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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1995

Measuring Pixel-Position Errors On CCD Imagers

Deviations of positions of pixels on charge-coupled-device (CCD) image detector from nominal rectangular grid pattern measured by method in which coherent-light interference fringes used as reference pattern. Conceived for use in determining pixel-position errors in astrometric cameras flown aboard spacecraft. Also applied to determination of similar errors in (and calibration of) terrestrial CCD cameras used as position sensors; for example, position-measuring cameras that are parts of robotic systems.

Shaklan, Stuart B.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Airborne antenna pattern calculations

Progress on the development of modeling software, testing software against caclulated data from program VPAP and measured patterns, and calculating roll plane patterns for general aviation aircraft is reported. Major objectives are the continued development of computer software for aircraft modeling and use of this software and program OSUVOL to calculate principal plane and volumetric radiation patterns. The determination of proper placement of antennas on aircraft to meet the requirements of the Microwave Landing System is discussed. An overview of the performed work, and an example of a roll plane model for the Piper PA-31T Cheyenne aircraft and the resulting calculated roll plane radiation pattern are included.

Knerr, T. J.↗
NASA NTRS1995

High Power Amplifier Harmonic Output Level Measurement

A method is presented for the measurement of the harmonic output power of high power klystron amplifiers, involving coherent hemispherical radiation pattern measurements of the radiated klystron output. Results are discussed for the operation in saturated and unsaturated conditions, and with a waveguide harmonic filter included.

klystron amplifiers harmonic output power measurem↗
NASA NTRS1994

Low-Flow-Rate Dry-Powder Feeder

Apparatus feeds small, precise flow of dry powder through laser beam of optical analyzer, measuring patterns of light created by forward scattering (Fraunhofer diffraction) of laser beam from powder particles. From measurement, statistical distribution of sizes of powder particles computed. Developed for analyzing particle-size distributions of solid-propellant powders. Also adapted to use in pharmaceutical industry, in manufacture of metal powder, and in other applications in which particle-size distributions of materials used to control rates of chemical reactions and/or physical characteristics of processes.

Ramsey, Keith E.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Gain calibration of a horn antenna using pattern integration

Gain measurement of a horn antenna using three different techniques is discussed. The methods include a two-antenna insertion loss measurement, a pattern integration method, and a near-field measurement method. The application of the pattern integration method is considered, as well as the evaluation of the near-field gain correction factors for the horn, which are determined by a method based directly on measured data. This method involves a spherical wave expansion of the experimental radiation pattern of the specific antenna being tested, rather than evaluation of an assumed analytical model. The spherical wave expansion is also compared to experimental near-field pattern data.

Ludwig, A. C.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Low-Flow-Rate Dry-Powder Feeder

Apparatus feeds small, precise flow of dry powder through laser beam of optical analyzer measuring patterns of light created by forward scattering (Fraunhofer diffraction) of laser beam from powder particles. From this optical measurement, statistical distribution of sizes of powder particles computed. Rates of flow optimized for measurement of particle-size distributions. Developed for analyzing particle-size distributions of solid-propellant powders. Also adapted to pharmaceutical industry, in manufacture of metal powder, and in other applications where particle-size distributions of materials used to control rates of chemical reactions and/or physical characteristics of processes.

Ramsey, Keith E.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Lithographic spiral antennas at short wavelengths

We have extended the high efficiency of lithographic antennas to mid-infrared wavelengths. Pattern measurements made at 9.5/zm wavelength on a 65 deg, self-complementary, spiral antenna exhibit a ratio of response to orthogonal linear polarizations of 1.35 dB, a beamwidth of 85 deg (3 dB full width), a directivity of 8.2 dB, and surprisingly, a close resemblance to the theoretical pattern for a 65 deg spiral in free space. Direct detection measurements made with an ambient temperature blackbody source yield an antenna efficiency of 52 +/- 7 percent, when corrected for incomplete filling of the antenna beam by the source, at a mean effective wavelength of 19 micron.

Grossman, E. N.↗
NASA NTRS1975

One-third scale model of an offset fed scanning antenna for the shuttle imaging microwave system

An experimental study is reported, involving the design, fabrication, and measurement of a one-third scale model of the 4m diameter parabolic torus reflector with a Gregorian feed for the SIMS application. Antenna pattern measurements of the model at 60 and 30 GHz are presented to verify the predictions of a geometrical optics analysis upon which the antenna design was based. It is shown that the antenna measurements bear out the geometrical optics analysis in every respect and that the Gregorian subreflector feed is usable at all frequencies above at least 10 Ghz in the full size SIMS antenna. The fabrication of the model antenna is discussed, including a computerized technique for fabricating the transcendental subreflector shape with a numerically controlled machine.

Gustincic, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The Seasat scanning multichannel microwave radiometer /SMMR/ - Instrument description and performance

The scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) is an imaging 5-frequency radiometer flown on the Seasat and Nimbus-7 earth satellites launched in 1978. It measures dual-polarized microwave radiances from the earth's atmosphere and surface, primarily for the purpose of deriving global and nearly all-weather measurements of sea surface temperature, wind speed, and atmospheric liquid water and water vapor. This paper describes the SMMR instrument and its calibration, antenna pattern measurements, and data processing procedures. Analysis of early data from the Seasat SMMR shows that the expected engineering performance in flight was achieved, and the measurement of sea surface temperature and wind speed with accuracies of 1.5 K and 2 m/s, respectively, may be achievable once the geophysical data processing algorithms and analysis have been completed.

Njoku, E. G.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Experimental Analysis of Steady-State Maneuvering Effects on Transmission Vibration Patterns Recorded in an AH-1 Cobra Helicopter

Flight experiment was designed primarily to determine the extent to which steady-state maneuvers influence characteristic vibration patterns measured at the input pinion and output annulus gear locations of the main transmission. If results were to indicate that maneuvers systematically influence vibration patterns, more extensive studies would be planned to explore the response surface. It was also designed to collect baseline data for comparison with experimental data to be recorded at a later date from test stands at Glenn Research Center. Finally, because this was the first vibration flight study on the Cobra aircraft, considerable energy was invested in developing an in-flight recording apparatus, as well as exploring acceleration mounting methods, and generally learning about the overall vibratory characteristics of the aircraft itself.

Huff, Edward M.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Spatial Heterogeneity in CO2, CH4, and Energy Fluxes: Insights from Airborne Eddy Covariance Measurements Over the Mid-Atlantic Region

The exchange of carbon between the Earth’s atmosphere and biosphere influences the atmospheric abundances of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Airborne eddy covariance can quantify surface-atmosphere exchange from landscape-to-regional scales, offering a unique perspective on carbon cycle dynamics. We use extensive airborne measurements to quantify fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2, and CH4across multiple ecosystems in the Mid-Atlantic region during September 2016 and May 2017. In conjunction with footprint analysis and land cover information, we use the airborne dataset to explore the effects of landscape heterogeneity on measured fluxes. Our results demonstrate large variability in CO2 uptake over mixed agricultural and forested sites, with fluxes ranging from -3.4 ± 0.7 to -11.5 ± 1.6μmol m-2s-1 for croplands and -9.1 ± 1.5 to -22.7 ± 3.2μmol m-2s-1for forests. We also report substantial CH4emissions of 32.3 ± 17.0to 76.1 ± 29.4nmol m-2s-1 from a brackish herbaceous wetland and 58.4± 12.0 to 181.2 ± 36.8nmol m-2s-1 from a freshwater forested wetland. Comparison of ecosystem-specific aircraft observations with measurements from eddy covariance flux towers along the flight path demonstrate that towers capture ~30–75% of the regional variability in ecosystem fluxes. Diel patterns measured at the tower sites suggest that peak, midday flux measurements from aircraft accurately predicts net daily CO2exchange. We discuss next steps in applying airborne observations to evaluate bottom-up flux models and improve understanding of the biophysical processes that drive carbon exchange from landscape-to-regional scales.

airborne measurements to quantify fluxes of sensib↗
NASA NTRS2011

Design and Measurements of Dual-Polarized Wideband Constant-Beamwidth Quadruple-Ridged Flared Horn

A quad-ridged, flared horn achieving nearly constant beamwidth and excellent return loss over a 6:1 frequency bandwidth is presented. Radiation pattern measurements show excellent beamwidth stability from 2 to 12 GHz. Measured return loss is > 10 dB over the entire band and > 15 dB from 2.5 to 11 GHz. Using a custom physical optics code, system performance of a radio telescope is computed and predicted performance is average 70% aperture efficiency and 10 Kelvin of antenna noise temperature.

decade bandwidth↗
NASA NTRS2010

Accurate Insertion Loss Measurements of the Juno Patch Array Antennas

This paper describes two independent methods for estimating the insertion loss of patch array antennas that were developed for the Juno Microwave Radiometer instrument. One method is based principally on pattern measurements while the other method is based solely on network analyzer measurements. The methods are accurate to within 0.1 dB for the measured antennas and show good agreement (to within 0.1dB) of separate radiometric measurements.

insertion loss↗
NASA NTRS1973

General aviation air traffic pattern safety analysis

A concept is described for evaluating the general aviation mid-air collision hazard in uncontrolled terminal airspace. Three-dimensional traffic pattern measurements were conducted at uncontrolled and controlled airports. Computer programs for data reduction, storage retrieval and statistical analysis have been developed. Initial general aviation air traffic pattern characteristics are presented. These preliminary results indicate that patterns are highly divergent from the expected standard pattern, and that pattern procedures observed can affect the ability of pilots to see and avoid each other.

Parker, L. C.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Low Cost Beam-Steering Approach for a Series-Fed Array

Phased array antennas showcase many advantages over mechanically steered systems. However, they are also more complex and costly. This paper presents a concept which overcomes these detrimental attributes by eliminating all of the phased array backend (including phase shifters). Instead, a propagation constant reconfigurable transmission line in a series fed array arrangement is used to allow phase shifting with one small (less than or equal to 100mil) linear mechanical motion. A novel slotted coplanar stripline design improves on previous transmission lines by demonstrating a greater control of propagation constant, thus allowing practical prototypes to be built. Also, beam steering pattern control is explored. We show that with correct choice of line impedance, pattern control is possible for all scan angles. A 20 element array scanning from -25 deg less than or equal to theta less than or equal to 21 deg. with mostly uniform gain at 13GHz is presented. Measured patterns show a reduced scan range of 12 deg. less than or equal to theta less than or equal to 25 deg. due to a correctable manufacturing error as verified by simulation. Beam squint is measured to be plus or minus 2.5 deg for a 600MHz bandwidth and cross-pol is measured to be at least -15dB.

Transmission line↗