A chronology of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center from 1 January - 31 December 1967
Chronology of 1967 activities at George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
Jarrell, A. R.↗
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Lunar chronology and evolution from Rb-Sr studies of Apollo 11 and 12 samples
Lunar chronology and evolution from Rb and Sr internal isochrons on Apollo 11 and 12 crystalline rock samples
Papanastassiou, D. A.↗
Mechanical erasure of particle tracks - A tool for lunar microstratigraphic chronology.
Mechanical erasure of particle tracks caused by impact deformation is shown to be a common feature of lunar soil grains. Etching of lunar pyroxenes reveals deformation markings that are evidence of prior impact events. The soil microstratigraphic chronology can be derived if it is assumed that the minimum track density in a thin soil layer is commonly found in grains where such erasure was caused by the impact that deposited the soil. With Apollo 12 core samples as examples, the minimum track density found in each layer is used to calculate the longest exposure that layer could have received since it was last disturbed. By summing the upper limits on the exposure times of the different layers, a lower limit on the average deposition rate was estimated to be 0.35 cm/m.y.
Fleischer, R. L.↗
The Apollo spacecraft: A chronology. Volume 2: 8 November 1962 - 30 September 1964
A chronology of the Apollo spacecraft development and production program is presented. The subjects discussed are: (1) defining contractural relations, (2) developing hardware distinctions, and (3) developing software ground rules. Illustrations, drawings, and photographs are used extensively to supplement the technical writing. Descriptions of life support systems, communication equipment, propulsion systems, control devices, and spacecraft components are provided.
Morse, M. L.↗
Astronautics and aeronautics, 1971: Chronology on science, technology, and policy
A comprehensive chronological reference of world wide aerospace events is presented. Policy statements, comments on the impact of technology, social concern, and biographical notes are included.
Source record↗
Astronautics and aeronautics, 1973: Chronology of science, technology and policy
A brief chronological account is presented of key events of the year in aerospace sciences. Dates, actions, hardware, persons, scientific discoveries are recorded along with plans, decisions, achievements and preliminary evaluations of results. Samples of public reaction and social impact are included. Sources are identified and an index is provided to aid in tracing related events through the year. The index also serves as a glossary of acronyms and abbreviations.
Source record↗
Outline of a lunar chronology
An outline is presented of lunar chronology and evolution based on analyses of the isotopic parent-daughter systems Rb-87-Sr-87, U-Th-Pb-206-Pb-207-Pb-208, and K-40-Ar-40. The samples which were investigated represent mare basalts (returned by Apollo 11, 12, 15, and 17 and by Luna 16) and terra rocks which include non-mare basalts, anorthosites, troctolites, and norites, but are predominantly comprised of complex breccias (returned by Apollo 12, 14, 16, and 17 and Luna 20)
Wasserburg, G. J.↗
Chronology of the early lunar crust
The Rb-Sr systematics of lunar 'anorthositic' rocks was studied in an effort to understand the evolution of the lunar crust. The contamination by KREEP of the anorthositic crust is corrected using chemical mixing models; cumulate geochemical models are used to establish the chronology of the early lunar crust; a method is presented to derive an estimate of the Rb/Sr ratio of the moon. A mathematical model for the Rb-Sr evolution of the lunar crust that includes mare basalt genesis is presented.
Schonfeld, E.↗
Lunar Rb-Sr chronology
It has been established with the aid of Rb-Sr studies that lunar chronology consists of five episodes, including the formation of the moon approximately 4.6 AE ago (1 AE = 1000 million years), a period of intense bombardment by planetary debris resulting in the formation of the major lunar basins, the end of this period at 3.9-4.0 AE ago, a period of mare flooding extending from 3.9 to 3.2 AE ago, and a relatively quiescent period from 3.2 AE ago to the present. In addition, Rb-Sr-studies have provided valuable constraints on the geochemical evolution of the moon through the determination of the initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios which limit the Rb/Sr ratios of the source materials for lunar rocks. Attention is given to the characteristics of the Rb-Sr method, the analytical techniques, the ages of lunar mare basalts, the non-mare rocks, the studies conducted in connection with the various Apollo missions, the lunar cataclysm, lunar soils, and aspects of crustal contamination.
Nyquist, L. E.↗
The Apollo spacecraft: A chronology volume 4, 21 January 1966 - 13 July 1974
This final volume of the chronology is divided into three parts: (1) preparation for flight, the accident, and investigation; (2) recovery, spacecraft redefinition, and the first manned flight; and (3) man circles the moon, the Eagle lands, and manned space exploration. Congressional documents, official correspondence, government and contractor reports, memoranda, working papers, and minutes of meetings were used as primary sources. A relatively few entries are based on press releases and newspaper and magazine articles.
Ertel, I. D.↗
The chronology of the martian volcanoes
The volcanoes of Mars have been divided into three groups based on morphology: basaltic shields, domes and composite cones, and highland patera. A fourth group can be added to include the volcano-tectonic depressions. Using crater counts and the absolute chronology of Soderblom, an attempt is made to estimate the history of the volcanoes. Early in the martian history, about 2.5 b.y. ago, all three styles of volcanoes were active at various locations on the surface. At approximately 1.7-1.8 b.y. ago a transition occurred in the style and loci of volcanic construction. Volcanoes of younger age appear to be only of the basaltic shield group and are restricted to the Tharsis region. This same transition was noted by a change in the style of the basaltic shield group. Older shields were small low features, while the younger shields are significantly broader and taller.
Plescia, J. B.↗
Chronology of KSC and KSC related events for 1980
A chronological listing of the activities of Kennedy Space Center and related events during 1980 is presented. International launch activities are included to a lesser extent.
Nail, K., Jr.↗
Chronology and petrogenesis of young achondrites, Shergotty, Zagami, and ALHA77005 - Late magmatism on a geologically active planet
Three achondrites were examined for chronology, petrogenesis, and relationships among the shergotites. Isotopic and trace elements analyses were carried out through neutron activation and mass spectrometry on Shergotty, Zagami, and ALHA77005 samples. Attention was given the Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, and the Ar-39/Ar-40 ages in the samples. Evidence was detected for a shock metamorphism and a younger age of the meteorites than with most other achondrites. Depletions of the rare-earth elements were observed in Shergotty and Zagami, and to a more pronounced degree in ALHA77005. The Rb-Sr internal isochrons for all three meteorites were about 180 Myr, while the Ar-39/Ar-40 plateau ages of Shergotty and Zagami maskelynite were determined at 250-260 Myr. No precise identification of the crystallization ages was found. It is suggested that the achondrites originated in a parent body which experienced at least two epochs of sustained melting.
Shih, C.-Y.↗
Importance of the Lu-Hf isotopic system in studies of planetary chronology and chemical evolution
The Lu-176-Hf-176 isotope method and its applications in earth sciences are discussed with regard to planetary-evolution studies. From new data on basalts from oceanic islands, Hf-176/Hf-177 and Nd-143/Nd-144 are found to display a single linear isotopic variation in the suboceanic mantle, whereas considerable divergences occur in Hf-176/Hf-177-Sr-87/Sr-86 and Nd-143/Nd-144-Sr87/Sr-86 diagrams. With the acquisition of further Hf-Sr-Nd isotopic data, these discordant Sr-87/Sr-86 relationships may allow a distinction between processes such as mantle metasomatism, influence of sea-water altered material in the magma source, or recycling of sediments into the mantle. The best quality Hf isotope data are obtained from granitoid or zircons, and are most suitable for studying ancient terrestrial Hf isotopic variations. Lu-Hf is shown to be a viable method for dating ancient terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples, but is unlikely to find wide application in pure chronological studies because it offers little advantage over existing methods.
Patchett, P. J.↗
Chronology of KSC and KSC related events, 1982
The history of activities at the Kennedy Space Center in 1982 is presented as reflected in NASA News Releases and selected periodicals. Items are arranged in chronological order by date of the published sources. Actual data date of the event may be indicated in parenthesis when the article itself does not make that information explicit. Highlights of the year's activities include three launchings of the orbiter Columbia; successful launches of communications satellites using expendable vehicles; major changes in contracting; and the selection of a base operations contractor.
Nail, K., Jr.↗
Astronautics and aeronautics, 1976. A chronology
A chronology of events concerning astronautics and aeronautics for the year 1976 is presented. Some of the many and varied topics include the aerospace industry, planetary exploration, space transportation system, defense department programs, politics, and aerospace medicine. The entries are organized by the month and presented in a news release format.
Ritchie, E. H.↗
Chronology of KSC and KSC related events for 1983
Materials for this chronology were selected from Aviation Week and Space Technology, Defense Daily, Miami Herald, Sentinel Star (Orlando), Today (Cocoa), Spaceport News (KSC), NASA News Releases, and other sources. The document is intended to serve as a record of KSC events and as a reference source for historians and other researchers. Arrangement is by month; items are by date of the published sources. Actual date of the event may be indicated in parenthesis, when the article itself does not make that information explicit.
Nail, K., Jr.↗