modes, representing a significant improvement over previous multimode quantum memories. Despite the reduced coupling between the qubit and cavity modes, which is necessary to preserve long lifetimes, the platform supports robust and universal control schemes that are not limited by low coupling strength. We will also discuss how this architecture can lead to scalable, modular quantum computing systems.

Varghese, P. [Fermilab]↗
NASA NTRS1996

Ka-band monopulse antenna-pointing systems analysis and simulation

NASA 's Deep Space Network (DSN) has been using both 70-m and 34-m reflector antennas to communicate with spacecraft at S-band (2.3 GHz) and X-band (8.45 GHz). To improve the quality of telecommunication and to meet future mission requirements, JPL has been developing 34-m Ka-band (32-GHz) beam waveguide antennas. Presently, antenna pointing operates in either the open-loop mode with blind pointing using navigation predicts or the closed-loop mode with conical scan (conscan). Pointing accuracy under normal conscan operating conditions is in the neighborhood of 5 mdeg. This is acceptable at S- and X-bands, but not enough at Ka-band. Due to the narrow beamwidth at Ka-band, it is important to improve pointing accuracy significantly (approximately 2 mdeg). Monopulse antenna tracking is one scheme being developed to meet the stringent pointing-accuracy requirement at Ka-band. Other advantages of monopulse tracking include low sensitivity to signal amplitude fluctuations as well as single-pulse processing for acquisition and tracking. This article presents system modeling, signal processing, simulation, and implementation of Ka-band monopulse tracking feed for antennas in NASA/DSN ground stations.

Lo, V. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Ka-Band Monopulse Antenna-Pointing Systems Analysis and Simulation

NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) has been using both 70-m and 34-m reflector antennas to communicate with spacecraft at S-band (2.3 GHz) and X-band (8.45 GHz). To improve the quality of telecommunication and to meet future mission requirements, JPL has been developing 34-m Ka-band (32-GHz) beamwave guide antennas. Presently, antenna pointing operates in either the open-loop mode with blind pointing using navigation predicts or the closed-loop mode with conical scan (conscan). Pointing accuracy under normal conscan operating conditions is in the neighborhood of 5 mdeg. This is acceptable at S- and X-bands, but not enough at Ka-band. Due to the narrow beamwidth at Ka-band, it is important to improve pointing accuracy significantly (approx. 2 mdeg). Monopulse antenna tracking is one scheme being developed to meet the stringent pointing-accuracy requirement at Ka-band. Other advantages of monopulse tracking include low sensitivity to signal amplitude fluctuations as well as single-pulse processing for acquisition and tracking. This article presents system modeling, signal processing, simulation, and implementation of Ka-band monopulse tracking feed for antennas in NASA/DSN ground stations.

Lo, V. Y.↗
NASA NTRS2022

The Space Superhighway: Systems Analysis of an In-Space Logistics Delivery Network

The number of assets in cislunar space is anticipated to dramatically increase in the coming decades. Many of these newer spacecraft are being designed to take advantage of capabilities currently in development like In-Space Servicing Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM). Additionally, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) intends to develop and maintain a human-lunar presence that will then serve as a steppingstone for human missions to Mars. With continued growth in space operations, the combined demand for payload and propellant delivery in cislunar space could exceed 1,000 t annually in the next decade. The Space Superhighway principally consists of a logistics network and is intended to both use and proliferate ISAM in order to meet projected payload demands. Several architecture and vehicle-level trade studies are explored in order to better understand what in-space logistics networks may be feasible. The network consists of commercial launch vehicles, resupply tankers, orbital depots, and in-space tugs. This work specifically analyzes high-level trades such as: launch and in-space vehicle propulsion systems, vehicle size, staging orbit, level of vehicle reuse, reuse method, and propellant management strategy. Each of the trades are analyzed across several destination orbits such as Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) and Near-Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NRHO). Several payload types are also considered such as storable and cryogenic chemical propellants, electric propellants, crew logistics, spares, smallsats, and satellite piece parts.

Daniel J Tiffin↗
DOE OSTI2022

System Analysis Modeling and Intermodal Transportation for Commercial Spent Nuclear Fuel

This is a technical presentation that does not take into account contractual limitations or obligations under the Standard Contract for Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and/or High-Level Radioactive Waste (Standard Contract) (10 CFR Part 961). For example, under the provisions of the Standard Contract, spent nuclear fuel in multi-assembly canisters is not an acceptable waste form, absent a mutually agreed to contract amendment.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Commissioning of Robotic Inspection and Automated Analysis System for Assay of Gas Diffusion Piping - 19500

Robotic, in-pipe, nondestructive assay (NDA) is a revolutionary and important means for measuring, analyzing, and reporting radioactive holdup deposits in enrichment piping. This innovation promises vast advantages for efficiency, safety, and cost savings. Payoff, however, lies in utilization much more than innovation. Crossing that threshold from a technical capability to an everyday tool occurs only after rigorous commissioning, adoption, and infusion. This must meet the highest standard, and there can be no compromise. Certification of a new NDA technology must meet the highest standards for quality, safety, and efficacy. Prior to this work, there was no precedent of procedure and method for certification of a robotic methodology for this purpose. The best of robotics had not certified NDA. The best of NDA had not certified robotics. Hence, a great deal of discovery, resourcefulness, and collaboration contributed to this success. This paper chronicles the first-of-kind chartering, co-development, testing, documentation, and site integration that certified this trailblazing in-pipe, robotic NDA. Commissioning had to demonstrate and certify end-to-end NDA automation from robot traversal to computer analysis to report generation of contaminated process piping at the Portsmouth, Ohio gaseous diffusion facility. This was a rigorous campaign of tests, evaluations, and documentation. Highlights included multiple tests in four elevated pipes exercised the gamut of NDA and robotic capabilities. Each of the four test pipes presented a unique loading of U-235. The tests demonstrated operations in both 30- inch and 42-inch diameter pipes with varying lengths and terminated by a variety of valves and fittings. Tests in a fifth pipe at floor level demonstrated deployment and applicability for pipes at this ground height and robot recognition of another fitting type. All operations, calibration, deployment, auto-reporting, and analysis were handled by Portsmouth site personnel. These tests concluded a series of component-level acceptance tests which certified all constituent technologies and operational features. Test metrics included comparison of reported to ground truth results and assessment of data quality from quality assurance and replicate measurement comparison. Beyond the radiometry associated with any NDA method, this unique commissioning path exercised and evaluated all the robotic features that are intrinsic to automation. These include odometry, geometric modeling, autonomy, remote launch and recovery, and end-to-end data flow. Each of these required verification and certification. These evaluations were first-of-kind for the decommissioning community, requiring innovation and resourcefulness in their own right. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS2017

New Mathematical Functions for Vacuum System Analysis

A new bivariate function has been found that provides solutions of integrals having the form u (sup minus eta) e (sup u) du which arise when developing predictions for the behavior of pressure within a rigid volume under high vacuum conditions in the presence of venting as well as sources characterized by power law transient decay over the range [0,1] for eta and for u greater than or equal to 0. A few properties of the new function are explored in this work. For instance the eta equals 1/2 case reproduces the Dawson function. In addition, a slight variation of the solution technique reproduces the exponential integral for eta equals 1. The technique used to generate these functions leads to an approach for solving a more general class of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, with the potential for identifying other new functions that solve other integrals.

Dawson Function↗
DOE OSTI2024

Energy system analysis of cutting off Russian gas supply to the European Union

The reduction of European Union's pipeline gas imports from Russia as a consequence of the Russian war against Ukraine has had severe economy-wide implications for the EU. Using a multisector integrated assessment model (GCAM), we find that a potential complete cut-off of Russian pipeline gas exports to the EU unevenly impacts the energy mix, prices, and trade flows of different subregions within the EU, depending on their access to alternative gas pipelines and LNG infrastructure. Moreover, there are also large changes in the volume and geographical distribution of global gas infrastructure capacity additions and stranded assets. Our results show that by significantly reducing demand for natural gas, the EU Fit-for-55 policy framework already improves resilience against a complete and persistent cut-off of Russian pipeline gas. However, further improvements in energy efficiency and renewable targets could further soften impacts, while bringing climate objectives closer in sight.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Systems analysis of Lipomyces starkeyi during growth on various plant-based sugars

Oleaginous yeasts have received significant attention due to their substantial lipid storage capability. The accumulated lipids can be utilized directly or processed into various bioproducts and biofuels. Lipomyces starkeyi is an oleaginous yeast capable of using multiple plant-based sugars, such as glucose, xylose, and cellobiose. It is, however, a relatively unexplored yeast due to limited knowledge about its physiology. In this study, we have evaluated the growth of L. starkeyi on different sugars and performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to understand the underlying mechanisms of sugar metabolism. Principal component analysis showed clear differences resulting from growth on different sugars. We have further reported various metabolic pathways activated during growth on these sugars. We also observed non-specific regulation in L. starkeyi and have updated the gene annotations for the NRRL Y-11557 strain. Furthermore, this analysis provides a foundation for understanding the metabolism of these plant-based sugars and potentially valuable information to guide the metabolic engineering of L. starkeyi to produce bioproducts and biofuels.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Systems Analysis of NADH Dehydrogenase Mutants Reveals Flexibility and Limits of Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120’s Metabolism

Obligate aerobic organisms rely on a functional electron transport chain for energy conservation and NADH oxidation. Because of this essential requirement, the genes of this pathway are likely constitutively and highly expressed to avoid a cofactor imbalance and energy shortage under fluctuating environmental conditions. In this work, we investigated the essentiality of the three NADH dehydrogenases of the respiratory chain of the obligate aerobe Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 and the impact of the knockouts of corresponding genes on its physiology and metabolism. While a mutant lacking all three NADH dehydrogenases seemed to be nonviable, the single or double knockout mutant strains displayed no, or only a weak, phenotype. Only the mutant deficient in both type 2 dehydrogenases showed a clear phenotype with biphasic growth behavior and a strongly reduced growth rate in the second phase. In-depth analyses of the metabolism of the generated mutants, including quantitative physiological experiments, transcript analysis, proteomics, and enzyme activity assays revealed distinct responses to type 2 and type 1 dehydrogenase deletions. An overall high metabolic flexibility enables P. taiwanensis to cope with the introduced genetic perturbations and maintain stable phenotypes, likely by rerouting of metabolic fluxes. This metabolic adaptability has implications for biotechnological applications. While the phenotypic robustness is favorable in large-scale applications with inhomogeneous conditions, the possible versatile redirecting of carbon fluxes upon genetic interventions can thwart metabolic engineering efforts. While Pseudomonas has the capability for high metabolic activity and the provision of reduced redox cofactors important for biocatalytic applications, exploitation of this characteristic might be hindered by high, constitutive activity of and, consequently, competition with the NADH dehydrogenases of the respiratory chain. The in-depth analysis of NADH dehydrogenase mutants of Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 presented here provides insight into the phenotypic and metabolic response of this strain to these redox metabolism perturbations. This high degree of metabolic flexibility needs to be taken into account for rational engineering of this promising biotechnological workhorse toward a host with a controlled and efficient supply of redox cofactors for product synthesis.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Hydrogen Hub Systems Analysis and Mapping Tool (ParaCraft) v1

A plug and play techno-economic analysis (TEA) and lifecycle assessment (LCA) tool was built that could incorporate new projects into the California ARCHES LLC Hydrogen hub, and generate results for the project, as well as the overall hub on an annual basis. The model was first constructed in Microsoft Excel and ArcGIS, but required labor intensive updating and manual decision making regarding the matching of hydrogen supplier and offtaker and estimation of transportation distances and utility sources. The project team converted the Excel model used for the ARCHES LLC hub conceptualization into a highly flexible and nearly completely automated R code. The R code runs the TEA and LCA, as well as provides mapping capabilities that automatically link projects by latitude and longitude to nearby utilities.

Breunig, Hanna↗