Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “CdS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Fermilab PIP-II CDS & CM Cryogenic Controls System

Details on Final design for Cryogenic Electrical & Controls System for Fermilab' s next-gen particle accelerator PIP-II. Electrical Controls System includes instrumentation and controls of Cryogenics Distribution System and Cryomodules. Design includes Siemens PCS7 Controls System with 26 Remote IO Rittal Cabinets and 48 Relay Racks for Temperature Readouts, Valve Positioners, Level, Heater Controls etc. Electrical Drawings and Design have been completed with focus now on fabrication of the 26 Rittal Cabinets and 48 Relay Racks. All materials have been procured. EPICS will be used as a SCADA system communicating to S7 Controllers via OPC UA.

Patel, Pratik [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2022

Pichia sp. yHMH446 translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, partial cds

A novel budding yeast species was isolated from a soil sample collected in the United States of America. Phylogenetic analyses of multiple loci and phylogenomic analyses conclusively placed the species within the genus Pichia. Strain yHMH446 falls within a clade that includes Pichia norvegensis, Pichia pseudocactophila, Candida inconspicua, and Pichia cactophila. Whole genome sequence data were analyzed for the presence of genes known to be important for carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and the phenotypic data from the novel species were compared to all Pichia species with publicly available genomes. Across the genus, including the novel species candidate, we found that the inability to use many carbon and nitrogen sources correlated with the absence of metabolic genes. Based on these results, Pichia galeolata sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate yHMH446(T) (=NRRL Y-64187 = CBS 16864). This study shows how integrated taxogenomic analysis can add mechanistic insight to species descriptions.

genome sequence↗
DOE OSTI2025

Fermilab PIP-II CDS and CM Cryogenic Controls System

Details on Final design for Cryogenic Electrical & Controls System for Fermilab' s next-gen particle accelerator PIP-II. Electrical Controls System includes instrumentation and controls of Cryogenics Distribution System and Cryomodules. Design includes Siemens PCS7 Controls System with 26 Remote IO Rittal Cabinets and 48 Relay Racks for Temperature Readouts, Valve Positioners, Level, Heater Controls etc. Electrical Drawings and Design have been completed with focus now on fabrication of the 26 Rittal Cabinets and 48 Relay Racks. All materials have been procured. EPICS will be used as a SCADA system communicating to S7 Controllers via OPC UA.

Patel, Pratik [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2022

Preparation, Properties, and Application of Lignocellulosic-Based Fluorescent Carbon Dots

We report that carbon dots (CDs) are a relatively new type of fluorescent carbon material with excellent performance and widespread application. As the most readily available and widely distributed biomass resource, lignocellulosics are a renewable bioresource with great potential. Research into the preparation of CDs with lignocellulose (LC-CDs) has become the focus of numerous researchers. Compared with other carbon sources, lignocellulose is low cost, rich in structural variety, exhibits excellent biocompatibility, and the structures of CDs prepared by lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose are similar. This Review summarized research progress in the preparation of CDs from lignocellulosics in recent years and reviewed traditional and new preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, optical properties, and applications of LC-CDs, providing guidance for the formation and improvement of LC-CDs. In addition, the challenges of synthesizing LC-CDs were also highlighted, including the interaction of different lignocellulose components on the formation of LC-CDs and the nucleation and growth mechanism of LC-CDs; from this, current trends and opportunities of LC-CDs were examined, and some research methods for future research were put forward.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Regulation of Electron Cloud Density by Electronic Effects of Substituents to Optimize Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution of Carbon Dots

Carbon dots (CDs) have a wide light absorption range, which are promising candidates for photocatalytic water splitting H 2 evolution, but they show low activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to the slow transfer efficiencies of photogenerated carriers. The electron cloud density of photocatalyst is essential for the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. In this study, the effect mechanism of electron cloud density regulated by the substituents with different electronic effects on the photocatalytic HER of glucose-based CDs is clarified. CDs-SO 3 H and CDs-OH are first obtained by introducing electron-drawing group (–SO 3 H) and electron-donating group (–OH) using a tailoring post-processing strategy. Experimental results show that the H 2 yield catalyzed by CDs-SO 3 H is 89.95 µmol•g –1 in 4 h, which is about four times that of CDs, and 7.4 times that of CDs-OH. The –SO 3 H induces a much negative energy band and high electron cloud density on CDs edges, promoting the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers; while the CDs-OH exhibits a high positive charge density and an upward energy band, hindering the surface complexation of electron-hole pairs and HER. Furthermore, this study will provide an insight into the design of CDs catalysts with efficient photocatalytic HER at a molecular level.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Sonochemical synthesis of carbon dots, mechanism, effect of parameters, and catalytic, energy, biomedical and tissue engineering applications

Carbon-based nanomaterials are gaining more and more interest because of their wide range of applications. In this study, carbon dots (CDs) have shown exclusive interest due to unique and novel physicochemical, optical, electrical, and biological properties. Since their discovery, CDs became a promising material for wide range of research applications from energy to biomedical and tissue engineering applications. At same time several new methods have been developed for the synthesis of CDs. Compared to many of these methods, the sonochemical preparation is a green method with advantages such as facile, mild experimental conditions, green energy sources, and feasibility to formulate CDs and doped CDs with controlled physicochemical properties and lower toxicity. In the last five years, the sonochemically synthesized CDs were extensively studied in a wide range of applications. In this review, we discussed the sonochemical assisted synthesis of CDs, doped CDs and their nanocomposites. In addition to the synthetic route, we will discuss the effect of various experimental parameters on the physicochemical properties of CDs; and their applications in different research areas such as bioimaging, drug delivery, catalysis, antibacterial, polymerization, neural tissue engineering, dye absorption, ointments, electronic devices, lithium ion batteries, and supercapacitors. This review concludes with further research directions to be explored for the applications of sonochemical synthesized CDs.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Simulation of double buffer layer on CIGS solar cell with SCAPS software

In a CIGS thin film solar cell, the buffer layer is interposed between the absorber layer and the window layer, which plays an important role in interface electricity. CdS is often used as a buffer layer in CIGS cells. Beside the toxicity of Cd, the main drawback of CdS is its relatively narrow band gap (2.4 eV), which can lead to the current loss due to parasitic absorption. In order to reduce the use of CdS, we try other buffer layers instead of CdS and optimize buffer layer structure. Numerical simulation has been used to explore the effect of different buffer layer materials (CdS and ZnSe) on the performance of CuInGaSe{sub 2} solar cells with SCAPS-1D software. The main photovoltaic parameters of the analog device: open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, fill factor and conversion efficiency (η) were compared and analyzed. The results show that different buffer materials and thickness have great influence on the performance of the cell. In this simulation, CdS buffer layer was replaced by ZnSe material, which has a wider band gap. However, the efficiency of this kind of cell is lower than that of CIGS device with CdS buffer layer because of the bad energy band alignment. In order to improve the short-wave absorption and the efficiency of CIGS cell, we simulated a novel CdS/ZnSe double buffer layer structure. The efficiency of the optimized cell with double buffer layer increases from 18.47% (conventional cell with the same CdS buffer layer thickness) to 19.01%.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Biomass-derived carbon dots as emerging visual platforms for fluorescent sensing

Biomass-derived carbon dots (CDs) are non-toxic and fluorescently stable, making them suitable for extensive application in fluorescence sensing. The use of cheap and renewable materials not only improves the utilization rate of waste resources, but it is also drawing increasing attention to and interest in the production of biomass-derived CDs. Visual fluorescence detection based on CDs is the focus of current research. This method offers high sensitivity and accuracy and can be used for rapid and accurate determination under complex conditions. Here, this paper describes the biomass precursors of CDs, including plants, animal remains and microorganisms. The factors affecting the use of CDs as fluorescent probes are also discussed, and a brief overview of enhancements made to the preparation process of CDs is provided. In addition, the application prospects and challenges related to biomass-derived CDs are demonstrated.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Striking luminescence phenomena of carbon dots and their applications as a double ratiometric fluorescence probes for H2S detection

Here, we report some new observations on the luminescence of carbon dots (CDs) that are passivated with polyethylene glycol, and explored them, for the first time, as highly sensitive H2S detection probe. The as-prepared CDs have an ultraviolet (UV) emission at 350 nm and a green emission at 540 nm when excited at 270 nm, but they have only a green emission at 523 nm when excited at 365 nm. As Na2S is added to the CDs, the UV emission decreases gradually, while the green emission increases slightly, and interestingly a new emission appears at 455 nm is increased linearly in intensity with the increase of Na2S concentration. The blue emission at 455 nm is from the intrinsic core of CDs, and the green emissions at 540 or 523 nm are from their surface states, while the UV emission at 350 nm is from the anchored PEG. Both the emission intensity ratios of F-450/F-350 and F-455/F-523 show an excellent linear relationship with the Na2S concentration in the range of 0-800 mu M, and the detection limit estimated from both of them is approximately 7.0 nM, indicating our method is the most sensitive H2S CDs based detection method reported thus far. Furthermore, the detection was tested successfully for H2S imaging in live cells. We propose that the interactions of H2S with the CDs and the anchored ligands, as well as the energy transfer between the ligands and the CDs, are responsible for the luminescence responses for H2S detection. Our studies enrich the world of carbon dots with plenty of potential applications. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bioimaging↗
DOE OSTI2026

Mechanistic Insights into Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonia in Light-Controlled Nanocrystal:Nitrogenase Complexes

Developing systems that can efficiently capture photon energy and convert this energy into fuels and chemicals requires understanding how to assemble molecular components with diverse functions into complete systems possessing selectivity and efficiency in directing charge carriers to catalytic reactions. There are many challenges to achieving this goal. One promising approach is the development of hybrid systems that combine semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) for light capture and enzymes as efficient catalysts. Such biohybrid systems capitalize on the tunable electronic and optical properties of NCs while leveraging the unmatched specificity and efficiency of enzymes in catalyzing chemical reactions, thereby offering opportunities to surpass the limitations of each component alone. Here, we focus on recent progress in developing a biohybrid system that combines CdS NCs for photon capture with the enzyme nitrogenase to accomplish light-driven dinitrogen (N 2 ) reduction to ammonia (NH 3 ). Integrating light-harvesting materials with biological catalysts requires a deep understanding of NC properties, protein stability, and electron transfer (ET), making it an inherently multidisciplinary problem. The reduction of N 2 to NH 3 is a challenging reaction, with a high demand in both agriculture and industrial chemical production. This reaction is intrinsically energy intensive, due to the need to activate the N≡N triple bond. The current standard industrial approach to N 2 reduction, the Haber−Bosch reaction, obtains the necessary energy input from fossil fuels, whereas biological systems capable of N 2 reduction utilize the hydrolysis of ATP as their energy source. Replacing these costly, energy-intensive inputs with renewable light energy represents a critical step toward sustainable NH 3 production. Recent progress has demonstrated that semiconductor CdS NCs can be coupled to the catalytic component of nitrogenase, the MoFe protein, to form a biohybrid CdS NC:MoFe protein complex, enabling light-driven N 2 reduction rather than energy input from fossil fuels or ATP. This illustrates how inorganic NCs can functionally replace the natural Fe protein partner, yielding a biohybrid catalyst that enables controlled electron delivery and provides not only light-driven NH 3 production but also new approaches for probing enzyme catalytic function. The CdS NC:MoFe protein biohybrid system enables light-initiated electron delivery at ambient temperature, as well as temperatures below freezing, allowing for stabilization and spectroscopic characterization of key reaction intermediates. These findings highlight how photochemical biohybrids can serve as both functional catalysts and mechanistic probes. Beyond studies of the nitrogenase mechanism, studies of the CdS NC:MoFe system reveal how variables such as NC size, electrostatic binding interactions, and sacrificial electron donors (SEDs) govern complex stability, charge transfer efficiency, and catalytic performance. In addition, studies of nitrogenase and the high activation barrier for N 2 reduction are enabling investigations of new and interesting questions regarding the properties and limitations of NC biocatalysis. In this Account, we describe the key features of CdS NC:MoFe protein biohybrids and the parameters for optimal light-driven N 2 reduction, and how controlling ET with light illuminates the path to new insights into the nitrogenase mechanism.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Cyanine-Incorporated Amorphous Polymeric Carbon Dots for Optical Reactive Oxygen Species Sensing

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are common cellular oxidants that when overproduced by cellular stressors cause harm to cells. Detection of ROS is of utmost importance to understanding a wide variety of cellular function and toxicity mechanisms. Conventional ROS fluorescence assays involve using a single dye to visualize the ROS quantity. Herein, we describe ROS-sensitive, fluorescent-dye-incorporated carbon dots with dual fluorescence capabilities and good biocompatibility. Carbon dots (CDs) made of citric acid and urea were synthesized with incorporated cyanine-3-amine (Cy3), a bright red fluorescent dye, to create Cy3-CDs. Additionally, to get Cy3 into the ROS-sensitive form, this work demonstrated that Cy3 alone and Cy3 within carbon dots can be electrochemically reduced to their colorless ROS-sensitive form. Cy3, CDs, and Cy3-CDs are all responsive to additions of superoxide, leading to an increase in the fluorescence. Overall, this work examines how O 2 •– and additional oxidizers interact with CDs, Cy3, and Cy3-CDs, and molecular-level hypotheses are explored that will inform the design of future carbon dot-based ROS sensors.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Multicolor polymeric carbon dots: synthesis, separation and polyamide-supported molecular fluorescence

Multicolor carbon dots (CDs) have been developed recently and demonstrate great potential in bio-imaging, sensing, and LEDs. However, the fluorescence mechanism of their tunable colors is still under debate, and efficient separation methods are still challenging. Herein, we synthesized multicolor polymeric CDs through solvothermal treatment of citric acid and urea in formamide. Automated reversed-phase column separation was used to achieve fractions with distinct colors, including blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange and red. This work explores the physicochemical properties and fluorescence origins of the red, green, and blue fractions in depth with combined experimental and computational methods. Three dominant fluorescence mechanism hypotheses were evaluated by comparing time-dependent density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculation results to measured characteristics. We find that blue fluorescence likely comes from embedded small molecules trapped in carbonaceous cages, while pyrene analogs are the most likely origin for emission at other wavelengths, especially in the red. Also important, upon interaction with live cells, different CD color fractions are trafficked to different sub-cellular locations. Super-resolution imaging shows that the blue CDs were found in a variety of organelles, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, while the red CDs were primarily localized in lysosomes. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the photoluminescence mechanism of multicolor CDs and help to guide future design and applications of these promising nanomaterials.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Tuning the Dimensionality of Excitons in Colloidal Quantum Dot Molecules

Electrically coupled quantum dots (QDs) can support unique optoelectronic properties arising from the superposition of single-particle excited states. Experimental methods for integrating colloidal QDs within the same nano-object, however, have remained elusive to the rational design. Here, we demonstrate a chemical strategy that allows for the assembling of colloidal QDs into coupled composites, where proximal interactions give rise to unique optoelectronic behavior. The assembly method employing “adhesive” surfactants was used to fabricate both homogeneous (e.g., CdS–CdS, PbS–PbS, CdSe–CdSe) and heterogeneous (e.g., PbS–CdS, CdS–CdSe) nanoparticle assemblies, exhibiting quasi-one-dimensional exciton fine structure. In addition, tunable mixing of single-particle exciton states was achieved for dimer-like assemblies of CdSe/CdS core–shell nanocrystals. The nanoparticle assembly mechanism was explained within the viscoelastic interaction theory adapted for molten-surface colloids. Furthermore, we expect that the present work will provide the synthetic and theoretical foundation needed for building assemblies of many inorganic nanocrystals.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Water-Assisted Lift-Off Process for Flexible CdTe Solar Cells

In recent years, various lift-off methods have been developed to fabricate lightweight and flexible cadmium telluride (CdTe)-based solar cells. In this work, we report flexible cadmium sulfide (CdS)/CdTe solar cells using a water-assisted lift-off approach. Here we demonstrate that an additional cadmium chloride treatment for the CdS film is critical to improve the grain size of CdS and the post-deposited CdTe film and the electron conductivity of the CdS film. As a result, the quality of the CdS/CdTe front junction is significantly improved with reduced nonradiative recombination. Finally, our lightweight and flexible polycrystalline CdTe solar cells demonstrate a champion power conversion efficiency of 12.6%.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Photoelectron spectroscopy and computational investigations of the electronic structures and noncovalent interactions of cyclodextrin-closo-dodecaborate anion complexes x-CD·B12X122- (x = a, ß, y; X = H, F)

We report a joint negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) and computational study on the electronic structures and noncovalent interactions of a series of cyclodextrin-closo-dodecaborate dianion complexes, ?-CD·B12X122- (? = a, ß, ?; X = H, F). The measured vertical / adiabatic detachment energies (VDEs / ADEs) are 1.15/0.93, 3.55/3.20, 3.90/3.60, and 3.85/3.60 eV for B12H122- and its a-, ß-, ?-CD complexes, respectively; while the corresponding values are 1.90/1.70, 4.00/3.60, 4.33/3.95, and 4.30/3.85 eV for the X = F case. These results show that the inclusion of B12X122- into the CD cavities greatly increase the electronic stability of the dianions. The effect of electronic stabilization for ß-CD is roughly the same as for ?-CD, both being considerably stronger than that for a-CD. Density functional theory (DFT) based geometry optimization reveals that B12X122- are inserted into CDs increasingly deeper from a-CD to ?-CD. The calculated VDEs and ADEs agree with the experiments well, particularly, reproducing the electron binding energy (EBE) trends. The molecular orbital analyses indicate that the most loosely bound photodetached electrons origin from the guest B12X122- moieties. In addition to a shift of all signals to larger EBE, significant changes in the signal patterns are observed. At low EBE, this is due to the splitting of highly degenerate B12X122- orbitals, while at high EBE, photodetachment from CD oxygens contributes to the new bands. The guest B12X122- and host CD nocovalent, size-specific interaction based on the independent gradient model (IGM) and energy decomposition analysis (EDA), is dominated by electrostatic interactions. The analysis further unravels unambiguiously the existence of dihydrogen bonding and how it affects the total energy that stabilizes the host-guest complexes of CDs·B12H122- compared to the general hydrogen bonding interaction in CDs·B12F122-. This work clearly exhibits strong influences on the electronic structures of dodecaborates upon clustering with CDs, with both size (a-, ß-, ?-) and molecular (X = H or F) specificities, thus providing critical molecular-level information on the cyclodextrin-closo-dodecaborate interactions of interest to medical applications, e.g. Boron neutron capature therapy. The NIPES experiments done at PNNL were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Bioscience (X.-B.W.) and was performed at the EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. H.S. and Z.S. acknowledge the funding support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11727810, 61720106009 and 21603074), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Nos. 19JC1412200), and the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities 111 project (B12024). Z. L. thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for financial support. We acknowledge the ECNU Multifunctional Platform for Innovation (001) and HPC Research Computing Team for providing computational and storage resources. J.W. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt foundation (Feodor Lynen Fellowship and Rückkehrerstipendium), a Freigeist fellowship of the Volkswagenfoundation and Prof. Vladimir A. Azov for helpful discussions.

Li, Zhipeng↗
DOE OSTI2021

Gaseous cyclodextrin- closo -dodecaborate complexes χCD·B 12 X 12 2– (χ = α, β, and γ; X = F, Cl, Br, and I): electronic structures and intramolecular interactions

A fundamental understanding of cyclodextrin- closo -dodecaborate inclusion complexes is of great interest in supramolecular chemistry. Herein, we report a systematic investigation on the electronic structures and intramolecular interactions of perhalogenated closo -dodecaborate dianions B 12 X 12 2– (X = F, Cl, Br and I) binding to α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) in the gas phase using combined negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The vertical detachment energy (VDE) of each complex and electronic stabilization of each dianion due to the CD binding (ΔVDE, relative to the corresponding isolated B 12 X 12 2– ) are determined from the experiments along α-, β- and γ-CD in the form of VDE (ΔVDE): 4.00 (2.10), 4.33 (2.43), and 4.30 (2.40) eV in X = F; 4.09 (1.14), 4.64 (1.69), and 4.69 (1.74) eV in X = Cl; 4.11 (0.91), 4.58 (1.38), and 4.70 (1.50) eV in X = Br; and 3.54 (0.74), 3.88 (1.08), and 4.05 (1.25) eV in X = I, respectively. All complexes have significantly higher VDEs than the corresponding isolated dodecaborate dianions with ΔVDE spanning from 0.74 eV at (α, I) to 2.43 eV at (β, F), sensitive to both host CD size and guest substituent X. DFT-optimized complex structures indicate that all B 12 X 12 2– prefer binding to the wide openings of CDs with the insertion depth and binding motif strongly dependent on the CD size and halogen X. Dodecaborate anions with heavy halogens, i.e. , X = Cl, Br, and I, are found outside of α-CD, while B 12 F 12 2– is completely wrapped by γ-CD. Partial embedment of B 12 X 12 2– into CDs is observed for the other complexes via multipronged B–X … H–O/C interlocking patterns. The simulated spectra based on the density of states agree well with those of the experiments and the calculated VDEs well reproduce the experimental trends. Molecular orbital analyses suggest that the spectral features at low binding energies originated from electrons detached from the dodecaborate dianion, while those at higher binding energies are derived from electron detachment from CDs. Energy decomposition analyses reveal that the electrostatic interaction plays a dominating role in contributing to the host–guest interactions for the X = F series partially due to the formation of a O/C–H … X–B hydrogen bonding network, and the dispersion forces gradually become important with the increase of halogen size.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

LCLS-II helium cryoplant and cryo distribution system installation

The helium cryoplant and cryo distribution system (CDS) are key elements of the new superconducting Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS-II) and will provide superfluid helium to the accelerator. The cryoplant consists of two helium refrigerators with an equivalent 4.5 K refrigeration capacity of 18 kW each. The 37 cryomodules of the LINAC will be operated at a temperature of 2.0 K to accelerate a 4 GeV electron beam that will generate extremely bright X-ray laser light. Two five-stage cold compressor cold boxes will be utilized to provide superfluid helium II for the superconducting cavity structures with a total cooling capacity of 8 kW at 2.0 K. This paper describes the installation of the LCLS-II cryoplant and CDS. The LCLS-II cryoplant was designed and contributed by Jefferson Lab. To expedite the project completion the reuse of proven design and technology from the Jefferson Lab CHL-2 cryoplant was the preferred strategy. The CDS consists of ~260 m thermally shielded and vacuum super insulated transfer lines, two distribution boxes and eight feed and end caps, and was designed and contributed by Fermilab. SLAC installed the cryoplant components into a newly erected building and the CDS components into the existing accelerator tunnel and klystron gallery with strong engineering support from both partner labs.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗