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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
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NASA NTRS1996

A Reconfigurable Testbed Environment for Spacecraft Autonomy

A key goal of NASA's New Millennium Program is the development of technology for increased spacecraft on-board autonomy. Achievement of this objective requires the development of a new class of ground-based automony testbeds that can enable the low-cost and rapid design, test, and integration of the spacecraft autonomy software. This paper describes the development of an Autonomy Testbed Environment (ATBE) for the NMP Deep Space I comet/asteroid rendezvous mission.

testbed autonomy New Millennium Program (NMP) Auto↗
NASA NTRS1998

Mars Microprobe Project Instrumentation Package

The Mars Microprobe Project is a technology validation mission in NASA's New Millennium Program. The project is developing a pair of small, two-piece probes for delivery to the surface of Mars in December of 1999.

Mars↗
NASA NTRS2000

Horizon: A Proposal for Large Aperture, Active Optics in Geosynchronous Orbit

In 1999, NASA's New Millennium Program called for proposals to validate new technology in high-earth orbit for the Earth Observing-3 (NMP EO3) mission to fly in 2003. In response, we proposed to test a large aperture, active optics telescope in geosynchronous orbit. This would flight-qualify new technologies for both Earth and Space science: 1) a future instrument with LANDSAT image resolution and radiometric quality watching continuously from geosynchronous station, and 2) the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) for deep space imaging. Six enabling technologies were to be flight-qualified: 1) a 3-meter, lightweight segmented primary mirror, 2) mirror actuators and mechanisms, 3) a deformable mirror, 4) coarse phasing techniques, 5) phase retrieval for wavefront control during stellar viewing, and 6) phase diversity for wavefront control during Earth viewing. Three enhancing technologies were to be flight- validated: 1) mirror deployment and latching mechanisms, 2) an advanced microcontroller, and 3) GPS at GEO. In particular, two wavefront sensing algorithms, phase retrieval by JPL and phase diversity by ERIM International, were to sense optical system alignment and focus errors, and to correct them using high-precision mirror mechanisms. Active corrections based on Earth scenes are challenging because phase diversity images must be collected from extended, dynamically changing scenes. In addition, an Earth-facing telescope in GEO orbit is subject to a powerful diurnal thermal and radiometric cycle not experienced by deep-space astronomy. The Horizon proposal was a bare-bones design for a lightweight large-aperture, active optical system that is a practical blend of science requirements, emerging technologies, budget constraints, launch vehicle considerations, orbital mechanics, optical hardware, phase-determination algorithms, communication strategy, computational burdens, and first-rate cooperation among earth and space scientists, engineers and managers. This manuscript presents excerpts from the Horizon proposal's sections that describe the Earth science requirements, the structural -thermal-optical design, the wavefront sensing and control, and the on-orbit validation.

Chesters, Dennis↗
NASA NTRS2007

Technology Maturation and Flight Validation Experience for NASA's ST8 Mission

Background: a) Introduction to ST8 Project; b) ST8 Project timeline; c) ST8 technology payloads. Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) as interpreted by NASA's New Millennium Program (NMP). Role of Technology Review Boards (TRBs) in the evaluation of technology maturity for the NMP ST8 Project. Lessons learned from the ST8 TRB experience.

New Millennium Program (NMP)↗
NASA NTRS2005

Low Cost Environmental Sensors for Spaceflight: NMP Space Environmental Monitor (SEM) Requirements

An outstanding problem in spaceflight is the lack of adequate sensors for monitoring the space environment and its effects on engineering systems. By adequate, we mean low cost in terms of mission impact (e.g., low price, low mass/size, low power, low data rate, and low design impact). The New Millennium Program (NMP) is investigating the development of such a low-cost Space Environmental Monitor (SEM) package for inclusion on its technology validation flights. This effort follows from the need by NMP to characterize the space environment during testing so that potential users can extrapolate the test results to end-use conditions. The immediate objective of this effort is to develop a small diagnostic sensor package that could be obtained from commercial sources. Environments being considered are: contamination, atomic oxygen, ionizing radiation, cosmic radiation, EMI, and temperature. This talk describes the requirements and rational for selecting these environments and reviews a preliminary design that includes a micro-controller data logger with data storage and interfaces to the sensors and spacecraft. If successful, such a sensor package could be the basis of a unique, long term program for monitoring the effects of the space environment on spacecraft systems.

New Millennium Program (NMP)↗
NASA NTRS1997

Deep Space One: NASA's First Deep-Space Technology Validation Mission

Under development for launch in July 1998, Deep Space One (DS1) is the first flight of NASA's New Millennium Program, Chartered to validate selected technologies required for future low-cost space science programs. Advanced technologies chosen for validation on DS1 include solar electric propulsion, high-power solar concentrator arrays, autonomous on-board optical navigation, two low-mass science instrument packages, and several telecommunications and microelectronics devices.

Deep↗
NASA NTRS1996

Reduced Cost and Increased Capability Through Technology in the New Millennium

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) New Millennium Program (NMP) is designed to reduce the cost of spacecraft in the 21 st century while simultaneously increasing spacecraft capabilities, thereby increasing the return on our investment in space exploration. The NMP process ins being enacted in the following manner: We are developing a science vision for the 21 st century and identifying the attendant missions of this vision. These missions, in turn, will specify the capabilities that future spacecraft require.

New↗
NASA NTRS2005

Space Technology 7 Disturbance Reduction System - precision control flight Validation

The NASA New Millennium Program Space Technology 7 (ST7) project will validate technology for precision spacecraft control. The Disturbance Reduction System (DRS) will be part of the European Space Agency's LISA Pathfinder project. The DRS will control the position of the spacecraft relative to a reference to an accuracy of one nanometer over time scales of several thousand seconds. To perform the control, the spacecraft will use a new colloid thruster technology. The thrusters will operate over the range of 5 to 30 micro-Newtons with precision of 0.1 micro- Newton. The thrust will be generated by using a high electric field to extract charged droplets of a conducting colloid fluid and accelerating them with a precisely adjustable voltage. The control reference will be provided by the European LISA Technology Package, which will include two nearly freefloating test masses. The test mass positions and orientations will be measured using a capacitance bridge. The test mass position and attitude will be adjustable using electrostatically applied forces and torques. The DRS will control the spacecraft position with respect to one test mass while minimizing disturbances on the second test mass. The dynamic control system will cover eighteen degrees of freedom: six for each of the test masses and six for the spacecraft. After launch in late 2009 to a low Earth orbit, the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft will be maneuvered to a halo orbit about the Earth-Sun L1 Lagrange point for operations.

microthrusters↗
NASA NTRS1996

Solar Electric Propulsion

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's New Millennium Program (NMP) is a space flight technology demonstration program that will validate the technologies needed to carry out the Earth and space science missions NASA envisions for the 21(sup st) century. The program is employing an innovative decision-making process to select the specific technologies that will be flight validated. First, NMP has articulated NASA's vision of science exploration for the next century, then it has defined the capabilities needed to execute that vision, and finally it will select and demonstrate the revolutionary technologies that provide those capabilities, thus enabling the science vision.

New Millennium New Millennium Program NMP space fl↗
NASA NTRS2005

The Space Technology 5 Power System Design

The Space Technology 5 (ST5) mission is a NASA New Millennium Program (NMP) project that was developed to validate new technologies for future missions and to demonstrate the feasibility of building and launching multiple, miniature spacecraft that can operate as science probes, collecting research quality measurements. The three satellites in the ST5 constellation will be launched into a sun synchronous LEO (Low Earth Orbit) in early 2006. ST5 fits in the 25 kilogram and 24 Watt class of miniature but fully capable spacecraft. The power system design features the use of new technology components and a low voltage power bus. In order to hold the mass and volume low and to qualify new technologies for future use in space, high efficiency triple junction solar cells and a lithium ion battery were baselined into the design. The Power System Electronics (PSE) was designed for a high radiation environment and uses hybrid microcircuits for power switching and over current protection. The ST5 power system architecture and technologies will be presented.

Stewart, Karen D.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Comets: Very Eccentric Characters

Astronomical distances, even within our own solar system, are very difficult for anyone, let alone children, to imagine. In this month's space-program-related activity, students have the opportunity to create a visual and kinesthetic model of the solar system on a scale that may begin to inspire an awed comprehension of how big space is and how small Earth is. In addition, they will learn a little basic geometry in demonstrating for themselves the difference between a circular planetary orbit and an elongated elliptical cometary orbit. As a space exploration first the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), is planning to send a spacecraft to rendezvous with and land on a comet. The Space Technology 4/Champollion mission is part of NASA's New Millennium Program, the primary goal of which is to test new technologies for use in 21st century planetary and earth observing missions.

Kwok, Enoch↗
NASA NTRS2005

NASA's New Millennium ST6 Project

NASA s New Millennium Program validates advanced technologies in space and thus lowers the risk for the first mission user. The New Millennium ST6 project has developed two advanced, experimental technologies for use on future missions. These technologies are: 1) the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE), a demonstration of autonomous, science-driven spacecraft command and control; and 2) the Inertial Stellar Compass (ISC). These technologies will improve a spacecraft's ability (with ASE) to make intelligent decisions on what information to gather and send back to the ground; and (with ISC) determine its own attitude and adjust its pointing.

Chmielewski, A. B.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Comparison of the EO-1 Advanced Land Imager Performance With the Landsat Data Continuity Mission Specification

The performance requirements for the Advanced Land Imager were developed under NASA's New Millennium Program and were intended to facilitate the validation of new sensor technologies and architectures for potential application in future remote sensing missions. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) was designed and flown well before the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) specifications were developed. Nevertheless, the science focus of the ALI technology validation was Landsat data continuity. Therefore, although exact compliance by ALI is not expected, the performance should demonstrate a path to a compliant sensor system. The performance of the ALI, as determined from preflight and flight data, is compared to the LDCM specification. Twenty-one noncompliances have been identified: four data collection, four spectral, six spatial, and seven radiometric (Table I). All but six of these are considered minor. The six major noncompliances are the result of stray light, leaky detectors, and contamination. Appendix A replicates the LDCM specification and contains ALI compliance notes where appropriate. Details of the ALI stray light, contamination, and leaky detectors are provided in Appendix B, C, and D respectively. Additional information pertaining to the calculation of the ALI edge response and coherent noise is presented in Appendix E and F. A list of ALI related publications is provided in Appendix G.

Mendenhall, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Deep Space 1: Testing New Technologies for Future Small Bodies Missions

Launched on October 24, 1998, Deep Space 1 (DS1) was the first mission of NASA's New Millennium Program, chartered to validate in space high-risk, new technologies important for future space science programs. The advanced technology payload that was tested on DS1 comprises solar electric propulsion, solar concentrator arrays, autonomous on-board navigation and other autonomous systems, several telecommunications and microelectronics devices, and two low-mass integrated science instrument packages. The mission met or exceeded all of its success criteria. The 12 technologies were rigorously exercised so that subsequent flight projects would not have to incur the cost and risk of being the fist users of these new capabilities. Examples of the benefits to future small body missions from DS1's technologies will be described.

Deep Space 1 (DS1)↗