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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

The status of the SNS external antenna ion source and spare RFQ test facility

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory operates the Spallation Neutron Source, consisting of a H{sup −} ion source, a 1 GeV linac and an accumulator ring. The accumulated <1 μs-long, ∼35 A beam pulses are extracted from the ring at 60 Hz and directed onto a liquid Hg target. Spalled neutrons are directed to ∼20 world class instruments. Currently, the facility operates routinely with ∼1.2 MW of average beam power, which soon will be raised to 1.4 MW. A future upgrade with a second target station calls for raising the power to 2.8 MW. This paper describes the status of two accelerator components expected to play important roles in achieving these goals: a recently acquired RFQ accelerator and the external antenna ion source. Currently, the RFQ is being conditioned in a newly constructed 2.5 MeV Integrated Test Facility (ITF) and the external antenna source is also being tested on a separate test stand. This paper presents the results of experiments and the testing of these systems.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2016

Status of ECR ion sources for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) (invited)

Ahead of the commissioning schedule, installation of the first Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source in the front end area of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beam (FRIB) is planned for the end of 2015. Operating at 14 GHz, this first ECR will be used for the commissioning and initial operation of the facility. In parallel, a superconducting magnet structure compatible with operation at 28 GHz for a new ECR ion source is in development at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The paper reviews the overall work in progress and development done with ECR ion sources for FRIB.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Ion source for tests of ion behavior in the Karlsruhe tritium neutrino experiment beam line

An electron-impact ion source based on photoelectron emission was developed for ionization of gases at pressures below 10{sup -4} mbar in an axial magnetic field in the order of 5 T. The ion source applies only dc fields, which makes it suitable for use in the presence of equipment sensitive to radio-frequency (RF) fields. The ion source was successfully tested under varying conditions regarding pressure, magnetic field, and magnetic-field gradient, and the results were studied with the help of simulations. The processes in the ion source are well understood, and possibilities for further optimization of generated ion currents are clarified.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

New tandem type ion source based on electron cyclotron resonance for universal source of synthesized ion beams

A new tandem type source has been constructed on the basis of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma for producing synthesized ion beams. We investigate feasibility and hope to realize the device which has wide range operation window in a single device to produce many kinds of ion beams based on ECR ion source (ECRIS). It is considered that ECR plasmas are necessary to be available to individual operations with different plasma parameters. Both of analysis of ion beams and investigation of plasma parameters are conducted on produced plasmas. We describe construction of the new tandem type ion source based on ECRIS with wide operation window for aiming at producing synthesized ion beams as this new source can be a universal source.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

A gas-jet transport and catcher technique for on-line production of radioactive ion beams using an electron cyclotron resonance ion-source

Radioactive ion beams (RIB) have been produced on-line, using a gas-jet recoil transport coupled Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion-source at the VECC-RIB facility. Radioactive atoms/molecules carried through the gas-jet were stopped in a catcher placed inside the ECR plasma chamber. A skimmer has been used to remove bulk of the carrier gas at the ECR entrance. The diffusion of atoms/molecules through the catcher has been verified off-line using stable isotopes and on-line through transmission of radioactive reaction products. Beams of {sup 14}O (71 s), {sup 42}K (12.4 h), {sup 43}K (22.2 h), and {sup 41}Ar (1.8 h) have been produced by bombarding nitrogen and argon gas targets with proton and alpha particle beams from the K130 cyclotron at VECC. Typical measured intensity of RIB at the separator focal plane is found to be a few times 10{sup 3} particles per second (pps). About 3.2 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 3} pps of 1.4 MeV {sup 14}O RIB has been measured after acceleration through a radiofrequency quadrupole linac. The details of the gas-jet coupled ECR ion-source and RIB production experiments are presented along with the plans for the future.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Reduction of beam current noise in the FNAL magnetron ion source

The new FNAL Injector Line with a circular dimple magnetron ion source has been operational since December of 2012. Since the new injector came on line there have been variations in the H- beam current flattop observed near the downstream end of the Linac. Several different cathode geometries including a hollow cathode suggested by Dudnikov [1] were tried. Previous studies also showed that different mixtures of hydrogen and nitrogen had an effect on beam current noise [2]. We expanded on those studies by trying mixtures ranging from (0.25% nitrogen, 99.75% hydrogen) to (3% nitrogen, 97% hydrogen). The results of these studies in our test stand will be presented in this paper.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Experimental results of a dual-beam ion source for 200 keV ion implanter

A dual beam ion source for 200 keV ion implanter aimed to produce 200 keV H{sub 2}{sup +} and He{sup +} beams simultaneously has been developed. Not suitable to use the analyzing magnet, the purity of beam extracted from the source becomes important to the performance of implanter. The performance of ion source was measured. The results of experiments show that the materials of inlet tube of ion source, the time of arc ionization in ion source, and the amount of gas flow have significant influence on the purity of beam. The measures by using copper as inlet tube material, long time of arc ionization, and increasing the inlet of gas flow could effectively reduce the impurity of beam. And the method using the gas mass flow controller to adjust the proportion of H{sub 2}{sup +} and He{sup +} is feasible.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2012

Development of electron beam ion source charge breeder for rare isotopes at Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade

Recently, the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) to the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) was commissioned and became available for production of rare isotopes. Currently, an electron cyclotron resonance ion source is used as a charge breeder for CARIBU beams. To further increase the intensity and improve the purity of neutron-rich ion beams accelerated by ATLAS, we are developing a high-efficiency charge breeder for CARIBU based on an electron beam ion source (EBIS). The CARIBU EBIS charge breeder will utilize the state-of-the-art EBIS technology recently developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The electron beam current density in the CARIBU EBIS trap will be significantly higher than that in existing operational charge-state breeders based on the EBIS concept. The design of the CARIBU EBIS charge breeder is nearly complete. Long-lead components of the EBIS such as a 6-T superconducting solenoid and an electron gun have been ordered with the delivery schedule in the fall of 2011. Measurements of expected breeding efficiency using the BNL Test EBIS have been performed using a Cs{sup +} surface ionization ion source for external injection in pulsed mode. In these experiments we have achieved {approx}70% injection/extraction efficiency and breeding efficiency into the most abundant charge state of {approx}17%.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Fluctuation of an ion beam extracted from an AC filament driven Bernas-type ion source

Argon ion beam fluctuation from an AC filament driven Bernas-type ion source is observed. The ion beam was measured by an 8 measurement elements beam profile monitor. The amplitude of the beam current fluctuation stayed in the same level from 100 Hz to 1 kHz of the filament heating frequency. The beam current fluctuation frequency measured by the beam profile monitor was equal to the frequency of the AC filament operation. The fluctuation amplitudes of the beam current by AC operation were less than 7% and were in the same level of the DC operation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Laser ion source for high brightness heavy ion beam

A laser ion source is known as a high current high charge state heavy ion source. But, we place great emphasis on the capability to realize a high brightness ion source. A laser ion source has a pinpoint small volume where materials are ionized and can achieve quite uniform low temperature ion beam. Those features may enable us to realize very small emittance beams. Furthermore, a low charge state high brightness laser ion source was successfully commissioned in Brookhaven National Laboratory in 2014. Now most of all the solid based heavy ions are being provided from the laser ion source for regular operation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

A look ahead: Status of the SNS external antenna ion source and the new RFQ test stand

The U.S. Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) now operates with ∼1 MW of beam power to target with the near-term goal of delivering 1.4 MW. Plans are being considered to incorporate a second target station into the facility which will require ∼2.8 MW of beam power. Presently, H{sup −} beam pulses (∼1 ms, 60 Hz) are produced by an RF-driven, Cs-enhanced, multi-cusp ion source which injects beam into an RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) accelerator that, in turn, feeds the SNS Linac. Currently the source/RFQ system delivers ∼35 mA of pulsed current to the linac which is mostly sufficient for 1.4 MW operations while ∼50 mA are needed for the second target station upgrade. This paper provides a look forward for the SNS by providing (i) the present and future SNS source/RFQ beam requirements and our plans to achieve these, (ii) a description and status of the external antenna ion source being developed for the replacement of the current internal antenna ion source, and (iii) a description and status of the newly constructed RFQ test facility.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Investigation on the electron flux to the wall in the VENUS ion source

The long-term operation of high charge state electron cyclotron resonance ion sources fed with high microwave power has caused damage to the plasma chamber wall in several laboratories. Porosity, or a small hole, can be progressively created in the chamber wall which can destroy the plasma chamber over a few year time scale. A burnout of the VENUS plasma chamber is investigated in which the hole formation in relation to the local hot electron power density is studied. First, the results of a simple model assuming that hot electrons are fully magnetized and strictly following magnetic field lines are presented. The model qualitatively reproduces the experimental traces left by the plasma on the wall. However, it is too crude to reproduce the localized electron power density for creating a hole in the chamber wall. Second, the results of a Monte Carlo simulation, following a population of scattering hot electrons, indicate a localized high power deposited to the chamber wall consistent with the hole formation process. Finally, a hypervapotron cooling scheme is proposed to mitigate the hole formation in electron cyclotron resonance plasma chamber wall.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Three-photon resonance ionization of atomic Mn in a hot-cavity laser ion source using Ti:sapphire lasers

Three-photon resonance ionization of atomic manganese (Mn) in a hot-cavity ion source using Ti:sapphire lasers has been demonstrated. Three-step ionization schemes employing different intermediate levels and Rydberg or autoionizing (AI) states in the final ionization step are established. Strong AI resonances were observed via the 3d 5 4s5s f 6 S 5/2 level at 49 415.35 cm -1 , while Rydberg transitions were reached from the 3d 5 4s4d e 6 D 9/2,7/2,5/2 levels at around 47 210 cm -1 . Analyses of the strong Rydberg transitions associated with the 3d 5 4s4d e 6 D 7/2 lower level indicate that they belong to the dipole-allowed 4d→nf 6 F° 9/2,7/2,5/2 series converging to the 3d 5 4s 7 S 3 ground state of Mn II. From this series, an ionization potential of 59 959.56 ± 0.01 cm -1 is obtained for Mn. At high ion source temperatures the semi-forbidden 4d→nf 8 F° 9/2,7/2,5/2 series was also observed. The overall ionization efficiency for Mn has been measured to be about 0.9% when using the strong AI transition in the third excitation step and 0.3% when employing an intense Rydberg transition. Ultimately, our experimental data indicate that the ionization efficiency was limited by the interaction of Mn atoms with ion source materials at high temperatures.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Simulation of diatomic gas-wall interaction and accommodation coefficients for negative ion sources and accelerators

Particle-wall interactions determine in different ways the operating conditions of plasma sources, ion accelerators, and beams operating in vacuum. For instance, a contribution to gas heating is given by ion neutralization at walls; beam losses and stray particle production—detrimental for high current negative ion systems such as beam sources for fusion—are caused by collisional processes with residual gas, with the gas density profile that is determined by the scattering of neutral particles at the walls. This paper shows that Molecular Dynamics (MD) studies at the nano-scale can provide accommodation parameters for gas-wall interactions, such as the momentum accommodation coefficient and energy accommodation coefficient: in non-isothermal flows (such as the neutral gas in the accelerator, coming from the plasma source), these affect the gas density gradients and influence efficiency and losses in particular of negative ion accelerators. For ideal surfaces, the computation also provides the angular distribution of scattered particles. Classical MD method has been applied to the case of diatomic hydrogen molecules. Single collision events, against a frozen wall or a fully thermal lattice, have been simulated by using probe molecules. Different modelling approximations are compared.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2016

Behavior of moving plasma in solenoidal magnetic field in a laser ion source

In a laser ion source, a solenoidal magnetic field is useful to guide the plasma and to control the extracted beam current. However, the behavior of the plasma drifting in the magnetic field has not been well understood. Therefore, to investigate the behavior, we measured the plasma ion current and the total charge within a single pulse in the solenoid by changing the distance from the entrance of the solenoid to a detector. We observed that the decrease of the total charge along the distance became smaller as the magnetic field became larger and then the charge became almost constant with a certain magnetic flux density. The results indicate that the transverse spreading speed of the plasma decreased with increasing the field and the plasma was confined transversely with the magnetic flux density. We found that the reason of the confinement was not magnetization of ions but an influence induced by electrons.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2012

Design of the injection beamline for the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade electron beam ion source charge breeder

The design of the ion injection line connecting the electron beam ion source (EBIS) charge breeder and the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade radio frequency quadrupole cooler-buncher at the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System was investigated with particle tracking simulations. The injection line was configured to accommodate several differential pumping sections, individual optical components were optimized to minimize emittance growth, and the ion beam parameters were matched with the EBIS electron beam acceptance to minimize losses upon injection.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Equivalent equilibrium ion distributions in ion sources and beams

Ion sources and ion beams often contain ions of more than one charge-to-mass ratio, due to the presence of multiple ionization states and/or multiple atomic and molecular ion species in the source. We show that, under certain conditions, analysis of these systems can be simplified using the notion of “equivalent equilibrium ion distributions” (EEIDs). These distributions have identical ion trajectories, space-charge distributions, and electric-field distributions, but can be composed of ion species with arbitrary charge-to-mass ratios. We use this result to obtain multi-species generalizations for the perveance of an ion diode, which relates the diode voltage to the extracted beam current, and for the perveance of a drifting ion beam, which determines the axial length-scale for beam expansion due to the self-electric field. Applied to a quasi-neutral plasma ion source containing cold ions and hot electrons, we find that the location of the beam-plasma interface (meniscus), where ions are extracted from the plasma, depends on the electron density and ion energy per unit charge at the interface, independent of the ion composition. For certain types of numerical simulations, EEIDs allow one to calculate the beam optics of an intense multi-species ion source by doing a simulation for a single ion species with an artificial charge-to-mass ratio chosen to minimize computation time. We illustrate these results using the 3D particle-in-cell, finite-element code Aleph. The simulations show how ions in a plasma source self-consistently accelerate to the supersonic speed needed for steady, radially expanding flow. Multi-species equilibria are subject to streaming instabilities because, while the different species have the same kinetic energy per unit charge, their velocities scale with the square root of the charge-to-mass ratio. The simulations show that a strong ion streaming instability can occur in a multi-species plasma ion source.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Design of target irradiation and diagnostic chamber to study ps-laser generated plasma as a source of singly charged ions for external injection into an electron beam ion source

High repetition-rate (~10 kHz) ps-lasers are becoming available on the market with reasonable cost and may offer several advantages compared to ns-lasers by generating nearly continuous beams of singly charged ions appropriate for the “slow” injection mode into the Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS). To evaluate these advantages, we will perform studies of a ps-laser generated plasma using a laser with a pulse duration of 8 ps and energy up to 5 mJ per pulse. A vacuum chamber equipped with a 3D target positioner, a focusing lens, and a Faraday Cup has been designed and built for this study. Lens-to-target distance variations have been measured using a laser tracker over the whole range of horizontal and vertical translation for all five targets we will use. The variations were found to be within ±150 µm. This level of “target flatness” should be acceptable for our experimental conditions. Ion currents and ion pulse durations of various elements (from Al to Ta) will be measured for different target irradiation conditions (focal spot size and laser pulse energy). The results obtained will allow us to specify all parameters and geometry of a laser ion source based on a ps-laser to provide external ion injection into the relativistic heavy ion collider EBIS

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗