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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 703 records · Page 39
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1995

A Loader for Executing Multi-Binary Applications on the Thinking Machines CM-5: It's Not Just for SPMD Anymore

The Thinking Machines CM-5 platform was designed to run single program, multiple data (SPMD) applications, i.e., to run a single binary across all nodes of a partition, with each node possibly operating on different data. Certain classes of applications, such as multi-disciplinary computational fluid dynamics codes, are facilitated by the ability to have subsets of the partition nodes running different binaries. In order to extend the CM-5 system software to permit such applications, a multi-program loader was developed. This system is based on the dld loader which was originally developed for workstations. This paper provides a high level description of dld, and describes how it was ported to the CM-5 to provide support for multi-binary applications. Finally, it elaborates how the loader has been used to implement the CM-5 version of MPIRUN, a portable facility for running multi-disciplinary/multi-zonal MPI (Message-Passing Interface Standard) codes.

Becker, Jeffrey C.↗
NASA NTRS1997

An Efficient Multiblock Method for Aerodynamic Analysis and Design on Distributed Memory Systems

The work presented in this paper describes the application of a multiblock gridding strategy to the solution of aerodynamic design optimization problems involving complex configurations. The design process is parallelized using the MPI (Message Passing Interface) Standard such that it can be efficiently run on a variety of distributed memory systems ranging from traditional parallel computers to networks of workstations. Substantial improvements to the parallel performance of the baseline method are presented, with particular attention to their impact on the scalability of the program as a function of the mesh size. Drag minimization calculations at a fixed coefficient of lift are presented for a business jet configuration that includes the wing, body, pylon, aft-mounted nacelle, and vertical and horizontal tails. An aerodynamic design optimization is performed with both the Euler and Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations governing the flow solution and the results are compared. These sample calculations establish the feasibility of efficient aerodynamic optimization of complete aircraft configurations using the RANS equations as the flow model. There still exists, however, the need for detailed studies of the importance of a true viscous adjoint method which holds the promise of tackling the minimization of not only the wave and induced components of drag, but also the viscous drag.

Reuther, James↗
NASA NTRS2001

A Miniaturized Seismometer for Subsurface Probing on Mars

Seismology is one of the most powerful tools for investigating the subsurface structure of a planet. The mechanical structure information derived from seismic measurements is complementary to other methods of probing the subsurface (such as gravity and electromagnetics), both in terms of spatial and depth resolution and the relevant types of material properties being sensed. In the near-surface, the propagation of seismic waves is especially sensitive to density and degree of compaction. In addition, interfaces between layer with contrasting properties can be relatively easily delineated. The subsurface of Mars provides an obvious target for seismic investigations. Searching for the presence of water is among the highest priority goals of the Mars Exploration Program, but there are many other important science questions that could be addressed by a seismic profile of the upper layers of the crust. We have developed an extremely small, lightweight, low-power seismometer for planetary applications which is ideally suited for use on Mars. This instrument has previously been proposed and selected for use on a comet (on the Rosetta Lander, subsequently deselected for programmatic reasons) and Mars (on the NetLander mission, with an emphasis on global structure determination).

Banerdt, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Payload/orbiter contamination control requirement study

The Spacelab carrier induced contaminant environment and Spacelab's ability to meet established contamination control criteria for the shuttle program are determined. The primary areas of on-going activity include updating, refining, and improving the Spacelab Contamination Computer Model and contamination analysis methodology; establishing the resulting adjusted induced environment predictions for comparison with the applicable criteria; determining Spacelab design and operational requirements necessary to meet the criteria; conducting mission feasibility analyses of the combined Spacelab/orbiter contaminant environment for specific proposed missions and payload mixes; and establishing a preliminary Spacelab mission support plan and model interface requirements. A summary is given of these activities conducted to date including any modifications in approach or methodology utilized in the contamination assessment of the Spacelab vehicle. The emphasis is placed on the Spacelab modeling efforts.

Bareiss, L. E.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Automatic programming of simulation models

The concepts of software engineering were used to improve the simulation modeling environment. Emphasis was placed on the application of an element of rapid prototyping, or automatic programming, to assist the modeler define the problem specification. Then, once the problem specification has been defined, an automatic code generator is used to write the simulation code. The following two domains were selected for evaluating the concepts of software engineering for discrete event simulation: manufacturing domain and a spacecraft countdown network sequence. The specific tasks were to: (1) define the software requirements for a graphical user interface to the Automatic Manufacturing Programming System (AMPS) system; (2) develop a graphical user interface for AMPS; and (3) compare the AMPS graphical interface with the AMPS interactive user interface.

Schroer, Bernard J.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Portable Computer Technology (PCT) Research and Development Program Phase 2

The subject of this project report, focused on: (1) Design and development of two Advanced Portable Workstation 2 (APW 2) units. These units incorporate advanced technology features such as a low power Pentium processor, a high resolution color display, National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) video handling capabilities, a Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) interface, and Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) and ethernet interfaces. (2) Use these units to integrate and demonstrate advanced wireless network and portable video capabilities. (3) Qualification of the APW 2 systems for use in specific experiments aboard the Mir Space Station. A major objective of the PCT Phase 2 program was to help guide future choices in computing platforms and techniques for meeting National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) mission objectives. The focus being on the development of optimal configurations of computing hardware, software applications, and network technologies for use on NASA missions.

Castillo, Michael↗
NASA NTRS2007

Revisiting Training and Verification Process Implementation for Risk Reduction on New Missions at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

In 2003 we proposed an effort to develop a core program of standardized training and verification practices and standards against which the implementation of these practices could be measured. The purpose was to provide another means of risk reduction for deep space missions to preclude the likelihood of a repeat of the tragedies of the 1998 Mars missions. We identified six areas where the application of standards and standardization would benefit the overall readiness process for flight projects at JPL. These are Individual Training, Team Training, Interface and Procedure Development, Personnel Certification, Interface and procedure Verification, and Operations Readiness Testing. In this paper we will discuss the progress that has been made in the tasks of developing the proposed infrastructure in each of these areas. Specifically we will address the Position Training and Certification Standards that are now available for each operational position found on our Flight Operations Teams (FOT). We will also discuss the MGSS Baseline Flight Operations Team Training Plan which can be tailored for each new flight project at JPL. As these tasks have been progressing, the climate and emphasis for Training and for V and V at JPL has changed, and we have learned about the expansion, growth, and limitations in the roles of traditional positions at JPL such as the Project's Training Engineer, V and V Engineer, and Operations Engineer. The need to keep a tight rein on budgets has led to a merging and/or reduction in these positions which pose challenges to individual capacities and capabilities. We examine the evolution of these processes and the roles involved while taking a look at the impact or potential impact of our proposed training related infrastructure tasks. As we conclude our examination of the changes taking place for new flight projects, we see that the importance of proceeding with our proposed tasks and adapting them to the changing climate remains an important element in reducing the risk in the challenging business of space exploration.

verifications↗
NASA NTRS2005

Diagnostic instrumentation aboard ISS: just-in-time training for non-physician crewmembers

INTRODUCTION: The performance of complex tasks on the International Space Station (ISS) requires significant preflight crew training commitments and frequent skill and knowledge refreshment. This report documents a recently developed "just-in-time" training methodology, which integrates preflight hardware familiarization and procedure training with an on-orbit CD-ROM-based skill enhancement. This "just-in-time" concept was used to support real-time remote expert guidance to complete ultrasound examinations using the ISS Human Research Facility (HRF). METHODS: An American and Russian ISS crewmember received 2 h of "hands on" ultrasound training 8 mo prior to the on-orbit ultrasound exam. A CD-ROM-based Onboard Proficiency Enhancement (OPE) interactive multimedia program consisting of memory enhancing tutorials, and skill testing exercises, was completed by the crewmember 6 d prior to the on-orbit ultrasound exam. The crewmember was then remotely guided through a thoracic, vascular, and echocardiographic examination by ultrasound imaging experts. RESULTS: Results of the CD-ROM-based OPE session were used to modify the instructions during a complete 35-min real-time thoracic, cardiac, and carotid/jugular ultrasound study. Following commands from the ground-based expert, the crewmember acquired all target views and images without difficulty. The anatomical content and fidelity of ultrasound video were adequate for clinical decision making. CONCLUSIONS: Complex ultrasound experiments with expert guidance were performed with high accuracy following limited preflight training and multimedia based in-flight review, despite a 2-s communication latency. In-flight application of multimedia proficiency enhancement software, coupled with real-time remote expert guidance, facilitates the successful performance of ultrasound examinations on orbit and may have additional terrestrial and space applications.

Inservice Training/methods↗
NASA NTRS1975

Some trends in aircraft design: Structures

Trends and programs currently underway on the national scene to improve the structural interface in the aircraft design process are discussed. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration shares a partnership with the educational and industrial community in the development of the tools, the criteria, and the data base essential to produce high-performance and cost-effective vehicles. Several thrusts to build the technology in materials, structural concepts, analytical programs, and integrated design procedures essential for performing the trade-offs required to fashion competitive vehicles are presented. The application of advanced fibrous composites, improved methods for structural analysis, and continued attention to important peripheral problems of aeroelastic and thermal stability are among the topics considered.

Brooks, G. W.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Scientific Programming Using Java: A Remote Sensing Example

This paper presents results of a project to port remote sensing code from the C programming language to Java. The advantages and disadvantages of using Java versus C as a scientific programming language in remote sensing applications are discussed. Remote sensing applications deal with voluminous data that require effective memory management, such as buffering operations, when processed. Some of these applications also implement complex computational algorithms, such as Fast Fourier Transformation analysis, that are very performance intensive. Factors considered include performance, precision, complexity, rapidity of development, ease of code reuse, ease of maintenance, memory management, and platform independence. Performance of radiometric calibration code written in Java for the graphical user interface and of using C for the domain model are also presented.

Prados, Don↗
NASA NTRS1980

Integration of design information

The overall concepts of the integrated programs for aerospace-vehicle design (IPAD) from the user's viewpoint are discussed. Also a top-level view of what the user requires from such a system is provided, and the interactions between the system and user are described. The four major components discussed are design process; data storage, management and manipulation; user interface; and project management. Although an outgrowth of aerospace production experience, the basic concepts discussed, and especially their emphasis on integration, are considered applicable to all problem solving. Thus, these concepts may offer a broad base for exploitation by industry in general. This is the first in a set of three papers, the other two being Future Integrated Design Process, by D. D. Mayer, and Requirements for Company-Wide Management of Engineering Information, by J. W. Southall. In addition to tying the three together, how project management can be handled in a computing environment and also the user interface needs are discussed in detail.

Anderton, G. L.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Evaluation of Fieldbus and OPC for Advanced Life Support

FOUNDATION(Tm) Fieldbus and OP(TM) (OLE(TM)for Process Control) technologies were integrated into an existing control system for a crop growth chamber at NASA Ames Research Center. FOUNDATION(TM) Fieldbus is a digital, bi-directional, multi-drop, serial communications network which functions essentially as a LAN for sensors. FOUNDATION(TM) Fieldbus is heterarchical, with publishers and subscribers of data performing complex control functions at low levels without centralized control and its associated overhead. OPC(TM) is a set of interfaces which replace proprietary drivers with a transparent means of exchanging data between the fieldbus and applications. The objectives were: (1) to integrate FOUNDATION(TM) Fieldbus into existing ALS hardware and determine its overall effectiveness and reliability and, (2) to quantify any savings produced by using fieldbus and OPC technologies. We encountered several problems with the FOUNDATION(TM) Fieldbus hardware chosen. Our hardware exposed 100 data for each channel of the fieldbus. The fieldbus configurator software used to program the fieldbus was simply not adequate. The fieldbus was also not inherently reliable. It lost its settings twice during our tests for unknown reasons. OPC also had issues. It did not function at all as supplied, requiring substitution of some of its components with those from other vendors. It would stop working after a fixed period of time. Certain database calls eventually lock the machine. Overall, we would not recommend FOUNDATION(TM) Fieldbus: it was too difficult to implement with little overall added value. It also seems unlikely that FOUNDATION(TM) Fieldbus will gain sufficient penetration into the laboratory instrument market to ever be cost effective for the ALS community. OPC had good reliability and performance once a stable installation was achieved. It allowed a rapid change to an alternative software strategy when our first strategy failed. It is a cost effective solution to distributed control systems development.

Boulanger, Richard P.↗
NASA NTRS1992

LinkWinds: An Approach to Visual Data Analysis

The Linked Windows Interactive Data System (LinkWinds) is a prototype visual data exploration and analysis system resulting from a NASA/JPL program of research into graphical methods for rapidly accessing, displaying and analyzing large multivariate multidisciplinary datasets. It is an integrated multi-application execution environment allowing the dynamic interconnection of multiple windows containing visual displays and/or controls through a data-linking paradigm. This paradigm, which results in a system much like a graphical spreadsheet, is not only a powerful method for organizing large amounts of data for analysis, but provides a highly intuitive, easy to learn user interface on top of the traditional graphical user interface.

Jacobson, Allan S.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The cost benefits of the Spacelab system to scientific investigations and space applications

Cost advantages of the Spacelab system to scientific experiments in space and space operations are presented. The payload integration concepts developed for Spacelab are examined, and it is shown that Spacelab and Shuttle integration, communications and data processing, launch support requirements and flight operations will provide a considerable savings in the costs of space research relative to previous space systems. Spacelab modular design, incorporating features such as standard payload interfaces, optional mission dependent equipment and standard services, such as the Experiment Computer Operating System, is shown to offer the user a wider range of services than previous programs, also at significantly lower costs. It is concluded that the Spacelab system will greatly reduce the costs and broaden the opportunities for scientific investigation in space.

Jean, O. C.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Hardware Interface Description for the Integrated Power, Avionics, and Software (iPAS) Space Telecommunications Radio Ssystem (STRS) Radio

The Space Telecommunications Radio System (STRS) provides a common, consistent framework for software defined radios (SDRs) to abstract the application software from the radio platform hardware. The STRS standard aims to reduce the cost and risk of using complex, configurable and reprogrammable radio systems across NASA missions. To promote the use of the STRS architecture for future NASA advanced exploration missions, NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) developed an STRS-compliant SDR on a radio platform used by the Advance Exploration System program at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in their Integrated Power, Avionics, and Software (iPAS) laboratory. The iPAS STRS Radio was implemented on the Reconfigurable, Intelligently-Adaptive Communication System (RIACS) platform, currently being used for radio development at JSC. The platform consists of a Xilinx ML605 Virtex-6 FPGA board, an Analog Devices FMCOMMS1-EBZ RF transceiver board, and an Embedded PC (Axiomtek eBox 620-110-FL) running the Ubuntu 12.4 operating system. Figure 1 shows the RIACS platform hardware. The result of this development is a very low cost STRS compliant platform that can be used for waveform developments for multiple applications.The purpose of this document is to describe how to develop a new waveform using the RIACS platform and the Very High Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) Hardware Description Language (VHDL) FPGA wrapper code and the STRS implementation on the Axiomtek processor.

Flight Computer↗
NASA NTRS1970

Experiment module concepts study. Volume 2: Experiments and mission operations

The baseline experiment program is concerned with future space experiments and cover the scientific disciplines of astronomy, space physics, space biology, biomedicine and biotechnology, earth applications, materials science, and advanced technology. The experiments within each discipline are grouped into functional program elements according to experiments that support a particular area of research or investigation and experiments that impose similar or related demand on space station support systems. The experiment requirements on module subsystems, experiment operating modes and time profiles, and the role of the astronaut are discussed. Launch and rendezvous with the space station, disposal, and on-orbit operations are delineated. The operational interfaces between module and other system elements are presented and include space station and logistic system interfaces. Preliminary launch and on-orbit environmental criteria and requirements are discussed, and experiment equipment weights by functional program elements are tabulated.

Macdonald, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Investigations of high power problems in space shuttle antenna designs

A study program is discussed which includes a survey of industry and government laboratories and was undertaken to determine the state of the art in dealing with problems of high power levels in reentry antenna design. A laboratory program to develop techniques for testing dielectric materials for effects on RF transmission is also considered, with emphasis on high power applications in space and reentry flights. The study program resulted in a set of guidelines for avoiding breakdown in antenna design. A discussion of temperature effects on dielectric breakdown is also given. From the laboratory program, a description is presented of techniques for (1) heating with a carbon arc image furnace, (2) temperature measurement (using thermocouples and an infrared pyrometer), (3) mass spectrometric monitoring of outgassing, (4) testing for RF breakdown in both heated dielectrics and the dielectric/air and dielectric/plasma interfaces. Data and observations are reported from technique development using candidate shuttle materials falling into three categories: (1) lightweight refractory foams, (2) dense RF window materials, and (3) ablative materials.

Taylor, W. C.↗
NASA NTRS1983

NASA research in teleoperation and robotics

Increased automation is necessary in future NASA missions. Drivers for automation include constrained funding and physical resources as well as mission capabilities not achievable through conventional means. The application of emerging technology in manipulators and machine intelligence will enable the development of robotic devices remotely commanded by human operators to increase man's productivity in space. The Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) has established a program for research in teleoperation and robotics. The program's near-term focus is a Remote Orbital Servicing System (ROSS). The longer range goals include: (1) basic research in autonomous operations, (2) human factors research on the man-machine interface to remote systems, and (3) system integration and analysis of advanced concepts. This paper reviews the current NASA research and technology and considers future work needed to meet the OAST goals.

Meintel, A. J., Jr.↗