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At least 73 records · Page 4

Progress on the R-matrix Analysis for the n+ 181 Ta Evaluation [Slides]

This presentation discusses how nuclear data evaluations can influence the accuracy of computational nuclear design calculations. It also discusses the motivation for a new evaluation of 181 Ta. The goals of the evaluations are to generate a set of resonance parameters in the Resolved Resonance Region (RRR) that extends up to 2.6 keV, to generate a set of average resonance parameters in the Unresolved Resonance Region (URR) up to 100 keV (derived from the RRR parameters), and to generate covariance information for both RRR and URR. The presentation discusses how several different experimental data sets will be fit simultaneously in the evaluation of 181 Ta. It states that the level density of 181 Ta can make R-matrix fitting a challenge as the width of the levels increase with energy (as well as decreasing experimental resolution) and the measured resonances can overlap. The presentation concludes by discussing R-matrix analysis and covariance information as the latter is important when propagated to quantify the uncertainty on output responses of nuclear design calculations such as the multiplication factor k .

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗

Primary $\gamma$-ray intensities and $\gamma$-strength functions from discrete two-step $\gamma$-ray cascades in radiative proton-capture experiments

Background: Reaction rates of radiative capture reactions can play a crucial role in the nucleosynthesis of heavy nuclei in explosive stellar environments. These reaction rates depend strongly on $\gamma$-ray decay widths in the reaction products, which are, for nonresonant capture reactions at high excitation energies, derived from the $\gamma$-ray strength function and the nuclear level density. Recently, the ratio method was applied to primary $\gamma$ rays observed from ($\textit{d, p}$) reactions and nuclear resonance fluorescence measurements to extract the dipole strength in atomic nuclei and to test the generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to apply the ratio method to primary $\gamma$-ray intensities of the 63,65 Cu($\textit{p},\gamma$) reactions to extract $\gamma$-ray strength information on the nuclei 64,66 Zn. Here, the impact of spin distribution, total $\gamma$-ray decay widths, level densities, and width fluctuations on the application of the ratio method will be discussed. Additionally, by comparing the relative $\gamma$-ray strength at different excitation energies, conclusions on the validity of the generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis can be made. Method: The radiative proton capture reaction measurements have been performed at the HORUS $\gamma$-ray spectrometer of the University of Cologne at one excitation energy for each reaction. Primary $\gamma$-ray intensities have been determined by normalizing secondary $\gamma$-ray transitions in two-step cascades using their absolute branching ratio. The ratio method was applied to the measured primary $\gamma$-ray intensities as well as to previous measurements by Erlandsson et al. at different excitation energies. Results: The relative strength function curve for 64 Zn from our measurement shows no significant deviation from the previous measurement at a different excitation energy. The same is true for 66 Zn where both measurements were at almost the same excitation energy. Absolute $\gamma$-strength function values have been obtained by normalizing the relative curves to quasiparticle random phase approximation calculations because of the absence of experimental data in the respective energy region. Conclusion: The generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis, i.e., the independence of the strength function on the excitation energy, seems to hold in the studied energy region and nuclei. The method to obtain primary $\gamma$-ray intensities from two-step cascade spectra was shown to be a valuable and sensitive tool although its uncertainties are connected to the knowledge of the low-energy level scheme of the investigated nucleus. The scaling in the ratio method should be taken with care, because the relative strength is not a simple sum of $f_{E1}$ and $f_{M1}$ but a somewhat complex linear combination dependent on the excitation energy of the nucleus.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Impact of alternative transmission coeffcient parameterizations on Hauser-Feshbach theory

Here, we investigate different formulations of the transmission coefficient T c , including the form implied by Moldauer’s “sum rule for resonance reactions” and the Moldauer-Simonius form. Within these different formulations, we compute the neutron transmission coefficients in the resolved and unresolved resonance regions, allowing a direct comparison with the transmission coefficients computed using an optical model potential. For nuclei for which there are no measured resonances, these approaches allow one to predict the average neutron resonance parameters directly from the optical model and level densities. Some of the approaches are valid in both the strong and weak coupling limits (i.e., any value of the average width and mean level spacing). Finally, both the Moldauer-Simonius and Moldauer’s Sum Rule forms approaches suggest that superradiance, that is, the quantum chaotic enhancement of certain channels, may be a common phenomena in nuclear collisions. Our results suggest why superradiance has been previously overlooked. We apply our approach to neutron reactions on the closed shell 90 Zr nucleus and the mid-shell 197 Au nucleus.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

A Digital Three Level Space Vector Modulator for High Frequency Vector Sequence Generation

This letter proposes a digital high-speed three-level space vector pulse width modulator (3L-SVPWM). A conventional 3L-SVPWM is typically computation-based, involving a sequential execution of sub-tasks on a digital signal processor (DSP) based controller. The resulting high computation time of 5.4 μs limits the implementation of additional control blocks for switching frequencies greater than 100 kHz. This is overcome by transforming sub-tasks into digital blocks with 1-0 decisions and simpler arithmetic operations. The sub-task blocks are executed concurrently on a programmable logic device (PLD). Hence, a fast 3L-SVPWM execution in 140 ns is achieved. The proposed digital 3L-SVPWM enables high switching frequency operation of wide bandgap (WBG) device-based 3 L inverters to generate high fundamental frequency waveforms. A finite state machine is an integral part of the proposed implementation with the ability to generate any vector sequence, maximizing the usage of redundant vector states in 3L-SVPWM. Here, the proposed digital 3L-SVPWM operation is demonstrated with a GaN-based 3 L active neutral point clamped (3L-ANPC) inverter. Experimental results are presented at 250 kHz switching frequency to generate vector sequences for center-aligned SVPWM (CA-SVPWM) and common mode voltage reduced SVPWM (CMVR-SVPWM). The results also showcase a high fundamental frequency generation capability of 10 kHz.

active neutral point clamped inverter↗

Antenna induced range smearing in MST radars

There is considerable interest in developing stratosphere troposphere (ST) and mesosphere stratosphere troposphere (MST) radars for higher resolution to study small-scale turbulent structures and waves. At present most ST and MST radars have resolutions of 150 meters or larger, and are not able to distinguish the thin (40 - 100 m) turbulent layers that are known to occur in the troposphere and stratosphere, and possibly in the mesosphere. However the antenna beam width and sidelobe level become important considerations for radars with superior height resolution. The objective of this paper is to point out that for radars with range resolutions of about 150 meters or less, there may be significant range smearing of the signals from mesospheric altitudes due to the finite beam width of the radar antenna. At both stratospheric and mesospheric heights the antenna sidelobe level for lear equally spaced phased arrays may also produce range aliased signals. To illustrate this effect the range smearing functions for two vertically directed antennas have been calculated, (1) an array of 32 coaxial-collinear strings each with 48 elements that simulates the vertical beam of the Poker Flat, Glaska, MST radar; and (2) a similar, but smaller, array of 16 coaxial-collinear strings each with 24 elements.

Watkins, B. J.↗

Meterwavelength single-pulse polarimetric emission survey

We have conducted the Meterwavelength Single-pulse Polarimetric Emission Survey to study the radio emission properties of normal pulsars. A total of 123 pulsars with periods between 0.1 and 8.5 s were observed in the survey at two different frequencies: 105 profiles at 333 MHz, 118 profiles at 618 MHz, and 100 pulsars at both. In this work we concentrate primarily on the time-averaged properties of the pulsar emission. The measured widths of the pulsar profiles in our sample usually exhibit the radius-to-frequency mapping. We validate the existence of lower bounds for the distribution of profile widths with pulsar period (P), which is seen for multiple definitions of the width, namely, a lower boundary line (LBL) at 2.°7P {sup −0.5} with width measured at 50% level of profile peak, an LBL at 5.°7 P {sup −0.5} for 10% level of peak, and an LBL at 6.°3P {sup −0.5} for width defined as 5σ above the baseline level. In addition, we have measured the degree of linear polarization in the average profile of pulsars and confirmed their dependence on pulsar spin-down energy loss ( E-dot ). The single-pulse polarization data show interesting trends, with the polarization position angle (PPA) distribution exhibiting the simple rotating vector model for high- E-dot pulsars, while the PPA becomes more complex for medium- and low- E-dot pulsars. The single-pulse total intensity data are useful for studying a number of emission properties from pulsars like subpulse drifting, nulling, and mode changing, which are being explored in separate works.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Bounding the Higgs width at the LHC using full analytic results for $gg → e^- e^+ \mu^- \mu^+$

We revisit the hadronic production of the four-lepton final state, e – e + μ – μ + , through the fusion of initial state gluons. This process is mediated by loops of quarks and we provide first full analytic results for helicity amplitudes that account for both the effects of the quark mass in the loop and off-shell vector bosons. The analytic results have been implemented in the Monte Carlo program MCFM and are both fast, and numerically stable in the region of low Z transverse momentum. We use our results to study the interference between Higgs-mediated and continuum production of four-lepton final states, which is necessary in order to obtain accurate theoretical predictions outside the Higgs resonance region. We have confirmed and extended a recent analysis of Caola and Melnikov that proposes to use a measurement of the off-shell region to constrain the total width of the Higgs boson. Using a simple cut-and-count method, existing LHC data should bound the width at the level of 25-45 times the Standard Model expectation. We investigate the power of using a matrix element method to construct a kinematic discriminant to sharpen the constraint. Furthermore, in our analysis the bound on the Higgs width is improved by a factor of about 1.6 using a simple cut on the MEM discriminant, compared to an invariant mass cut μ 4l > 300 GeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

The study of the structure of the electronic states of the FeGa{sub 3} and RuGa{sub 3} compounds by optical spectroscopy method

Investigations of the optical properties of intermetallic compounds FeGa{sub 3} and RuGa{sub 3} in the wavelength range of 0.22−14 μm have been conducted. The spectra of the interband light absorption are interpreted based on comparative analysis of calculated and experimental dispersion dependences of optical conductivity. Experimental data confirm the existence of the energy gaps at the Fermi level with a width of ~0.6 eV in the density of states of these materials, which was previously predicted in the band calculations.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Multispace quantum interference in a {sup 57}Fe synchrotron Moessbauer source

A physical picture for coherent emission of {gamma} rays by a nuclear array excited with synchrotron radiation is given. The particular case of a pure nuclear Bragg reflection from the {sup 57}FeBO{sub 3} crystal is analyzed. During free de-excitation of the nuclei, a nuclear exciton polariton is developing inside the crystal and generates at the exit of the crystal a coherent {gamma}-ray beam. In the crystal the nuclear levels of {sup 57}Fe are split because of a combined magnetic and electric interaction. The rich picture of {gamma}-ray interference is described, which involves geometrical space, energy, and spin domains. In the vicinity of the Neel temperature of the crystal the magnetic splitting of nuclear levels nearly collapses. These conditions lead to drastic changes in the angular, energy, and temporal properties of the emitted radiation. The emission angular function, which in the approximation of a plane incident wave represents the emission intensity for different angular settings of the crystal near Bragg angle, strongly broadens and transforms to a double-hump structure with a central dip between the peaks. The energy and temporal distributions of the emitted radiation crucially depend upon the crystal angular setting. Beyond the central dip, the energy distribution of nuclear scattering acquires a complicated form with several satellites at various energies. In contrast, at the exact angular position of the central dip, the energy spectrum exhibits a single line shape with the line width close to the natural width of the nuclear resonance. The obtained results constitute the theoretical basis for the understanding and for the further elaboration of the {sup 57}Fe synchrotron Moessbauer source--the device that provides a collimated beam of intense and polarized {gamma} radiation in an energy bandwidth of nanoelectronvolts, the nuclear resonance natural level width.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Generation of high-power nanosecond pulses from laser diode-pumped Nd:YAG lasers

Simulation results are used to compare the pulse energy levels and pulse energy widths that can be achieved with LD-pumped Nd:YAG lasers for both the pulse-transmission mode (PTM) and pulse-reflection mode (PRM) Q-switching methods for pulse energy levels up to hundreds of microjoules and pulse widths as short as 1 ns. It is shown that high-power pulses with pulse widths as short as 1 ns can be generated with PTM Q-switched in LD-pumped Nd:YAG lasers. With the PRM Q-switching method, pulse widths as short as 2 ns and pulse energy at the level of a few hundred microjoules can also be achieved but require pumping with 8-10-mJ AlGaAs laser diode arrays.

Chan, Kinpui↗

Cell dark current–voltage from non-calibrated module electroluminescence image analysis

Here, we present a fast, accurate, and reliable method of obtaining cell dark current–voltage (I–V) curves from module electroluminescence (EL) images without requiring calibration or correction. For a pristine module, EL-derived dark I–V are compared to directly probed data for a variety of changing imaging parameters: camera sensor, lens, filter, aperture width, exposure time (level of sensor saturation), number of images used, and various combinations of these. Pristine modules and those experiencing different modes and degrees of degradation are examined. A recent study of modules using five different cell technologies demonstrates the practicality of our “EL sweep” technique for performance and degradation studies.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

Lasing on the D lines of sodium pumped by free{yields}free transitions of Na-Xe collision pairs

Lasing on the D{sub 1} and D{sub 2} lines of Na (589.6 and 589.0 nm, respectively) has been generated simultaneously by photoexciting free{yields}free transitions of thermal Na-Xe collision pairs. Pumping the blue satellite of the Na D{sub 2} line in Na/Xe mixtures ({lambda} Almost-Equal-To 560 nm) selectively interacts with Na-Xe pairs having an instantaneous internuclear separation of {approx}5 A and culminates in the population of both Na (3{sup 2}P{sub J}) fine structure levels. The spectral width of the laser excitation spectrum is 1.3 nm (centered at 560.1 nm) and the 3{sup 2}P{sub 3/2}{yields}3{sup 2}S{sub 1/2} (D{sub 2}) laser linewidth was measured to be 9.2 {+-} 0.6 GHz, which is consistent with a coefficient of 18.4 MHz/Torr for broadening of the D{sub 2} 589.0 nm transition by Xe.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Tunnel transport and interlayer excitons in bilayer fractional quantum Hall systems

In a bilayer system consisting of a composite-fermion Fermi sea in each layer, the tunnel current is exponentially suppressed at zero bias, followed by a strong peak at a finite bias voltage V max . This behavior, which is qualitatively different from that observed for the electron Fermi sea, provides fundamental insight into the strongly correlated non-Fermi liquid nature of the CF Fermi sea and, in particular, offers a window into the short-distance high-energy physics of this highly non-trivial state. We identify the exciton responsible for the peak current and provide a quantitative account of the value of V max . The excitonic attraction is shown to be quantitatively significant, and its variation accounts for the increase of V max with the application of an in-plane magnetic field. Here, we also estimate the critical Zeeman energy where transition occurs from a fully spin polarized composite fermion Fermi sea to a partially spin polarized one, carefully incorporating corrections due to finite width and Landau level mixing, and find it to be in satisfactory agreement with the Zeeman energy where a qualitative change has been observed for the onset bias voltage. For fractional quantum Hall states, we predict a substantial discontinuous jump in V max when the system undergoes a transition from a fully spin polarized state to a spin singlet or a partially spin polarized state.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Population of the giant pairing vibration

Background: We present that the giant pairing vibration (GPV), a correlated two-nucleon mode in the second shell above the Fermi surface, has long been predicted and expected to be strongly populated in two-nucleon transfer cross sections similar to those of the normal pairing vibration. Recent experiments have provided evidence for this mode in 14,15 C but, despite sensitive studies, it has not been definitively identified in either Sn or Pb nuclei where pairing correlations are known to play a crucial role. Purpose: Our aim is to test whether features inherent to the mixing of bound and unbound levels might account for this and to study the effect in a simple and intuitively clear approach. Method: We study the mixing of unbound levels in a set of toy models that capture the essential physics of the GPV, along with a more realistic calculation including distorted-wave Born approximation transfer amplitudes. Results: The calculated (relative) cross section to populate a simulated GPV state is effectively low, compared to the case of bound levels with no widths Conclusions: The mixing turns out to be only a minor contributor to the weak population. Rather, the main reason is the melting of the GPV peak due to the width it acquires from the low orbital angular momentum single-particle states playing a dominant role in two-nucleon transfer amplitudes. Lastly, this effect, in addition to a severe Q-value mismatch, may account for the elusive nature of this mode in (t,p) and (p,t) reactions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Supersoft SUSY models and the 750 GeV diphoton excess, beyond effective operators

In this work, we propose that the sbino, the scalar partner of a Dirac bino can explain the 750 GeV diphoton excess observed by ATLAS and CMS . We analyze a model in which the sbino couples to pairs of Standard Model (SM) gauge bosons. We analyze an effective operator model, as well as a completion in which the sbino couples to pairs of gauge bosons through loops of heavy sfermions. We find that the sbino may be given an appreciable decay width through tree level coupling in the Higgs or Higgsino sector and additionally fit the 750 GeV excess by considering gluon fusion processes with decay to diphotons.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Quantum Phase Diagram and Spontaneously Emergent Topological Chiral Superconductivity in Doped Triangular-Lattice Mott Insulators

The topological superconducting state is a highly sought-after quantum state hosting topological order and Majorana excitations. Here, in this Letter, we explore the mechanism to realize the topological superconductivity (TSC) in the doped Mott insulators with time-reversal symmetry (TRS). Through large-scale density matrix renormalization group study of an extended triangular-lattice t–J model on the six- and eight-leg cylinders, we identify a d + id-wave chiral TSC with spontaneous TRS breaking, which is characterized by a Chern number C=2 and quasi-long-range superconducting order. We map out the quantum phase diagram with by tuning the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) electron hopping and spin interaction. In the weaker NNN-coupling regime, we identify a pseudogaplike phase with a charge stripe order coexisting with fluctuating superconductivity, which can be tuned into d -wave superconductivity by increasing the doping level and system width. The TSC emerges in the intermediate-coupling regime, which has a transition to a d-wave superconducting phase with larger NNN couplings. The emergence of the TSC is driven by geometrical frustrations and hole dynamics which suppress spin correlation and charge order, leading to a topological quantum phase transition.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Electron mobilities in isomorphic In{sub 0.53}Ga{sub 0.47}As quantum wells on InP substrates

The influence of the doping level, illumination, and width of isomorphic In{sub 0.52}Al{sub 0.48}As/In{sub 0.53}Ga{sub 0.47}As/In{sub 0.52}Al{sub 0.48}As quantum wells grown on InP substrates on the electron mobility is studied. The persistent photoconductivity at low temperatures is found. Band diagrams are calculated and optimal parameters are found for obtaining the maximum electron mobility. The quantum and transport electron mobilities in dimensional quantization subbands are obtained from the Shubnikov-de Haas effect. The electron mobilities are calculated in dimensional quantization subbands upon scattering by ionized impurities taking intersubband transitions into account. Scattering by ionized impurities in samples studied is shown to be dominant at low temperatures.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗