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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 703 records · Page 39
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Improved Lithium Iodide neutron scintillator with Eu 2 + activation II: Activator zoning and concentration effects in Bridgman-grown crystals

We have previously reported on the formation of Suzuki Phase precipitate particles as a result of the addition of the divalent activator ion Eu 2+ to the monovalent alkali halide host LiI. [Boatner et al. (2017)]. These precipitates form during Bridgman or other melt-growth processes, even at low Eu 2+ concentrations (e.g., 0.1% EuI 2 doping), and scatter the scintillation light reducing the optical transparency of the scintillator and adversely affecting its radiation-detection performance. In our prior work, we developed a two-stage thermal-treatment method for the post-growth removal of the Suzuki Phase particles and the realization of a significant improvement in the optical transparency and associated neutron-detection of LiI:Eu 2+ scintillators. These improvements resulted in neutron-detection performance that is superior to GS-20 glass and that allows for the application of pulse height gamma-ray discrimination over a wide range of gamma ray energies as opposed to pulse shape discrimination. Here in this paper, we apply the two-stage thermal-processing method for the removal of Suzuki phase precipitates and carry out an in-depth study, first, of the neutron scintillator performance versus the Eu 2+ activator-ion-concentration spatial variation as a result of zoning effects during the Bridgman growth of LiI:Eu and, second, of the effects of varying the initial Eu 2+ activator ion concentration prior to crystal growth. The Eu 2+ zoning variation results allow one to identify and select the most efficient location of the scintillation performance in a directionally solidified single-crystal boule. The present study of the initial activator concentration levels shows that there are, in fact, two distinct types of luminescence centers with varying performance properties — one that occurs only at low EuI 2 addition levels (e.g., 0.01 to 0.06 %EuI 2 ) and that is quickly replaced by a second luminescing center with increasing Eu content (e.g., at 0.1% EuI2). The light yield for the luminescing center formed using a Eu activator in LiI is a critical function of the Eu concentration in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 % EuI 2 , and a high light yield of 100,000 photons/neutron is observed at the 0.06 %EuIadditive level prior to thermal processing.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1991

Towards operational multisensor registration

To use data from a number of different remote sensors in a synergistic manner, a multidimensional analysis of the data is necessary. However, prior to this analysis, processing to correct for the systematic geometric distortion characteristic of each sensor is required. Furthermore, the registration process must be fully automated to handle a large volume of data and high data rates. A conceptual approach towards an operational multisensor registration algorithm is presented. The performance requirements of the algorithm are first formulated given the spatially, temporally, and spectrally varying factors that influence the image characteristics and the science requirements of various applications. Several registration techniques that fit within the structure of this algorithm are also presented. Their performance was evaluated using a multisensor test data set assembled from LANDSAT TM, SEASAT, SIR-B, Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS), and SPOT sensors.

Rignot, Eric J. M.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Design and expected performance of a variable-radii sinusoidal spiral x-ray spectrometer for the National Ignition Facility

A novel high-resolution x-ray spectrometer for point-like emission sources has been developed using a crystal shape having both a variable major and a variable minor radius of curvature. This variable-radii sinusoidal spiral spectrometer (VR-Spiral) allows three common spectrometer design goals to be achieved simultaneously: 1. reduction of aberrations and improved spectral (energy) resolution, 2. reduction of source size broadening, and 3. use of large crystals to improve total throughput. The VR-Spiral concept and its application to practical spectrometer design are described in detail. This concept is then used to design a spectrometer for an extreme extended x-ray absorption fine structure experiment at the National Ignition Facility looking at the Pb L 3 absorption edge at 13.0352 keV. The expected performance of this VR-Spiral spectrometer, both in terms of energy resolution and spatial resolution, is evaluated through the use of a newly developed raytracing tool, xicsrt. Finally, the expected performance of the VR-Spiral concept is compared to that of spectrometers based on conventional toroidal and variable-radii toroidal crystal geometries showing a greatly improved energy resolution.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1990

The human factors of workstation telepresence

The term workstation telepresence has been introduced to describe human-telerobot compliance, which enables the human operator to effectively project his/her body image and behavioral skills to control of the telerobot itself. Major human-factors considerations for establishing high fidelity workstation telepresence during human-telerobot operation are discussed. Telerobot workstation telepresence is defined by the proficiency and skill with which the operator is able to control sensory feedback from direct interaction with the workstation itself, and from workstation-mediated interaction with the telerobot. Numerous conditions influencing such control have been identified. This raises the question as to what specific factors most critically influence the realization of high fidelity workstation telepresence. The thesis advanced here is that perturbations in sensory feedback represent a major source of variability in human performance during interactive telerobot operation. Perturbed sensory feedback research over the past three decades has established that spatial transformations or temporal delays in sensory feedback engender substantial decrements in interactive task performance, which training does not completely overcome. A recently developed social cybernetic model of human-computer interaction can be used to guide this approach, based on computer-mediated tracking and control of sensory feedback. How the social cybernetic model can be employed for evaluating the various modes, patterns, and integrations of interpersonal, team, and human-computer interactions which play a central role is workstation telepresence are discussed.

Smith, Thomas J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Vacuum UV performance of silicon detectors

The sensitivity, time-varying response, and spatial sensitivity of four silicon detectors of vacuum UV were measured by passing a typical flux of 3 x 10 photons/s at the Lyman alpha line of 1215.7 A through an exit aperture of 0.55 mm x 0.8 mm. The detectors tested were: (1) a Fairchild FPM 200 silicon planar passivated photodiode with the window removed so that radiation could directly impinge on the center of the 1.0 mm square silicon chip, (2) a Fairchild FPM 100 silicon NPN planar passivated phototransistor, (3) the Hewlett-Packard 5082-4204 silicon planar PIN photodiode, and (4) the United Detector Technology PIN Spot/2 special sensitive silicon Schottky surface photodiode with the window removed.

Ohlhaber, R. L.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Improvement in the spatial resolution for imaging with fast neutrons

In this paper, we report on the realization of an improved concept for the detection of fast neutrons using a specific setup of scintillators with the aim to overcome limitations in spatial resolution. While fast neutron imaging (FNI) is a technique to investigate very thick material layers in transmission mode, currently there is a limit in the spatial resolution at ~1 mm, which hinders the performance for the detection of features like cracks, material damage or pores in large objects ($\gg$1 cm 3 ). The improved concept presented here is based on the separation of the converter material from the scintillation layer in a suitable way, which was successfully tested and referenced to the standard devices at the NECTAR facility (FRM-2, MLZ, Garching) under realistic beamline conditions. The results imply a break-through in enabling detection of structures on the order of 0.2 to 0.5 mm (a more precise estimation is not possible due to other resolution determing factors in a realistic setup). Potential additional improvements are discussed.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS2011

Visual Object Recognition and Tracking of Tools

A method has been created to automatically build an algorithm off-line, using computer-aided design (CAD) models, and to apply this at runtime. The object type is discriminated, and the position and orientation are identified. This system can work with a single image and can provide improved performance using multiple images provided from videos. The spatial processing unit uses three stages: (1) segmentation; (2) initial type, pose, and geometry (ITPG) estimation; and (3) refined type, pose, and geometry (RTPG) calculation. The image segmentation module files all the tools in an image and isolates them from the background. For this, the system uses edge-detection and thresholding to find the pixels that are part of a tool. After the pixels are identified, nearby pixels are grouped into blobs. These blobs represent the potential tools in the image and are the product of the segmentation algorithm. The second module uses matched filtering (or template matching). This approach is used for condensing synthetic images using an image subspace that captures key information. Three degrees of orientation, three degrees of position, and any number of degrees of freedom in geometry change are included. To do this, a template-matching framework is applied. This framework uses an off-line system for calculating template images, measurement images, and the measurements of the template images. These results are used online to match segmented tools against the templates. The final module is the RTPG processor. Its role is to find the exact states of the tools given initial conditions provided by the ITPG module. The requirement that the initial conditions exist allows this module to make use of a local search (whereas the ITPG module had global scope). To perform the local search, 3D model matching is used, where a synthetic image of the object is created and compared to the sensed data. The availability of low-cost PC graphics hardware allows rapid creation of synthetic images. In this approach, a function of orientation, distance, and articulation is defined as a metric on the difference between the captured image and a synthetic image with an object in the given orientation, distance, and articulation. The synthetic image is created using a model that is looked up in an object-model database. A composable software architecture is used for implementation. Video is first preprocessed to remove sensor anomalies (like dead pixels), and then is processed sequentially by a prioritized list of tracker-identifiers.

English, James↗
NASA NTRS1986

Secondary impact hazard assessment

A series of light gas gun shots (4 to 7 km/sec) were performed with 5 mg nylon and aluminum projectiles to determine the size, mass, velocity, and spatial distribution of spall and ejecta from a number of graphite/epoxy targets. Similar determinations were also performed on a few aluminum targets. Target thickness and material were chosen to be representative of proposed Space Station structure. The data from these shots and other information were used to predict the hazard to Space Station elements from secondary particles resulting from impacts of micrometeoroids and orbital debris on the Space Station. This hazard was quantified as an additional flux over and above the primary micrometeoroid and orbital debris flux that must be considered in the design process. In order to simplify the calculations, eject and spall mass were assumed to scale directly with the energy of the projectile. Other scaling systems may be closer to reality. The secondary particles considered are only those particles that may impact other structure immediately after the primary impact. The addition to the orbital debris problem from these primary impacts was not addressed. Data from this study should be fed into the orbital debris model to see if Space Station secondaries make a significant contribution to orbital debris. The hazard to a Space Station element from secondary particles above and beyond the micrometeoroid and orbital debris hazard is categorized in terms of two factors: (1) the 'view factor' of the element to other Space Station structure or the geometry of placement of the element, and (2) the sensitivity to damage, stated in terms of energy. Several example cases were chosen, the Space Station module windows, windows of a Shuttle docked to the Space Station, the habitat module walls, and the photovoltaic solar cell arrays. For the examples chosen the secondary flux contributed no more than 10 percent to the total flux (primary and secondary) above a given calculated critical energy. A key assumption in these calculations is that above a certain critical energy, significant damage will be done. This is not true for all structures. Double-walled, bumpered structures are an example for which damage may be reduced as energy goes up. The critical energy assumption is probably conservative, however, in terms of secondary damage. To understand why the secondary impacts seem to, in general, contribute less than 10 percent of the flux above a given critical energy, consider the case of a meteoroid impact of a given energy on a fixed, large surface. This impact results in a variety of secondary particles, all of which have much less energy than the original impact. Conservation of energy prohibits any other situation. Thus if damage is linked to a critical energy of a particle, the primary flux will always deliver particles of much greater energy. Even if all the secondary particles impacted other Space Station structures, none would have a kinetic energy more than a fraction of the primary impact energy.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2025

Contributions of vegetation heterogeneity within tower footprint to CO 2 flux estimations through graph neural network modeling

Net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 (Fc) measured directly by eddy covariance towers is based on various assumptions, including large, flat and homogenous land cover type. In reality, often a tower site is not large enough for flux measurements, and landscapes consist of patches of different land cover types within the flux footprint. In addition, some portions of fluxes are contributed by different cover types when a footprint exceeds the size of the target ecosystem. The contributions of non-dominant patches to Fc are often ignored. Here, in this study, we propose a novel integrated modeling framework that combines random forest (RF) and XGBoost with a residual correction module based on a deep graph convolutional network (DeeperGCN) to simulate Fc for seven flux measurement sites in southwest Michigan. High-resolution remote sensing vegetation indices, soil properties, meteorological variables, and footprint-weighted spatial features were used as model inputs at three spatial resolutions (10 m, 20 m, 30 m), and their importance in predicting Fc with DeeperGCN was assessed. We found that residual correction using DeeperGCN significantly improved prediction accuracy, with the R 2 increasing from 0.9098 to 0.9479 for RF and from 0.9235 to 0.9433 for XGBoost. At site level, the maximum improvement in R 2 reached 0.1617. Paired t-tests confirmed that these improvements were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among all predictors, leaf area index and incoming shortwave radiation emerged as the dominant drivers of spatial residual variation, followed by precipitation, relative humidity, and selected vegetation indices. The 20 m resolution yielded the best balance between model performance and computational efficiency. In conclusion, our modeling framework effectively captures both spatial heterogeneity and nonlinear interactions, offering a robust solution for spatially explicit flux modeling in structurally diverse ecosystems beyond the study sites.

footprint model↗
NASA NTRS2019

Comparing Level-2 and Level-3 Satellite Ocean Color Retrieval Validation Methodologies

Many ocean color data applications leverage global spatially composited Level-3(L3) satellite data, because of their regular Earth-grid frame of reference. However, ocean color satellite retrieval performance is routinely evaluated on Level-2 (L2) data at the native satellite swath resolution and geometries. This study assesses how accurately binned and gridded L3 data represent L2 satellite data products via satellite-to-in situ match-up activities.L2 and L3 satellite data retrievals of the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll-a are compared with a common in situ data set, revealing similar L2 and L3 satellite-to-in situ performance for both MODIS-Aqua and VIIRS-SNPP. This agreement implies that L2 validation results are generally applicable to L3 data. However, uncertainties are introduced during the generation of L3 data from L2 data. L3 data comparisons introduce a wider temporal window between the time of in situ measurement and the time of the satellite observation, which can unintentionally reflect on the quality of the satellite retrieval or algorithm performance. The choice of L3 map projection may introduce additional uncertainty by spatially distorting the true location of the satellite retrievals. Each manipulation of satellite data beyond theinstrument's native spatio temporal reference (L2) reduces the applicability of L2 validation results to higher data processing levels.

Ocean Color↗
DOE OSTI2024

Impact of Pressure Distribution and Magnitude on the Performance of Lithium Metal Anodes

Li metal anodes are a critical battery technology due to their ability to substantially increase the energy density of Li-based batteries. It is well known that pressure greatly impacts the performance of a Li-metal anode. However, precisely how the pressure value and distribution of pressure affect performance is unclear. Furthermore, the solid-electrolyte interphase composition that forms under varying pressure distributions remains a key parameter for practical lithium metal anodes. In this work, different pressure distributions were employed by using differently shaped and oriented mechanical springs in the coin cells, resulting in varying contact points. Pressure-sensitive films were used to spatially map the pressure and correlate it to the performance. It was found that higher average pressure does not necessarily have a positive effect on performance. When high pressure is paired with poor pressure uniformity, the performance is in fact worse likely due to the current focusing effect, rendering unsatisfied cycling stability. This work points to the importance of controlling the relationship between average pressure and pressure uniformity.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
NASA NTRS2013

Studies of Inviscid Flux Schemes for Acoustics and Turbulence Problems

The last two decades have witnessed tremendous growth in computational power, the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes which scale well over thousands of processors, and the refinement of unstructured grid-generation tools which facilitate rapid surface and volume gridding of complex geometries. Thus, engineering calculations of 10(exp 7) - 10(exp 8) finite-volume cells have become routine for some types of problems. Although the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) approach to modeling turbulence is still in extensive and wide use, increasingly large-eddy simulation (LES) and hybrid RANS-LES approaches are being applied to resolve the largest scales of turbulence in many engineering problems. However, it has also become evident that LES places different requirements on the numerical approaches for both the spatial and temporal discretization of the Navier Stokes equations than does RANS. In particular, LES requires high time accuracy and minimal intrinsic numerical dispersion and dissipation over a wide spectral range. In this paper, the performance of both central-difference and upwind-biased spatial discretizations is examined for a one-dimensional acoustic standing wave problem, the Taylor-Green vortex problem, and the turbulent channel fl ow problem.

Morris, C. I.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Studies of Inviscid Flux Schemes for Acoustics and Turbulence Problems

The last two decades have witnessed tremendous growth in computational power, the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes which scale well over thousands of processors, and the refinement of unstructured grid-generation tools which facilitate rapid surface and volume gridding of complex geometries. Thus, engineering calculations of 10(exp 7) - 10(exp 8) finite-volume cells have become routine for some types of problems. Although the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) approach to modeling turbulence is still in extensive and wide use, increasingly large-eddy simulation (LES) and hybrid RANS-LES approaches are being applied to resolve the largest scales of turbulence in many engineering problems. However, it has also become evident that LES places different requirements on the numerical approaches for both the spatial and temporal discretization of the Navier Stokes equations than does RANS. In particular, LES requires high time accuracy and minimal intrinsic numerical dispersion and dissipation over a wide spectral range. In this paper, the performance of both central-difference and upwind-biased spatial discretizations is examined for a one-dimensional acoustic standing wave problem, the Taylor-Green vortex problem, and the turbulent channel ow problem.

Morris, Christopher I.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Discovery of Dielectric Response and Forces in Sub-Nanoscale Objects (Final Technical Report)

This is the final technical report for DOE Award DE-SC0005132 entitled “Discovery of Dielectric Response and Forces in Sub-Nanoscale Objects.” This award originated on August 15, 2010 with Principle Investigator Prof. Phil Batson of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Prof. Batson transitioned to Professor Emeritus status on January 31, 2023. At that time PI status was transferred to Prof. Robert Bartynski of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Director of the Rutgers Laboratory for Surface Modification. The central theme of the research performed under this award is develop and refine a NION aberration-corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope to attain atomic spatial resolution and sub 10meV energy resolution in electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) performed on the transmitted electron beam. These capabilities allow examination of the excitation properties (primarily plasmonic and vibrational [ie., phonons] of nanoscale objects when excited with a highly-localized (~ Angstrom-scale) high energy (~ 60 keV) electron beam. Direct excitations (i.e., the response to electrons impinging directly on the sample) as well as excitations in response to the dynamic electric (and magnetic!) fields of an aloof electron beam (i.e., a beam that is close to but displaced from the target) have been studied. Our experimental work has benefited greatly from close collaborations with theoretical colleagues, but at Rutgers and from around the world, providing a much more complete understanding of the observed phenomena and suggesting avenues for further study and practical applications. This report summarizes the technical and scientific achievements accomplished during the entire award period. More extensive details are available in the Progress Reports that have already been filed with the Department of Energy. The report is divided into six sections. The first four sections focus on exploring, developing and understanding several unique capabilities and phenomena discovered and accessible owing to the high spatial- and energy-resolution we have been able to achieve. The latter two sections focus on applications of the STEM’s novel capabilities to study atomic- and nanometer-scale properties of solids, as well as broader applications to advanced and bio-materials.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1989

Shape control of high degree-of-freedom variable geometry trusses

Common static trusses are constrained to permit no relative motion between truss elements. A Variable Geometry Truss (VGT), however, is a truss which contains some number of variable length links. The extensible links allow the truss to change shape in a precise, controllable manner. These changes can also be used to control the vibrational response of a truss structure or to perform robotic tasks. Many geometric configurations, both planar and spatial, are possible candidates for VGT manipulators. Here, only two geometries are discussed; the three degree-of-freedom (DOF) spatial octahedral/octahedral truss and the three DOF planar tetrahedral truss. These truss geometries are used as the fundamental element in a repeating chain of trusses. This results in a highly dexterous manipulator with perhaps 30 to 60 degrees of freedom that retains the favorable stiffness properties of a conventional truss. From a fixed base, this type of manipulator could perform shape or vibration control while extending and snaking through complex passageways or moving around obstacles to perform robotic tasks. The approach taken here is to first concentrate on fully understanding the forward and inverse kinematics of the fundamental elements and then utilizing the insight thus gained to solve the more complex problem of the kinematic chains.

Salerno, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS2015

Risk of Impaired Control of Spacecraft/Associated Systems and Decreased Mobility Due to Vestibular/Sensorimotor Alterations Associated with Space flight

Control of vehicles and other complex systems is a high-level integrative function of the central nervous system (CNS). It requires well-functioning subsystem performance, including good visual acuity, eye-hand coordination, spatial and geographic orientation perception, and cognitive function. Evidence from space flight research demonstrates that the function of each of these subsystems is altered by removing gravity, a fundamental orientation reference, which is sensed by vestibular, proprioceptive, and haptic receptors and used by the CNS for spatial orientation, posture, navigation, and coordination of movements. The available evidence also shows that the degree of alteration of each subsystem depends on a number of crew- and mission-related factors. There is only limited operational evidence that these alterations cause functional impacts on mission-critical vehicle (or complex system) control capabilities. Furthermore, while much of the operational performance data collected during space flight has not been available for independent analysis, those that have been reviewed are somewhat equivocal owing to uncontrolled (and/or unmeasured) environmental and/or engineering factors. Whether this can be improved by further analysis of previously inaccessible operational data or by development of new operational research protocols remains to be seen. The true operational risks will be estimable only after we have filled the knowledge gaps and when we can accurately assess integrated performance in off-nominal operational settings (Paloski et al. 2008). Thus, our current understanding of the Risk of Impaired Control of Spacecraft/Associated Systems and Decreased Mobility Due to Vestibular/Sensorimotor Alterations Associated with Space flight is limited primarily to extrapolation of scientific research findings, and, since there are limited ground-based analogs of the sensorimotor and vestibular changes associated with space flight, observation of their functional impacts is limited to studies performed in the space flight environment. Fortunately, many sensorimotor and vestibular experiments have been performed during and/or after space flight missions since 1959 (Reschke et al. 2007). While not all of these experiments were directly relevant to the question of vehicle/complex system control, most provide insight into changes in aspects of sensorimotor control that might bear on the physiological subsystems underlying this high-level integrated function.

Bloomberg, Jacob J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Thematic Mapper Data Quality and Performance Assessment in Renewable Resources/agriculture Remote Sensing

It is believed that the increased spatial resolution will provide solutions to proportion estimation error due to mixed pixels, and the increased spectral resolution will provide for the identification of important agricultural features such as crop stage, and condition. The results of analyses conducted relative to these hypothesis from sample segments extracted from the 4-band Detroit scene and the 7-band Mississippi County, Arkansas engineering test scene are described. Several studies were conducted to evaluate the geometric and radiometric performance of the TM to determine data viability for the more pertinent investigations of TM utility. In most cases this requirement was more than sufficiently satisfied. This allowed the opportunity to take advantage of detailed ground observations for several of the sample segments to assess class separability and detection of other important features with TM. The results presented regarding these TM characteristics show that not only is the increased definition of the within scene variance captured by the increased spatial and spectral resolution, but that the mid-IR bands (5 and 7) are necessary for optimum crop type classification. Both qualitative and quantitative results are presented that describe the improvements gained with the TM both relative to the MSS and on its own merit.

Bizzell, R. M.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Prelaunch Characterization and Performance of JPSS-3 VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands

The Joint Polar Satellite System 3 (JPSS-3) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument is the fourth in a series (S-NPP VIIRS launched in October 2011, JPSS-1 VIIRS launched in November 2017, and JPSS-2 VIIRS currently undergoing spacecraft integration) of highly advanced polar-orbiting environmental satellites. JPSS-3 VIIRS underwent a comprehensive sensor-level Thermal Vacuum (TV) testing at the Raytheon Technologies El Segundo facility in the fall of 2020. While the test program provided characterization for many spatial, spectral, and radiometric aspects of the VIIRS sensor performance, this paper focuses on the radiometric performance of the 14 reflective solar bands (RSB) that cover the wavelength range from 0.41 to 2.3 μm. Key calibration parameters, such as the instrument gain, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), dynamic range and radiometric uniformity, were derived in a TV environment for both the primary and redundant electronics at three instrument temperature plateaus: cold, nominal, and hot. This paper shows that all the JPSS-3 VIIRS RSB detectors have been well characterized, with the key performance metrics being comparable to those of the previous VIIRS instruments. Comparison of radiometric performance to sensor requirements, as well as a summary of key sensor testing and performance issues, will also be presented.

JPSS-3↗