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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

Parachute design for Galileo Jupiter entry probe

This paper discusses the parachute subsystem used on an atmospheric entry probe that will descend through the clouds of Jupiter. The entry probe is a part of the Galileo Project to be launched in 1985 aboard the Space Shuttle; the entry probe will encounter the planet in 1988. The parachute subsystem consists of a pilot parachute and a main parachute, and both are of conventional conical ribbon design. Key considerations in the design of the parachutes and a summary of the parachute subsystem test program, which includes two air drop tests and a systems drop test (balloon launched), are presented.

Rodier, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1983

The effect of asymmetric attack on trim angle of attack

Ballistic range tests were conducted to determine the effect of an asymmetrically ablated heat shield on the trim angle of attack of an entry vehicle. The tests, which were in support of Project Galileo, were conducted in atmospheric air at Mach numbers from 0.7 to 2.0. For the results for the configuration that was tested, the deduced trim angle varied between 13 deg and 21 deg.

Kruse, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Progress in 800 x 800 charge-coupled device /CCD/ imager development and applications

Performance parameters of the 800 x 800 three phase and virtual phase CCD imaging sensors for the planned Project Galileo and Space Telescope Wide Field/Planetary Camera are compared, and the significance of some of the parameters for device radiation performance is discussed. The problems encountered by the three phase device that resulted in its being considered not suitable for the Galileo mission are described, and the radiation hardening performed on the virtual phase device to permit it to cope with Jupiter's radiation belts is addressed. Major research tasks in the effort to advance the technology of large area virtual phase imagers are stated.

Norris, D. D.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Galileo Institute for Astronomy (IFA) charge-coupled device (CCD) system

A fully portable self-contained charge-coupled device system has been constructed for shared use with the Galileo Project Imaging Team. The detector currently incorporated in the system is a Texas Instruments 500 x 500 three-phase CCD that has been thinned to operate in the backside illuminated mode. The detector and camera mainframe electronics were provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The support electronics and control interfaces necessary to operate the mainframe were constructed. The data system, which is built around a DeAnza Visacom VC-5000 Image Processor with an imbedded LSI-11 minicomputer, was also integrated. The capability to do image processing in real-time at the telescope has proved to be extremely valuable. The overall system read noise has been measured at 25 electrons. Full-well capacity is 40,000 electrons. Some results from laboratory tests and initial observing runs at the Mauna Kea 2.2-m telescope are presented.

Hlivak, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

The Single Event Upset (SEU) response to 590 MeV protons

The presence of high-energy protons in cosmic rays, solar flares, and trapped radiation belts around Jupiter poses a threat to the Galileo project. Results of a test of 10 device types (including 1K RAM, 4-bit microP sequencer, 4-bit slice, 9-bit data register, 4-bit shift register, octal flip-flop, and 4-bit counter) exposed to 590 MeV protons at the Swiss Institute of Nuclear Research are presented to clarify the picture of SEU response to the high-energy proton environment of Jupiter. It is concluded that the data obtained should remove the concern that nuclear reaction products generated by protons external to the device can cause significant alteration in the device SEU response. The data also show only modest increases in SEU cross section as proton energies are increased up to the upper limits of energy for both the terrestrial and Jovian trapped proton belts.

Nichols, D. K.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Planning a probing voyage to Jupiter

Encompassing both an orbiter and an atmospheric probe, Project Galileo will study in detail the phenomena of the plant Jupiter together with those of its moons and its dynamic magnetospheric environment. The probe element will sample the temperature and pressure structure of the Jupiter atmosphere, analyzing the composition of its gases, locating the various cloud decks, measuring radiation balances, and searching for evidence of lightning strikes. Galileo is the first planetary exploration mission to be launched by means of the Space Shuttle. Virtually all Galileo subsystems are fully reprogrammable from the earth to allow mission alterations as new data are obtained. A major technical challenge, however, was posed by probe-to-orbiter communications through the dense Jovian atmosphere.

Draper, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Galilean satellite tour orbit determination assessment

Results are given which demonstrate the ability of the orbit determination system to satisfy accuracy requirements in support of the Galileo Project's planned tour of Jupiter's satellites. The results are derived through the application of mission operation strategies and assumptions. It is shown that the achievement of the requisite orbit determination accuracies is predicated on the availability of optical navigation data. It is further demonstrated that the unavailability of tour optical navigation data yields not only degraded orbit determination accuracies which fail to meet propellant budget and science instrument pointing requirements, but also produces, for the planned 200 km flyby of Europa, an approximate 0.02 risk of having the spacecraft collide with the satellite.

Moultrie, B.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Spacecraft dielectric material properties and spacecraft charging

The physics of spacecraft charging is reviewed, and criteria for selecting and testing semiinsulating polymers (SIPs) to avoid charging are discussed and illustrated. Chapters are devoted to the required properties of dielectric materials, the charging process, discharge-pulse phenomena, design for minimum pulse size, design to prevent pulses, conduction in polymers, evaluation of SIPs that might prevent spacecraft charging, and the general response of dielectrics to space radiation. SIPs characterized include polyimides, fluorocarbons, thermoplastic polyesters, poly(alkanes), vinyl polymers and acrylates, polymers containing phthalocyanine, polyacene quinones, coordination polymers containing metal ions, conjugated-backbone polymers, and 'metallic' conducting polymers. Tables summarizing the results of SIP radiation tests (such as those performed for the NASA Galileo Project) are included.

Frederickson, A. R.↗
NASA NTRS1990

An Ada Linear-Algebra Software Package Modeled After HAL/S

New avionics software written more easily. Software package extends Ada programming language to include linear-algebra capabilities similar to those of HAL/S programming language. Designed for such avionics applications as Space Station flight software. In addition to built-in functions of HAL/S, package incorporates quaternion functions used in Space Shuttle and Galileo projects and routines from LINPAK solving systems of equations involving general square matrices. Contains two generic programs: one for floating-point computations and one for integer computations. Written on IBM/AT personal computer running under PC DOS, v.3.1.

Klumpp, Allan R.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Mission design applications of QUICK

An overview of an interactive software environment for space mission design termed QUICK is presented. This stand-alone program provides a programmable FORTRAN-like calculator interface to a wide range of both built-in and user defined functions. QUICK has evolved into a general-purpose software environment that can be intrinsically and dynamically customized for a wide range of mission design applications. Specific applications are described for some space programs, e.g., the earth-Venus-Mars mission, the Cassini mission to Saturn, the Mars Observer, the Galileo Project, and the Magellan Spacecraft.

Skinner, David L.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Galileo Attitude Determination: Experiences with a Rotating Star Scanner

The Galileo experience with a rotating star scanner is discussed in terms of problems encountered in flight, solutions implemented, and lessons learned. An overview of the Galileo project and the attitude and articulation control subsystem is given and the star scanner hardware and relevant software algorithms are detailed. The star scanner is the sole source of inertial attitude reference for this spacecraft. Problem symptoms observed in flight are discussed in terms of effects on spacecraft performance and safety. Sources of thse problems include contributions from flight software idiosyncrasies and inadequate validation of the ground procedures used to identify target stars for use by the autonomous on-board star identification algorithm. Problem fixes (some already implemented and some only proposed) are discussed. A general conclusion is drawn regarding the inherent difficulty of performing simulation tests to validate algorithms which are highly sensitive to external inputs of statistically 'rare' events.

Merken, L.↗
NASA NTRS1993

GOPEX laser transmission and monitoring systems

The laser transmission and monitoring system for the Galileo Optical Experiment (GOPEX) at the Table Mountain Facility (TMF) in Wrightwood, California is described. The transmission system configuration and the data measurement techniques are described. The calibration procedure and the data analysis algorithm are also discussed. The mean and standard deviation of the laser energy transmitted each day of GOPEX show that the laser transmission system performed well and within the limit established in conjunction with the Galileo Project for experiment concurrence.

Okamoto, G.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Galileo spacecraft anomaly and safing recovery

A high-level anomaly recovery plan which identifies the steps necessary to recover from a spacecraft 'Safing' incident was developed for the Galileo spacecraft prior to launch. Since launch, a total of four in-flight anomalies have lead to entry into a system fault protection 'Safing' routine which has required the Galileo flight team to refine and execute the recovery plan. These failures have allowed the flight team to develop an efficient recovery process when permanent spacecraft capability degradation is minimal and the cause of the anomaly is quickly diagnosed. With this previous recovery experience and the very focused boundary conditions of a specific potential failure, a Gaspra asteroid recovery plan was designed to be implemented in as quickly as forty hours (desired goal). This paper documents the work performed above, however, the Galileo project remains challenged to develop a generic detailed recovery plan which can be implemented in a relatively short time to configure the spacecraft to a nominal state prior to future high priority mission objectives.

Basilio, Ralph R.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Galileo Press Conference from JPL

The press conference concerns the Orbiter Deflection maneuver that had taken place earlier that day. The participants in the press conference, spoke of the success of the maneuver, which was performed perfectly. The Galileo project was a cooperative effort with the German Space Agency. Two members of the German Space Agency were introduced. There was a review of the trip to Jupiter, and the probe release. The deflection maneuver was important to getting the Probe on the correct path for the descent into the atmosphere of Jupiter. A brief video showed simulations of the probe release and the descent of the probe into the atmosphere. There was discussion about the failure of the high gain antenna to deploy, and the requirement to use the low gain antenna instead. A full scale model of the probe was shown.

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NASA NTRS2008

Galileo - The Serial-Production AIT Challenge

The Galileo Project is one of the most demanding projects of ESA, being Europe's autarkic navigation system and a constellation composed of 30 satellites. This presentation points out the different phases of the project up to the full operational capability and the corresponding launch options with respect to launch vehicles as well as launch configurations. One of the biggest challenges is to set up a small serial 'production line' for the overall integration and test campaign of satellites. This production line demands an optimization of all relevant tasks, taking into account also backup and recovery actions. A comprehensive AIT concept is required, reflecting a tightly merged facility layout and work flow design. In addition a common data management system is needed to handle all spacecraft related documentation and to have a direct input-out flow for all activities, phases and positions at the same time. Process optimization is a well known field of engineering in all small high tech production lines, nevertheless serial production of satellites are still not the daily task in space business and therefore new concepts have to be put in place. Therefore, and in order to meet the satellites overall system optimization, a thorough interface between unit/subsystem manufacturing and satellite AIT must be realized to ensure a smooth flow and to avoid any process interruption, which would directly lead to a schedule impact.

Ragnit, Ulrike↗
NASA NTRS1997

Galileo Science Update

Live footage shows Jane Platt, JPL Public Information Office, introducing the moderator of the panel discussion. The moderator introduces the panel members include Bill O'Neil, Project Manager Galileo Primary Mission, Dr. Torrence V. Johnson Galileo Project Scientist, Prof. Ronald Greeley from Arizona State University Galileo Imaging Team, Bob Mitchell Project Manager Galileo Europa Mission, and Dr. Karen Buxbaum Galileo Science Planning Manager. The panelists give the audience information about the Galileo Mission and answers questions from the audience and from Kennedy Space Center. An animation of the Galileo Spacecraft approaching and passing Europa is presented. The panelists mentions High Resolution Images, Detail Gravity studies, Spectral Maps of non-ice materials, Jupiter studies, Callisto studies, Europa studies, and Io studies.

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NASA NTRS1989

Galileo Mission Science Briefing

The first of two tapes of the Galileo Mission Science press briefing is presented. The panel is moderated by George Diller from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Public Affairs Office. The participants are John Conway, the director of Payload and operations at Kennedy; Donald E. Williams, Commander of STS-43, the shuttle mission which will launch the Galileo mission; John Casani, the Deputy Assistant Director of Flight Projects at the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL); Dick Spehalski, Galileo Project Manager at JPL; and Terrence Johnson, Galileo Project Scientist at JPL. The briefing begins with an announcement of the arrival of the Galileo Orbiter at KSC. The required steps prior to the launch are discussed. The mission trajectory and gravity assists from planetary and solar flybys are reviewed. Detailed designs of the orbiter are shown. The distance that Galileo will travel from the sun precludes the use of solar energy for heat. Therefore Radioisotope heater units are used to keep the equipment at operational temperature. A video of the arrival of the spacecraft at KSC and final tests and preparations is shown. Some of the many science goals of the mission are reviewed. Another video showing an overview of the Galileo mission is presented. During the question and answer period, the issue of the use of plutonium on the mission is broached, which engenders a review of the testing methods used to ensure the safety of the capsules containing the hazardous substance. This video has actual shots of the orbiter, as it is undergoing the final preparations and tests for the mission.

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