Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “LiV(OF)2”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

58 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Environmental life cycle assessment methods applied to amine-ionic liquid hybrid CO 2 absorbents

A hybrid solvent mixture of triethyl(octyl)phosphonium cyanopyrrolide [P2228][2-CNPyr] and aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) has the potential for absorbing CO 2 from post combustion flue gas. However, previous studies have found that the production of phosphonium based ionic liquids (IL) had significantly higher potential environmental impacts compared to MEA. Literature attributes these higher environmental impacts to the phosphine and phosgene-based intermediates required to produce the phosphonium ion of the ionic liquid. This study proposes a novel synthesis pathway that eliminates the need for phosphine and phosgene intermediates in the production of [P2228][2-CNPyr]. The environmental impacts of producing 1kg of the ionic liquid through this novel synthesis route was evaluated using the TRACI 2.1 methodology within the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. Additionally, the environmental impacts for the production of 1kg of a hybrid solvent was also evaluated and compared against MEA. The life cycle inventory for the production of the IL and its hybrid solvent were calculated based on the stoichiometry and then scaled up. This study found that the IL and its hybrid solvents had higher environmental impacts among 9 of the 10 environmental impact categories calculated by the TRACI 2.1 methodology, except for the ecotoxicity potential. A sensitivity analysis indicated that these solvents were more sensitive to the assumptions of the material requirements of the phosphonium cation than the overall energy or transportation requirements. Despite this sensitivity, both the solvents demonstrated a lower Ecotoxicity Potential compared to MEA, the rest of the environmental impacts were still found to be higher than that of MEA, thereby underscoring the need to investigate novel synthesis routes for the production of phosphonium cation. The uncertainty analysis performed confirmed the findings that the IL has a higher environmental impact potentials across all categories except ecotoxicity potential. The uncertainty analysis also confirms that the phosphonium cation is a major hotspot in production route of these solvents and a source of uncertainty in the model compared to the anion. Altogether, this study underscores the need for investigating novel green chemistry pathway for the synthesis of phosphonium based ionic liquids, such as [P2228][2-CNPyr], to ensure that the these ILs can be a truly green alternative to MEA by not only offering superior CO₂ capture capacity compared to MEA but also being sustainably produced.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiV(PO3)4 by Materials Project

LiV(PO3)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.88 Å) and one longer (2.09 Å) Li–O bond length. V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.07 Å. There are four inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 43°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one VO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 59°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.62 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one VO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 48°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.62 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 43°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2014

Meteorological Aspects of Two Modes of Lightning Triggered Upward Lightning (LTUL) Events in Sprite-Producing MCSs

During the 2013 convective storm season, a high resolution 3-D Lightning Mapping Array was deployed to north central Kansas (Cummins et al, this conference.) In conjunction with fixed and mobile camera systems and electric field mills, this allowed for detailed investigations of lightning induced upward lighting (LTUL) discharges from tall objects in the region, including wind turbines. Also, concurrent observations using a network of low-light cameras deployed over the central U.S. as part of the PhOCAL program detected transient luminous events (TLEs) above the Kansas LMA (KSLMA). During the night of 29-30 May 2013, waves of precipitation associated with several large MCSs traversing Kansas moved through the KSLMA domain. We focus on two LTUL events that exemplify two modes of upward lightning production from tall structures. At 0859Z, 30 May 2013, a nearby + 92 kA CG, with extensive in-cloud branching passing overhead a wind farm, was followed by complex LTUL discharges from four turbines. In addition, a sprite was confirmed by the Bennett, CO SpriteNet camera. The parent flash covered a very large area. It initiated near the MCS convective leading line ~150 km to the south, and traveled into a stratiform precipitation maximum over the KSLMA. Typically when a +CG precedes an LTUL, the triggering component is either 1) the return stroke that traverses the leader network which initially forms near the towers or 2) new negative leader activity that develops once the return stroke reaches the end of the initial leader network that may not have initially been near the tower. In the latter case, the new leader development passes near the towers and triggers upward positive leaders similar to those associated with only an intracloud flash. The +CG return stroke may hit >10 km from the towers and the new leader development may travel extensive distances before getting close enough to the towers to trigger upward lightning. In this case, there was the typical long delay between the +CG return stroke and LTUL initiation (10s to 100s of ms). The parent lightning discharges for both sprites and LTULs have many common aspects and tend to occur in similar meteorological regimes, with the two phenomena often occurring together. An earlier LUTL, at 2320Z, 29 May 2013 was captured at 9900 fps by a Phantom camera in the PhOCAL mobile Lightning Investigation Vehicle (LIV). This discharge, exhibiting numerous recoil leaders, also occurred in a stratiform region some ~50-100 km north of an MCS convective core. While there was no preceding +CG, there was an extensive network of IC channels, one of which passed overhead close to the turbine. These observations are consistent with the ongoing UPLIGHTS studies of LTULs from tall towers in Rapid City. While a +CG is usually involved (~85% of the time), the LTUL occurs because of the associated extensive in cloud components passing over towers. The earlier case without a +CG typifies this second mode where the triggering component is a negative leader associated with the IC activity passing near the towers initiates the upward positive leaders. We will discuss the parent discharges, shown in their meteorological (radar and satellite) context, and attempt to better understand the charge structures present in both the convective and stratiform regions of the MCS. The sprite and its relationship to the parent discharge will similarly be discussed

Lyons, W. A.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiV(PO3)4 by Materials Project

LiV(PO3)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.20 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.33 Å. There are two inequivalent V3+ sites. In the first V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.09 Å. In the second V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.08 Å. There are eight inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two VO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–49°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.59 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two VO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 11–40°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.65 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two VO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–42°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.60 Å. In the fifth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.65 Å. In the sixth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two VO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–45°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.60 Å. In the seventh P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two VO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–39°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.59 Å. In the eighth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two VO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 39–45°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.59 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗