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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1996

Higher sympathetic nerve activity during ventricular (VVI) than during dual-chamber (DDD) pacing

OBJECTIVES: We determined the short-term effects of single-chamber ventricular pacing and dual-chamber atrioventricular (AV) pacing on directly measured sympathetic nerve activity. BACKGROUND: Dual-chamber AV cardiac pacing results in greater cardiac output and lower systemic vascular resistance than does single-chamber ventricular pacing. However, it is unclear whether these hemodynamic advantages result in less sympathetic nervous system outflow. METHODS: In 13 patients with a dual-chamber pacemaker, we recorded the electrocardiogram, noninvasive arterial pressure (Finapres), respiration and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography) during 3 min of underlying basal heart rate and 3 min of ventricular and AV pacing at rates of 60 and 100 beats/min. RESULTS: Arterial pressure was lowest and muscle sympathetic nerve activity was highest at the underlying basal heart rate. Arterial pressure increased with cardiac pacing and was greater with AV than with ventricular pacing (change in mean blood pressure +/- SE: 10 +/- 3 vs. 2 +/- 2 mm Hg at 60 beats/min; 21 +/- 5 vs. 14 +/- 2 mm Hg at 100 beats/min; p < 0.05). Sympathetic nerve activity decreased with cardiac pacing and the decline was greater with AV than with ventricular pacing (60 beats/min -40 +/- 11% vs. -17 +/- 7%; 100 beats/min -60 +/- 9% vs. -48 +/- 10%; p < 0.05). Although most patients showed a strong inverse relation between arterial pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity, three patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction < or = 30%) showed no relation between arterial pressure and sympathetic activity. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term AV pacing results in lower sympathetic nerve activity and higher arterial pressure than does ventricular pacing, indicating that cardiac pacing mode may influence sympathetic outflow simply through arterial baroreflex mechanisms. We speculate that the greater incidence of adverse outcomes in patients treated with single-chamber ventricular rather than dual-chamber pacing may be due in part to increased sympathetic nervous outflow.

NASA Discipline Cardiopulmonary↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Hg(SbS2)4 by Materials Project

Hg(SbS2)2(SbS2)2 is Stibnite-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two Hg(SbS2)2 sheets oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction and two SbS2 sheets oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In each Hg(SbS2)2 sheet, there are two inequivalent Hg2+ sites. In the first Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to six S2- atoms. There are a spread of Hg–S bond distances ranging from 2.38–3.44 Å. In the second Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to six S2- atoms. There are a spread of Hg–S bond distances ranging from 2.38–3.45 Å. There are two inequivalent Sb+3.50+ sites. In the first Sb+3.50+ site, Sb+3.50+ is bonded to five S2- atoms to form edge-sharing SbS5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Sb–S bond distances ranging from 2.49–2.94 Å. In the second Sb+3.50+ site, Sb+3.50+ is bonded to five S2- atoms to form edge-sharing SbS5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Sb–S bond distances ranging from 2.49–2.94 Å. There are four inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Hg2+ and three Sb+3.50+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Hg2+ and two equivalent Sb+3.50+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Hg2+ and three Sb+3.50+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Hg2+ and two equivalent Sb+3.50+ atoms. In each SbS2 sheet, there are two inequivalent Sb+3.50+ sites. In the first Sb+3.50+ site, Sb+3.50+ is bonded to five S2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing SbS5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Sb–S bond distances ranging from 2.50–3.00 Å. In the second Sb+3.50+ site, Sb+3.50+ is bonded to five S2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing SbS5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Sb–S bond distances ranging from 2.50–3.02 Å. There are four inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sb+3.50+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.08 Å. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sb+3.50+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sb+3.50+ and one S2- atom. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sb+3.50+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

First observation of the decay of the 13/2 + isomer in 183 Hg and B(M 2) systematics of neutron transitions across the nuclear chart

The decay of the 13/2 + isomeric state in 183 Hg was observed for the first time following the a decay of the 13/2 + isomer in 187 Pb produced in the 142 Nd( 50 Cr, 2p3n) reaction. Using $\alpha - \gamma$ delayed coincidence measurements, the half-life of this isomer was measured to be 290(30) μs. This isomer is proposed to deexcite by an unobserved low-energy M2 transition to the known 9/2 - member of a strongly prolate-deformed 7/2 - [514] band, followed by a 105-keV M1 transition to the bandhead. A lower limit of B(M2) >= 0.018 W.u. was deduced for the unobserved transition. The presumed retardation is proposed to be due to the notable shape change between the initial, nearly spherical, and the final, strongly deformed, states. A similar scenario is also considered for the 13/2 + isomer in 181 Hg, suggesting both are cases of shape isomers. The B(M2) systematics of neutron transitions across the nuclear chart is discussed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Reversible CO 2 Hydrogenation, Neutron Crystallography, and Hydride Reactivity of a Triiridium Heptahydride Complex

Abstract The authors report the structure, reactivity, and catalytic utility of a triiridium complex, [Ir 3 H 6 ( μ 3 ‐H)(PN) 3 ] 2+ ( 2‐H , PN = (2‐pyridyl)CH 2 PBu t 2 ). Despite its unusual stability to unsaturated organics, electrophiles, and even CF 3 SO 3 D, they find that complex 2‐H catalyzes hydrogenation of CO 2 to formate (TON Ir = 9600) and reverse formic acid dehydrogenation (TON Ir = 54 400). The hydrogenation operates via a reactive intermediate [Ir 3 H 4 ( μ ‐H) 4 (PN) 3 ] + ( 5 ). Neutron crystallography and DFT‐supported neutron vibrational spectroscopy of 2‐H reveal Ir─H bond lengths and elucidate the vibration modes within the Ir 3 H 7 core. Stoichiometric oxidation of 2‐H produces four classes of iridium complexes of varied nuclearity and hydride structure: tetra‐ and pentanuclear clusters [Ir 3 H 6 ( μ 3 ‐AuPPh 3 )(PN) 3 ] 2+ ( 2‐Au ) and [Ag{Ir 2 H 4 ( μ ‐OAc)(PN) 2 } 2 ] 3+ ( 6 ) are generated using AuPPh 3 + and AgOAc, respectively. Further oxidation to class [Ir 2 H 3 ( μ ‐X) 2 (PN) 2 ] + is possible with AgOAc, Hg(OAc) 2 , or I 2 . Finally, a TEMPO/HCl system completely oxidizes the hydrides and gives [Ir 2 Cl 4 ( μ ‐Cl) 2 (PN) 2 ] ( 11 ).

Cherepakhin, Valeriy [Loker Hydrocarbon Research I↗
DOE OSTI2025

Reversible CO 2 Hydrogenation, Neutron Crystallography, and Hydride Reactivity of a Triiridium Heptahydride Complex

Here, the authors report the structure, reactivity, and catalytic utility of a triiridium complex, [Ir 3 H 6 (μ 3 -H)(PN) 3 ] 2+ (2-H, PN = (2-pyridyl)CH 2 PBu t 2 ). Despite its unusual stability to unsaturated organics, electrophiles, and even CF 3 SO 3 D, they find that complex 2-H catalyzes hydrogenation of CO 2 to formate (TON Ir = 9600) and reverse formic acid dehydrogenation (TON Ir = 54 400). The hydrogenation operates via a reactive intermediate [Ir 3 H 4 (μ-H) 4 (PN) 3 ] + (5). Neutron crystallography and DFT-supported neutron vibrational spectroscopy of 2-H reveal Ir─H bond lengths and elucidate the vibration modes within the Ir 3 H 7 core. Stoichiometric oxidation of 2-H produces four classes of iridium complexes of varied nuclearity and hydride structure: tetra- and pentanuclear clusters [Ir 3 H 6 (μ 3 -AuPPh 3 )(PN) 3 ] 2+ (2-Au) and [Ag{Ir 2 H 4 (μ-OAc)(PN) 2 } 2 ] 3+ (6) are generated using AuPPh 3 + and AgOAc, respectively. Further oxidation to class [Ir 2 H 3 (μ-X) 2 (PN) 2 ] + is possible with AgOAc, Hg(OAc) 2 , or I 2 . Finally, a TEMPO/HCl system completely oxidizes the hydrides and gives [Ir 2 Cl 4 (μ-Cl) 2 (PN) 2 ] (11).

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Competitive exchange between divalent metal ions [Cu(II), Zn(II), Ca(II)] and Hg(II) bound to thiols and natural organic matter

Mercuric Hg(II) ion forms exceptionally strong complexes with various organic ligands, particularly thiols and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural water. Few studies, however, have experimentally determined whether or not the presence of base cations and transition metal ions, such as Ca(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), would compete with Hg(II) bound to these ligands, as concentrations of these metal ions are usually orders of magnitude higher than Hg(II) in aquatic systems. Different from previous model predictions, a significant fraction of Hg(II) bound to cysteine (CYS), glutathione (GSH), or DOM was found to be competitively exchanged by Cu(II), but not by Zn(II) or Ca(II). About 20–75% of CYS-bound-Hg(II) [at 2:1 CYS:Hg(II)] and 14–40% of GSH-bound-Hg(II) [at 1:1 GSH:Hg(II)] were exchanged by Cu(II) at concentrations 1–3 orders of magnitude greater than Hg(II). Competitive exchange was also observed between Cu(II) and Hg(II) bound to DOM, albeit to a lower extent, depending on relative abundances of thiol and carboxylate functional groups on DOM and their equilibrium time with Hg(II). When complexed with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), most Hg(II) could be exchanged by Cu(II) and Zn(II), as well as Ca(II) at increasing concentrations. Furthermore, these results shed additional light on competitive exchange reactions between Hg(II) and coexisting metal ions and have important implications in Hg(II) chemical speciation and biogeochemical transformation, particularly in contaminated environments containing relatively high concentrations of Hg(II) and metal ions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HgH12(ClO7)2 by Materials Project

Hg(H2O)6(ClO4)2 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two ClO4 clusters and one Hg(H2O)6 cluster. In each ClO4 cluster, there are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.47 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.45 Å. Cl is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. In the Hg(H2O)6 cluster, Hg is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six equivalent O atoms. All Hg–O bond lengths are 2.40 Å. H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. O is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Hg and two equivalent H atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Analysis of Solids Obtained from 201O, 201P, 202A, and 202B Contactors in the Salt Waste Processing Facility

In December 2022, Savannah River Mission Completion personnel recovered solids samples from four contractors (EXT-001, EXT-007, EXT-031, and EXT-040) employed at the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF). These solids were submitted to Savannah River National Laboratory for analysis and characterization. This Technical Report outlines the analytical findings and observations associated with these samples and explores the potential source of solid generation within the SWPF. The following conclusions are offered as a result of this work: the light color solids recovered from EXT-007 are consistent with crystallized, soluble salt components (such as sodium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate), all of which can be easily re-dissolved in process water and do not represent a threat to SWPF CSSX processing. While the light solids from the top of EXT-040 were not analyzed, it is believed that they share similar characteristics to those recovered from EXT-007; The dark color solids recovered from EXT-001, EXT-031, and the inside of EXT-040 appear to be complex, consisting of several different types of solids: High concentrations of mercury (Hg, 40-75% by mass) partially present as elemental Hg are consistent with the precipitation of Hg 0 /Hg 2+ from disproportionation of Hg + species in pH swing conditions; Moderate concentrations of titanium (Ti) (2-7%, by mass) are also present, often co-located with Hg. This is consistent with co-precipitation, entrainment, and/or amalgamation of Ti and Hg; Moderate concentrations of iron (Fe) (1-3%, by mass) are observed in SWPF solids and are likely attributable to erosion of stainless-steel components within the CSSX process; Small concentrations of tungsten (W) and cobalt (Co) (<1%, by mass) are observed in SWPF solids. The presence of these solids is consistent with the erosion of components coated with W and Co (e.g., Stellite); Small concentrations of aluminum (Al) (<1%, by mass) are observed in the form of gibbsite and potentially sodium aluminosilicate. The presence of these compounds is likely attributable to the pH swing observed between the scrub and extraction cycles within the CSSX process. The following recommendations are made as a result of this work: Testing should be performed to determine the chemical drivers, process, and mechanism of Hg precipitation in CSSX processing. Special care should be taken to include titanium in tests to evaluate the potential for co-precipitation, entrainment, and amalgamation; Hg-mitigation options that would minimize or eliminate risks of Hg precipitation and solids accumulation (e.g., Hg-absorption techniques, ion exchange/adsorbents, flowsheet changes, etc.) should be assessed.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

Pressure-induced ferroelectric-like transition creates a polar metal in defect antiperovskites Hg3Te2X2 (X = Cl, Br)

Abstract Ferroelectricity is typically suppressed under hydrostatic compression because the short-range repulsions, which favor the nonpolar phase, increase more rapidly than the long-range interactions, which prefer the ferroelectric phase. Here, based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction and density-functional theory, we provide evidence of a ferroelectric-like transition from phase I 2 1 3 to R 3 induced by pressure in two isostructural defect antiperovskites Hg 3 Te 2 Cl 2 (15.5 GPa) and Hg 3 Te 2 Br 2 (17.5 GPa). First-principles calculations show that this transition is attributed to pressure-induced softening of the infrared phonon mode Γ 4 , similar to the archetypal ferroelectric material BaTiO 3 at ambient pressure. Additionally, we observe a gradual band-gap closing from ~2.5 eV to metallic-like state of Hg 3 Te 2 Br 2 with an unexpectedly stable R 3 phase even after semiconductor-to-metal transition. This study demonstrates the possibility of emergence of polar metal under pressure in this class of materials and establishes the possibility of pressure-induced ferroelectric-like transition in perovskite-related systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Hg2Te4Xe3(O2F13)2 by Materials Project

(XeF2)3(HgTe2(OF5)2)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four HgTe2(OF5)2 clusters and six XeF2 clusters. In each HgTe2(OF5)2 cluster, Hg is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There are one shorter (2.06 Å) and one longer (2.07 Å) Hg–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Te sites. In the first Te site, Te is bonded in an octahedral geometry to one O and five F atoms. The Te–O bond length is 1.87 Å. There is two shorter (1.88 Å) and three longer (1.89 Å) Te–F bond length. In the second Te site, Te is bonded in an octahedral geometry to one O and five F atoms. The Te–O bond length is 1.88 Å. There are a spread of Te–F bond distances ranging from 1.87–1.89 Å. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Hg and one Te atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Hg and one Te atom. There are ten inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In each XeF2 cluster, Xe is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There are one shorter (2.08 Å) and one longer (2.09 Å) Xe–F bond lengths. There are two inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Hg2Te4Kr3(O2F13)2 by Materials Project

(KrF2)3(HgTe2(OF5)2)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four HgTe2(OF5)2 clusters and six KrF2 clusters. In each HgTe2(OF5)2 cluster, Hg is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There are one shorter (2.06 Å) and one longer (2.08 Å) Hg–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Te sites. In the first Te site, Te is bonded in an octahedral geometry to one O and five F atoms. The Te–O bond length is 1.89 Å. There is three shorter (1.88 Å) and two longer (1.89 Å) Te–F bond length. In the second Te site, Te is bonded in an octahedral geometry to one O and five F atoms. The Te–O bond length is 1.88 Å. There are a spread of Te–F bond distances ranging from 1.87–1.89 Å. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Hg and one Te atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Hg and one Te atom. There are ten inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Te atom. In each KrF2 cluster, Kr is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent F atoms. Both Kr–F bond lengths are 1.94 Å. F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Kr atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Computational Chemistry-Based Evaluation of Metal Salts and Metal Oxides for Application in Mercury-Capture Technologies

Anthropogenic mercury emission to the atmosphere adversely affects the environment, wildlife, and human health. Accordingly, the design and implementation of improved mercury-capture technologies have received increased attention. We present a computational chemistry-based screening study to guide the development of mercury-capture materials. We use density functional theory (DFT) to probe the efficacy of metal salts and metal oxides (NaCl, NaBr, KCl, KBr, CaCl 2 , CaBr 2 , NaNO 3 , and MgO) toward mercury capture and their ability to be regenerated for continued use. We focus on three primary sources of mercury emission as elemental gaseous mercury (Hg(0)) or oxidized gaseous mercury species (Hg(II); HgCl 2 or HgBr 2 ): (i) Hg(0) emission from artisanal Au production; (ii) Hg(II)/Hg(0) emission from inlet/outlet streams for flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) operation; and (iii) Hg(0) and Hg(II) emission from cement production. Our results suggest that CaCl 2 and CaBr 2 are good candidates for capturing Hg(0) in artisanal Au production. For FGD operation, KBr, MgO, CaCl 2 , and CaBr 2 are good candidates for capturing HgCl 2 and HgBr 2 , while CaBr 2 is the only studied material that can capture Hg(0) from the outlet FGD stream. For cement production, CaBr 2 is the only material of those studied that can capture Hg(0), HgCl 2 , and HgBr 2 . Furthermore, our DFT results can accelerate the development of cheap and regenerable mercury-capture materials, as well as better prevent the release of mercury to the environment.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Preparation and Characterization of YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 Superconductor

Solid-state reaction of appropriate amounts of Y 2 O 3 , BaCOs, and CuO for 2 h at 800°C in flowing oxygen with a total pressure of 2.7 x 10 2 Pa (2 mm Hg), followed by cooling and annealing at 750°C for 10 h in oxygen at ambient pressure, has produced orthorhombic YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 (124) as the main phase with YBa 2 Cu 3 O x (123) as an impurity phase. After the as-calcined powder was annealed in oxygen at 800°C for 24 h under ambient pressure, the phase purity improved considerably. Calcined 124 powder was pressed into pellets and rapidly annealed at temperatures from 870°C to 935°C. At these temperatures, the 124 decomposed into 123. The superconducting transition temperature, T c , of the annealed samples depended upon the annealing temperature and atmosphere. The decomposed samples have been characterized by low field RF SQUID magnetometer and high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Mercury Reduction, Uptake, and Species Transformation by Freshwater Alga Chlorella vulgaris under Sunlit and Dark Conditions

As a major entry point of mercury (Hg) to aquatic food webs, algae play an important role in taking up and transforming Hg species in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known how and to what extent Hg reduction, uptake, and species transformations are mediated by algal cells and their exudates, algal organic matter (AOM), under either sunlit or dark conditions. In this study, using Chlorella vulgaris (CV) as one of the most prevalent freshwater model algal species, we show that solar irradiation could enhance the reduction of mercuric Hg(II) to elemental Hg(0) by both CV cells and AOM. AOM reduced more Hg(II) than algal cells themselves due to cell surface adsorption and uptake of Hg(II) inside the cells under solar irradiation. Synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (SR-XANES) analyses indicate that sunlight facilitated the transformation of Hg to less bioavailable species, such as β-HgS and Hg-phytochelatins, compared to Hg(Cysteine) 2 -like species formed in algal cells in the dark. These findings highlight important functional roles and potential mechanisms of algae in Hg reduction and immobilization under varying lighting conditions and how these processes may modulate Hg cycling and bioavailability in the aquatic environment.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ga2CuCl8 by Materials Project

Cu(GaCl4)2 is Hg_xSn structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two Cu(GaCl4)2 clusters. Cu2+ is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four Cl1- atoms. All Cu–Cl bond lengths are 2.31 Å. Ga3+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ga–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.29 Å. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ga3+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Cu2+ and one Ga3+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Cu2+ and one Ga3+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ga3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on TeC4(BrF3)2 by Materials Project

C4Te(BrF3)2 is Hg_xSn structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one C4Te(BrF3)2 cluster. there are eight inequivalent C+2.50+ sites. In the first C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two F1- atoms. Both C–F bond lengths are 1.33 Å. In the second C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two F1- atoms. Both C–F bond lengths are 1.33 Å. In the third C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Te2- and one F1- atom. The C–Te bond length is 2.16 Å. The C–F bond length is 1.35 Å. In the fourth C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two F1- atoms. There is one shorter (1.32 Å) and one longer (1.33 Å) C–F bond length. In the fifth C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two F1- atoms. There is one shorter (1.32 Å) and one longer (1.33 Å) C–F bond length. In the sixth C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Te2- and one F1- atom. The C–Te bond length is 2.16 Å. The C–F bond length is 1.36 Å. In the seventh C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Te2- and one F1- atom. The C–Te bond length is 2.15 Å. The C–F bond length is 1.35 Å. In the eighth C+2.50+ site, C+2.50+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Te2- and one F1- atom. The C–Te bond length is 2.16 Å. The C–F bond length is 1.35 Å. There are two inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two C+2.50+ and four Br1- atoms. There are a spread of Te–Br bond distances ranging from 2.66–3.49 Å. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two C+2.50+ and three Br1- atoms. There are a spread of Te–Br bond distances ranging from 2.62–3.26 Å. There are four inequivalent Br1- sites. In the first Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Te2- and three F1- atoms. There are a spread of Br–F bond distances ranging from 3.35–3.47 Å. In the second Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Te2- atom. In the third Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Te2- atom. In the fourth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Te2- and four F1- atoms. There are a spread of Br–F bond distances ranging from 3.34–3.56 Å. There are twelve inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ and one Br1- atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ and one Br1- atom. In the fourth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ and one Br1- atom. In the fifth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the sixth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ and one Br1- atom. In the seventh F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the eighth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ and one Br1- atom. In the ninth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the tenth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the eleventh F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ atom. In the twelfth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.50+ and two Br1- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuH8C2(N6Cl)2 by Materials Project

CuC2H8(N6Cl)2 is Hg_xSn structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two CuC2H8(N6Cl)2 clusters. Cu2+ is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to two equivalent N+1.33- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms. Both Cu–N bond lengths are 1.98 Å. Both Cu–Cl bond lengths are 2.34 Å. C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three N+1.33- atoms. There are a spread of C–N bond distances ranging from 1.33–1.36 Å. There are six inequivalent N+1.33- sites. In the first N+1.33- site, N+1.33- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two N+1.33- atoms. There is one shorter (1.37 Å) and one longer (1.39 Å) N–N bond length. In the second N+1.33- site, N+1.33- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cu2+, one C4+, and one N+1.33- atom. The N–N bond length is 1.36 Å. In the third N+1.33- site, N+1.33- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one N+1.33- and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the fourth N+1.33- site, N+1.33- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two N+1.33- atoms. The N–N bond length is 1.29 Å. In the fifth N+1.33- site, N+1.33- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two N+1.33- atoms. In the sixth N+1.33- site, N+1.33- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.33- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.33- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.33- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.33- atom. Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NiP2N2(O6F)2 by Materials Project

NiP2N2(O6F)2 is Hg_xSn structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two NiP2N2(O6F)2 clusters. Ni is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.00 Å. P is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to three O and one F atom. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.46–1.69 Å. The P–F bond length is 1.57 Å. N is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The N–O bond length is 1.30 Å. There are six inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one P and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.45 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one P and one N atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni and one O atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ni and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.30 Å. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ni and one O atom. F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗