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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Thermal Model Heat Rate Predictions of the AGR-5/6/7 Experiment

Several fuel and material irradiation experiments have been planned for the U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification Program, which supports the development and qualification of tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated particle fuel for use in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. The goals of these experiments are to provide irradiation performance data to support fuel process development, qualify fuel for normal operating conditions, support development of fuel performance models and codes, and provide irradiated fuel and materials for post-irradiation examination and safety testing. Originally planned and named as separate fuel experiments, but subsequently combined into a single test train. AGR-5/6/7 will test low-enriched uranium oxycarbide (UCO – a heterogeneous mixture of uranium oxide and uranium carbide) TRISO fuel. The AGR-5/6 portion of the experiment will provide data to support qualification of the selected reference fuel design, while the AGR-7 portion will serve as a margin test, irradiating the fuel beyond normal operating conditions. During irradiation, the temperature in each capsule is controlled by varying the helium / neon gas mixture flowing through the capsule until the desired thermocouple temperature is reached. Further adjustments can be made by changing the lobe power and the neutron filter. Three neutron filters are available to use as the experiment burns up the fissionable fuel. A thermal finite element model has been created for the five capsules comprising the AGR-5/6/7 experiment. Heat rates from a physics analysis are imported into the model along with fast neutron fluence. Graphite shrinkage due to the fast neutron fluence is incorporated into the model. Gas gaps change as a function of fast neutron fluence. Radiation heat transfer is a major contributor in this model. This is a large model with more than 1 million finite element brick elements. More than 150 different parts are modeled in the finite element model and communicate with each other from a heat transfer sense. More than 50 thermocouples are used in the experiment and are compared to actual measurements. The experiment is composed of five separate stainless steel capsules all welded together. This paper presents a method used to predict the gas mixture in the event that all of the thermocouples fail in a particular capsule. Curve fitting of heat rates from previous cycles and projecting them into the future is the basis of the method.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

An Integrated Multiscale Modeling Framework for Unconventional Stimulation and Production (Final Report)

The production of oil and gas from unconventional reservoirs largely depends upon two main features operating at different scales: (1) the establishment of a reservoir scale stimulated fracture network that effectively communicates with the rock volume, enhancing permeability and transport to the wellbore and (2) the coupled multi-phase flow, chemical and mechanical processes affecting the migration of hydrocarbons from the low permeability country rock adjacent to the stimulated fracture network. To date, there has been no simulation framework that allows seamless and integrated prediction of these features across spatial scales extending from the pore structure of the reservoir rock to the volume of the reservoir. In addition, there has been a lack of suitable field measurements to test such models, as stimulation and production data are often proprietary and not freely available to national laboratories and academic institutions. New multi-scale simulation capabilities are needed that are validated against suitable field-based research experiments on hydraulic fracturing and shale production.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2021

xRage simulations of magnetic velocity gauges used in gas gun shock initiation experiments

Shock initiation gas gun experiments of PBX 9012 have been performed by Burns and Chiquete [2020] using magnetic velocity gauges as the principal diagnostic. In private communications, the experimenters noted that compatibility issues required a different glue to bond the gauges to PBX 9012 then previously used for experiments with PBX 9501 and PBX 9502. The silicon glue used is more viscous and can result in glue layers up to 50 microns, which is about the gauge thickness. This raises the question on what affect the thicker glue layers have on the gauge response. In particular, the width of the lead shock can affect the accuracy of inferring shock locus points used for the shock pressure of Pop plot data points and for Hugoniot data to calibrate the reactants EOS.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Turbomachine component with coating-capturing feature for thermal insulation

The disclosure relates to turbomachine components which include one or more coating-capturing features for thermal insulation. A turbomachine component may include: a body having an exterior surface positioned within a hot gas path (HGP) section of a turbomachine; and a coating-capturing feature mounted on the exterior surface of the body and in thermal communication with the HGP section of the turbomachine, wherein the coating-capturing feature comprises: a first member positioned on the exterior surface of the body, the first member having at least one outer sidewall defining a first perimeter of the coating-capturing feature, a second member positioned on the first member and having at least one outer sidewall defining a second perimeter of the coating-capturing feature, wherein the first member separates the second member from the exterior surface of the body, and an indentation positioned between the first and second members.

Berry, Jonathan Dwight↗
DOE OSTI2024

Decarbonization of heat pump dual fuel systems using a practical model predictive control: Field demonstration in a small commercial building

In the transition from fossil fuel to electrified heating, a concerning trend is emerging in certain regions of the US. Owners of buildings with gas-based systems leave them in place after adding heat pumps (HPs). Existing control solutions for these hybrid (dual fuel) systems are rudimentary and fall short of realizing the full carbon reduction potential of these systems. Model predictive control (MPC) is often regarded as the benchmark for achieving optimal control in integrated systems. However, in the case of small-medium commercial buildings (SMCBs), the control and communication infrastructure required to facilitate the implementation of such advanced controls is often lacking. This paper presents a field implementation of easy-to-deploy MPC for a dual fuel heating system consisting of HPs and a gas-fired furnace (GF) for SMCBs. The control system is deployed on an open-source middleware platform and utilizes low-cost sensor devices to be used for real SMCBs without major retrofits. Here, we demonstrated this MPC in a real office building with 5 HPs and 1 GF for 2 months. The test results showed that MPC reduced 27% of cost while completely eliminating GF usage by shifting 23% of the thermal load from occupied-peak time to non-occupied-non-peak times.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Ultra: Underwater Laser Telecommunications & Remote Access (Final Report)

High speed wireless communication has proven elusive in subsea environments due to the inherent bandwidth limitations of acoustics and range limitations of other transmission modalities. A truly connected subsea system necessitates a high-speed, resilient architecture that can enable the integration of new sensor technologies and edge analytics and allow closed-loop monitoring and control of subsea operations for integrity monitoring and optimization. Like terrestrial Internet of Things applications, the realization of this “digital subsea” vision requires the application of high speed, point-to-point wireless technologies to complement rather than replace “hard-wired” communications such as optical fiber or acoustic systems. This work addresses the development of ULTRA (Underwater LASER Telemetry and Remote Access), an ultra-long range underwater laser communications system for use in critical points of the subsea communications architecture to increase reliability, operational flexibility, and reduce communication system maintenance associated with physical subsea connections.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2024

Heterogeneous oxidation of hydrogen-natural gas blends in a safe, clean, and efficient burner design

The growth of hydrogen as an alternative clean fuel for fulfilling thermal energy needs of multiple economic sectors globally requires access to reliable, safe, energy efficient, emission free combustion technology. The work described in this short communication shows the applicability of a novel heterogeneous combustion design in utilizing a wide range of hydrogen blended methane concentrations to cleanly and safely generate thermal energy. The utilization of a simple first principles design approach along with engineered materials yielded a fuel-flexible hybrid infrared-convection burner design capable of lowering NOx emissions by more than 95% while simultaneously improving the heat transfer efficiency by 15% with a wide range of hydrogen concentrations. Here, the safety and performance of the combustion design was demonstrated in an burner at capacities of up to 12,000 Btu/h in producing temperatures of 900 °C. The atmospheric burner concept was integrated in a cooktop configuration with combined thermal power rating of 30,000 Btu/h and operated with hydrogen blended natural gas.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Systematic Interpretation of Subsurface Proppant Concentration from Drilling Mud Returns: Case Study from Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS-2) in Delaware Basin

The aim of this study is generation and validation of a proppant log using analysis of drilling mud returns for child wells. Proppant log provides qualitative as well as quantitative insights into spatial distribution of proppant sand particles from prior stimulation of parent wells. While the basic methodology was developed and formalized during analysis of material collected from through fracture cores at Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site in Midland Basin (HFTS – 1), the test wells at HFTS – 2 in the neighboring Delaware Basin allowed the opportunity to validate the workflow on actual mud return samples from subsurface. As a child well is being drilled, periodic mud return samples are collected at the rig site and preserved for analysis. The workflow involves systematic cleaning of the samples including various steps such as washing, drying and segregation of samples into relevant size fractions of interest (< Mesh 20) based on specifications of pumped sand during stimulation of the parent well. Clean samples are imaged using high resolution transparency scanning. Scan images are then systematically analyzed for particles of interest using computer vision techniques. Sample counts are further validated using elemental analysis of smaller sub-samples at various depths of interest. This step is necessary to isolate proppant versus other naturally occurring minerals such as sulphates and carbonates which show similar optical properties. We successfully correlated proppant distribution against the existing parent well and validated propped versus relatively un-propped zones for a child well at the test site. The advantage of testing the proppant log concept at the HFTS – 2 site is the plethora of additional diagnostic data that is available to validate our primary observations. We can correlate spatial proppant distribution against variability in stimulation response based on independent observations such as image logs, microseismic attributes as well as DAS response, all of which tend to corroborate one another. One of our significant successes was being able to describe varying degrees of impact of the parent well along the lateral length of a stimulated child well. Our workflow represents a systematic and one-of-a-kind interpretation of spatial proppant distribution while drilling child wells. This provides unique opportunities to better understand the current state of the Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/URTECONF/proceedings-pdf/21URTC/2-21URTC/D021S031R003/2477415/urtec-2021-5189-ms.pdf/1 by Carol Worster on 28 February 2022 URTeC 5189 2 reservoir being targeted including zones which are likely more drained relative to others and how the planned completion of the child well can be improved. Lastly, this log can be useful is validating optimal well spacing in relatively new fields under development.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Laser ablation spectrometry system

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to laser ablation spectrometry systems. In one aspect, a system comprises a microscope, a laser, a continuous flow probe, and a gas confinement device. The laser is positioned to emit light through an objective lens of the microscope. The continuous flow probe is coupled to a spectrometer. An end of the continuous flow probe is positioned proximate a sample and between the sample and the objective lens. The gas confinement device defines a gas inlet, a chamber, a platform, a wall surrounding the platform, a plurality of vents, and a plurality of channels. Each of the plurality of vents is positioned to direct a gas substantially parallel to the platform, and each of the plurality of vents is defined in the wall. The plurality of channels is operable to provide fluid communication between the chamber and the plurality of vents.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Regional Geologic Cross Sections for Potential Storage and Containment Zones in the MRCSP Region [plus Plates 1-6]

The regional characterization work conducted by the Geoteams during the MRCSP Phase III project period (2010 –2019) focused on the following tasks: (1) refinement of geologic seals/reservoir systems; (2) assessment of Atlantic Coastal Plain and offshore opportunities; (3) expanded assessments of oil and gas fields, particularly as they relate to enhanced recovery opportunities; (4) regional support for implementation of carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) in the partnership area; and (5) communication and data sharing. This report, entitled Regional Geology, has been prepared in association with (4), regional support for implementation of CCUS in the partnership area..

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Heating assemblies, heat exchange assemblies, methods for providing and/or exchanging heat, turbine combustion engines, and methods for powering turbine combustion engines

Heat exchanger assemblies and methods for providing heat exchange as well as methods providing specific energy to predetermined materials within an assembly as well as gas turbine engines as well as methods of powering same are provided. Heating assemblies are provided that can include: a heat-sinking substrate; and a selective emitter layer in thermal communication with the substrate. These assemblies can be provided as part of heat exchanger assemblies. Methods for providing heat to a fluid are also provided that can include heating a layer upon a substrate to provide photons of a predetermined wavelength to a fluid from the layer.Turbine combustion engines are also provided that can include a turbine having at least a portion of the blades in the hot section of the turbine coated with an emissivity layer in thermal communication with the turbine blade. Methods for powering turbine combustion engines are also provided.

McGrail, B. Peter↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Demand-Side Opportunity: The Roles of Distributed Solar and Building Energy Systems in a Decarbonized Grid

Building energy systems represent a significant and largely untapped demand-side grid resource. Buildings use about 75% of electricity in the United States, including around 80% of peak demand, meaning that changes in building energy use have significant implications for grid operations. Building energy technologies-including energy-efficient devices, flexible loads, and energy storage-can be coordinated and aggregated to perform similar functions as centralized grid assets. Recent advances in information and communication (ICT) technologies have significantly improved building energy technology automation, coordination, and aggregation capabilities. With declining costs and technological advances, building energy systems can increasingly compete with conventional grid assets such as natural gas plants. Building energy technologies enable the deployment of distributed solar photovoltaics (DPV). Energy-efficient buildings allow DPV to meet greater shares of building load while flexible loads and energy storage can reshape building load profiles to optimize the on-site use of DPV. Optimized on-site use of DPV increases the value proposition for DPV adoption and can help utilities cost-effectively integrate higher levels of DPV penetration. Together, DPV and building energy technologies could help grids achieve deep decarbonization more quickly and cost-effectively.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Analyses of the C. Winter #10 Enhanced Open-hole Drill Stem Test of the Residual Oil Zone in the Cypress Sandstone

The objective of this report is to detail enhanced open-hole drill stem test (DST) of the Residual Oil Zone in the Cypress Sandstone. DST are 1) to confirm there is no mobile oil from the suspected residual oil zone (ROZ), 2) estimate vertical and horizontal permeability in the ROZ, and 3) test vertical communication between the Cypress main pay zone (MPZ) and the ROZ, across the upper calcite layer.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2021

AOI [1]: Passive Wireless Sensor Systems Fabricated by Direct-Writing for Temperature and Health Monitoring of Energy Systems in Harsh-Environments (Final Report)

Researchers at West Virginia University (WVU) propose to demonstrate a wireless, high-temperature sensor system for monitoring the temperature and health of energy-system components. The active sensor and electronics for wireless communication will be composed entirely of an electroceramic materials (conductive ceramics) which are capable of withstanding the harsh-environments required for fossil energy-based technologies. This work will focus primarily on the fabrication and testing of temperature (thermocouples and thermistors) and health (strain/stress and crack propagation sensors) that function at extreme temperatures (up to 700-1700ºC). The electronics will accompany the high-temperature sensor, which will include a passive wireless communication circuit that allows the transmission of the data based on the LCR resonance principle to a near-by reader antenna. This passive transmission of data will reduce the need for interconnect wires near the active, and possibly rotating, energy-system component. The research will include process development to permit the 2D/3D direct-writing of the entire sensor and communication circuit onto the energy-system component. The direct-writing will be facilitated by using silicon-based polymer-derived precursors to form the high-temperature, stable electroceramic compositions. In addition, methods for direct-writing the circuit onto a fugitive carrier substrate will be completed, which will permit a “peel-and-stick”-like transfer of the sensor circuit to the energy-system component. This feature will allow the economical and precise placement of the sensor circuit onto components of various shapes and locations, without altering the geometry and active features of the manufactured component, or the removal (or decommissioning) of the component for installation. The proposed work will be directed at the following areas: 1) Investigation of phase formation, sintering/grain growth, and electrical properties of polymer-derived electroceramic composites; 2) Definition of processes to direct-write through ink-jet and robo-casting the polymer-derived electroceramic composites onto oxide and polymer surfaces; 3) Development of methods to form monolithic "peel-and-stick" preforms that will efficiently transfer the sensor circuit to ceramic surfaces after thermal treatment; 4) Design of passive wireless LCR circuits and receiver (reader) antennas for communication and testing at high temperatures; 5) Investigation of the passive wireless sensor system developed (and method of transferring sensor system) for temperature and stress/strain measurements on a SOFC repeat unit and a singular gas turbine blade prototype as example applications.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2023

Photovoltaics at multi-terawatt scale: Waiting is not an option

We report a major renewable-energy milestone occurred in 2022: Photovoltaics (PV) exceeded a global installed capacity of 1 TW dc . But despite considerable growth and cost reduction over time, PV is still a small part of global electricity generation (4 to 5% for 2022), and the window is increasingly closing to take action at scale to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while meeting global energy needs for the future. PV is one of very few options that can be dispatched relatively quickly, but discussions of TW-scale growth at the global level may not be clearly communicating the needed size and speed for renewable-energy installation. A major global risk would be to make poor assumptions or mistakes in modeling and promoting the required PV deployment and industry growth and then realize by 2035 that we were profoundly wrong on the low side and need to ramp up manufacturing and deployment to unrealistic or unsustainable levels.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Conducting metal oxides integrated with the surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor platform

One or more embodiments relates a single port surface acoustic wave sensor (SAW) device adapted for use in a wide range of operational temperatures and gas phase chemical species. The device includes a piezoelectric crystal substrate; at least one interdigitated electrode/transducer (IDT) positioned on the piezoelectric crystal substrate; and at least one conducting metal oxide film positioned on the piezoelectric crystal substrate and in communication with at least the IDT.

Ohodnicki, Jr., Paul R.↗
DOE OSTI2020

System and method of recovering carbon dioxide from a stream of gas

A system for use in recovering carbon dioxide from a stream of gas includes an absorption unit configured to receive the stream of gas and a stream of liquid absorbent. The gas includes carbon dioxide and vaporized water, and the liquid absorbent is chemically reactive with the carbon dioxide to form a solidified carbon dioxide-rich absorbent material. The gas and the liquid absorbent are mixed in the absorption unit such that a slurry that includes the solidified carbon dioxide-rich absorbent material and condensed water is formed therein. The system also includes a transport mechanism coupled in communication with the absorption unit, wherein the transport mechanism is configured to channel the slurry downstream from the absorption unit.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Fracture Intersections under Stress: Laboratory Data and Code [Data set]

The connectivity of natural and induced fractures governs the injection and withdrawal of fluids from subsurface reservoirs. Connectivity depends on intersections that control how fluids mix and move through the entire system. Here, we present data sets from 3D X-ray microscopy measurements of simple fracture networks under stress. 3D printing was used to create prismatic blocks that formed fracture networks composed of 2 orthogonal fractures. The network orientation was either "x" or "+" relative to an applied vertical stress. 3D data sets were collected for normal loads of 25, 100 and 200 Newtons for samples with fracture surfaces with either correlated or uncorrelated asperity distributions. The file contains data from the 12 samples analyzed along with an example code used to extract the intersection geometry. Additional experimental details can be found in the manuscript "Geologic Stress Modulates Fluid Mixing at Fracture Intersections" (10.1038/s43247-026-03525-9)and supplemental information to appear in Communications Earth & Environment in 2026.

02 PETROLEUM↗