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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Evolution of the pygmy dipole resonance in Sn isotopes

Nuclear level density and {gamma}-ray strength functions of {sup 121,122}Sn below the neutron separation energy are extracted with the Oslo method using the ({sup 3}He,{sup 3}He{sup '{gamma}}) and ({sup 3}He,{alpha}{gamma}) reactions. The level densities of {sup 121,122}Sn display steplike structures, interpreted as signatures of neutron pair breaking. An enhancement in both strength functions, compared to standard models for radiative strength, is observed in our measurements for E{sub {gamma}} > or approx. 5.2 MeV. This enhancement is compatible with pygmy resonances centered at {approx_equal}8.4(1) and {approx_equal}8.6(2) MeV, respectively, and with integrated strengths corresponding to {approx_equal}1.8{sub -5}{sup +1}% of the classical Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule. Similar resonances were also seen in {sup 116-119}Sn. Experimental neutron-capture cross reactions are well reproduced by our pygmy resonance predictions, while standard strength models are less successful. The evolution as a function of neutron number of the pygmy resonance in {sup 116-122}Sn is described as a clear increase of centroid energy from 8.0(1) to 8.6(2) MeV, but with no observable difference in integrated strengths.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Statistical properties of Pu 243 , and Pu 242 ( n , γ ) cross section calculation

The level density and γ-ray strength function (γSF) of 243 Pu have been measured in the quasicontinuum using the Oslo method. Excited states in 243 Pu were populated using the 242 Pu(d,p) reaction. The level density closely follows the constant-temperature level density formula for excitation energies above the pairing gap. The γSF displays a double-humped resonance at low energy as also seen in previous investigations of actinide isotopes. The structure is interpreted as the scissors resonance and has a centroid of ω SR = 2.42(5) MeV and a total strength of B SR = 10.1(15) μ 2 N , which is in excellent agreement with sum-rule estimates. Lastly, the measured level density and γSF were used to calculate the 242 Pu(n,γ) cross section in a neutron energy range for which there were previously no measured data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Experimentally constrained ( p , γ ) Y 89 and ( n , γ ) Y 89 reaction rates relevant to p -process nucleosynthesis

The nuclear level density and the g-ray strength function have been extracted for 89 Y, using the Oslo Method on 89 Y(p,p'γ) 89 Y coincidence data. The g-ray strength function displays a low-energy enhancement consistent with previous observations in this mass region ( 93-98 Mo). Shell-model calculations give support that the observed enhancement is due to strong, low-energy M1 transitions at high excitation energies. The data were further used as input for calculations of the 88 Sr(p,γ) 89 Y and 88 Y(n,γ) 89 Y cross sections with the TALYS reaction code. Lastly, comparison with cross-section data, where available, as well as with values from the BRUSLIB library, shows a satisfying agreement.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Low-energy enhancement in the γ -ray strength functions of Ge 73 , 74

Here, t≤he γ-ray strength functions and level densities of 73,74 Ge have been extracted up to the neutron-separation energy S n from particle-γ coincidence data using the Oslo method. Moreover, the γ-ray strength function of 74 Ge above S n has been determined from photoneutron measurements; hence these two experiments cover the range of Eγ ≈ 1–13 MeV for 74 Ge. The obtained data show that both 73,74 Ge display an increase in strength at low γ energies. The experimental γ-ray strength functions are compared with M1 strength functions deduced from average B(M1) values calculated within the shell model for a large number of transitions. The observed low-energy enhancements in 73,74 Ge are adopted in the calculations of the 72,73 Ge(n,γ) cross sections, where there are no direct experimental data. Calculated reaction rates for more neutron-rich germanium isotopes are shown to be strongly dependent on the presence of the low-energy enhancement.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2017

Quasicontinuum γ decay of Zr 91 , 92 : Benchmarking indirect ( n , γ ) cross section measurements for the s process

Here, nuclear level densities (NLDs) and γ-ray strength functions (γSFs) have been extracted from particle-γ coincidences of the 92 Zr(p,p´γ) 92 Zr and 92 Zr (p,dγ) 91 Zr reactions using the Oslo method. The new 91,92 Zr γSF data, combined with photonuclear cross sections, cover the whole energy range from Eγ ≈ 1.5 MeV up to the giant dipole resonance at Eγ ≈ 17 MeV. The wide-range γSF data display structures at Eγ ≈ 9.5 MeV, compatible with a superposition of the spin-flip M1 resonance and a pygmy E1 resonance. Furthermore, the γSF shows a minimum at Eγ ≈ 2–3 MeV and an increase at lower γ-ray energies. The experimentally constrained NLDs and γSFs are shown to reproduce known (n,γ) and Maxwellian-averaged cross sections for 91,92 Zr using the TALYS reaction code, thus serving as a benchmark for this indirect method of estimating (n,γ) cross sections for Zr isotopes.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Experimental constraints on the Zn 73 ( n , γ ) Zn 74 reaction rate

Background: The recent observation of a neutron-star merger finally confirmed one astrophysical location of the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process). Evidence of the production of A < 140 nuclei was seen, but there is still little detailed information about how those lighter elements are produced in such an environment. Many of the questions surrounding the A ≈ 80 nuclei are likely to be answered only when the nuclear physics involved in the production of r-process nuclei is well understood. Neutron-capture reactions are an important component of the r-process, and neutron-capture cross sections of r-process nuclei, which are very neutron rich, have large uncertainties. Purpose: Indirectly determine the neutron-capture cross section and reaction rate of 73 Zn(n,γ ) 74 Zn. Methods: The nuclear level density (NLD) and γ-ray strength function (γSF) of 74 Zn were determined following a total absorption spectroscopy (TAS) experiment focused on the β decay of 74 Cu into 74 Zn performed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. The NLD and γSF were used as inputs in a Hauser-Feshbach statistical model to calculate the neutron-capture cross section and reaction rate. Results: The NLD and γSF of 74 Zn were experimentally constrained for the first time using β-delayed γ rays measured with TAS and the β-Oslo method. The NLD and γSF were then used to constrain the neutron-capture cross section and reaction rate for the 73 Zn(n, γ ) 74 Zn reaction. In Conclusion, the uncertainty in the neutron-capture cross section and reaction rate of 73 Zn(n, γ ) 74 Zn calculated in TALYS was reduced to under a factor of 2 from a factor of 5 in the cross section and a factor of 11 in the reaction rate using the experimentally obtained NLD and γSF.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Nuclear level densities and γ -ray strength functions in samarium isotopes

The γ-strength functions and level densities in the quasicontinuum of 147,149 Sm isotopes have been extracted from particle-γ coincidences using the Oslo method. The nuclei of interest were populated via (p,d) reactions on pure 148,150 Sm targets and the reaction products were recorded by the Hyperion array. An upbend in the low-energy region of the γSF has been observed. The systematic analysis of the γSF for a range of Sm isotopes highlights the interplay between scissors mode and the upbend. In conclusion, shell-model calculations show reasonable agreement with the experimental γSFs and confirm the correspondence between the upbend and scissors mode.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Experimental level densities of atomic nuclei

It is almost 80 years since Hans Bethe described the level density as a non-interacting gas of protons and neutrons. In all these years, experimental data were interpreted within this picture of a fermionic gas. However, the renewed interest of measuring level density using various techniques calls for a revision of this description. In particular, the wealth of nuclear level densities measured with the Oslo method favors the constant-temperature level density over the Fermi-gas picture. Furthermore, trom the basis of experimental data, we demonstrate that nuclei exhibit a constant-temperature level density behavior for all mass regions and at least up to the neutron threshold.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Integrated Mid-Continent Stacked Carbon Storage Hub Project Phase II (Final Summary Report)

The Phase II Integrated Midcontinent Stacked Carbon Storage Hub (IMSCS-HUB) is part of the Carbon Storage Assurance Facility Enterprise (CarbonSAFE) established by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). CarbonSAFE is phased to support the development of commercial-scale (50 million metric tonnes [Mt] over a 30-year period) carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) in the United States. The IMSCS-HUB study area comprises carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sources in Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska (the source corridor), and CO 2 sinks in Kansas and Nebraska (the storage corridor), representing the first large-scale project for the Midcontinent region. The stacked storage corridor is characterized by alternating sequences of deep saline formations, oil-bearing reservoirs, shale, and evaporite units that are conducive to vertically stacked CO 2 injection for geologic storage and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Three sites within the IMSCS-HUB stacked storage corridor were evaluated in Phase II for commercial CCUS feasibility: one in southwest-central Nebraska, Sleepy Hollow Field (SHF), a second in southwestern Nebraska near Madrid (Madrid), and a third in southwestern Kansas, the Patterson Site (composed of the Patterson, Heinitz, Hartland, and Oslo fields). In Phase II, the team assessed the feasibility of storage complexes at the potential storage sites in Nebraska and Kansas to support a commercial-scale storage hub that integrates proven CO 2 capture technology and transport from nearby ethanol sources. Building on lessons learned from the DOE-NETL Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs), the Project Team has identified a clear strategy to meet DOE’s 2025 objective of commercial carbon capture and storage (CCS) implementation by developing a CO 2 market and infrastructure that relies on multiple ethanol-based CO 2 sources in the short term and the incorporation of multiple coal-fired power plant CO 2 sources when commercial capture is economically viable. The team also leveraged the updated 45Q tax credit to develop capture and transport infrastructure. Commercial-scale CCUS is feasible at two candidate storage sites studied, the Madrid, Nebraska Site and the Patterson Site in Kearny County, Kansas. The Sleepy Hollow Field in Nebraska was found to be an attractive candidate for stacked storage with CO 2 -EOR (Battelle 2020e). Outreach efforts facilitated engagement from industry, government, and research sectors (Battelle and GPI, 2020) and an outreach plan for future phases of the project was developed to address issues that are of concern in the IMSCS-HUB project area (Battelle, 2020f). All components of a CCUS project were determined to be feasible in the IMSCS-HUB region and Risk Mitigation Plan was developed and includes strategies to mitigate risks associated with each project component (Battelle, 2020j). A roadmap was developed to obtain the required UIC permits for an integrated CCUS project (Battelle, 2020k). The regional storage resource characterization demonstrated significant opportunity for commercial-scale projects in the IMSCS-HUB storage corridor with 577.4 Mt of stacked CO 2 storage capacity and the potential to produce 181.9 MMbbls of oil via EOR across 17 individual storage areas (Battelle and ARI, 2020). The pipeline assessment study found viable pipeline routes that connected 45Q-eligible ethanol plants, coal fired power plants, and other sources in the IMSCS-HUB corridor. The comprehensive results of subsurface characterization, modeling efforts, outreach assessment, and regulatory analysis from were integrated to develop a Detailed Commercial Development Plan for the IMSCS-HUB (Battelle, 2020n). Commercialization efforts will involve obtaining Class VI UIC permits, establishing and finalizing the pipeline route, and evaluating capture projects at participating CO 2 sources. Phases I and II of the IMSCS-HUB CarbonSAFE provide a strong foundation for safely, efficiently, and cost-effectively characterizing and permitting commercial-scale project sites in the region. The plan for implementation of commercial-scale CCUS projects in the IMSCS-HUB is aligned with the objectives of CarbonSAFE Phase III: Site Characterization and CO 2 Capture Assessment.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2020

The shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions to 2500

Anthropogenic increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are the main driver of current and future climate change. The integrated assessment community has quantified anthropogenic emissions for the shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) scenarios, each of which represents a different future socio-economic projection and political environment. Here, we provide the greenhouse gas concentrations for these SSP scenarios using the reduced-complexity climate–carbon-cycle model MAGICC7.0. We extend historical, observationally based concentration data with SSP concentration projections from 2015 to 2500 for 43 greenhouse gases with monthly and latitudinal resolution. CO 2 concentrations by 2100 range from 393 to 1135 ppm for the lowest (SSP1-1.9) and highest (SSP5-8.5) emission scenarios, respectively. We also provide the concentration extensions beyond 2100 based on assumptions regarding the trajectories of fossil fuels and land use change emissions, net negative emissions, and the fraction of non-CO 2 emissions. By 2150, CO 2 concentrations in the lowest emission scenario are approximately 350 ppm and approximately plateau at that level until 2500, whereas the highest fossil-fuel-driven scenario projects CO 2 concentrations of 1737 ppm and reaches concentrations beyond 2000 ppm by 2250. We estimate that the share of CO 2 in the total radiative forcing contribution of all considered 43 long-lived greenhouse gases increases from 66% for the present day to roughly 68% to 85% by the time of maximum forcing in the 21st century. For this estimation, we updated simple radiative forcing parameterizations that reflect the Oslo Line-By-Line model results. In comparison to the representative concentration pathways (RCPs), the five main SSPs (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) are more evenly spaced and extend to lower 2100 radiative forcing and temperatures. Performing two pairs of six-member historical ensembles with CESM1.2.2, we estimate the effect on surface air temperatures of applying latitudinally and seasonally resolved GHG concentrations. We find that the ensemble differences in the March–April–May (MAM) season provide a regional warming in higher northern latitudes of up to 0.4 K over the historical period, latitudinally averaged of about 0.1 K, which we estimate to be comparable to the upper bound (~5 % level) of natural variability. In comparison to the comparatively straight line of the last 2000 years, the greenhouse gas concentrations since the onset of the industrial period and this studies' projections over the next 100 to 500 years unequivocally depict a “hockey-stick” upwards shape. The SSP concentration time series derived in this study provide a harmonized set of input assumptions for long-term climate science analysis; they also provide an indication of the wide set of futures that societal developments and policy implementations can lead to – ranging from multiple degrees of future warming on the one side to approximately 1.5°C warming on the other.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1979

Solid Rocket Motor Technology

These Conference Proceedings contain the 36 papers presented at the AGARD Propulsion and Energetics Panel 53rd Symposium on "Solid Rocket Motor Technology", which was held in Oslo, Norway, 2-5 April 1979. The questions and answers after the various presentations are included as well as the Round Table Discussion. The Symposium was organized into seven sessions: Survey Papers (2); Ignition, Extinction and Internal Ballistics (8); Burn Rate Modelling and Combustion of Metal (5); New Propellants (5); Combustion Instability (7); Heat Transfer and Materials (3); and Testing and Instrumentation (6).The Symposium provided a forum for discussion and exchange between research scientists ,propellant formulators and motor technologists. Though main emphasis was placed on transient processes like ignition and extinction and on combustion instability with the various related aspects there were a number of papers dealing with propellants, their characteristics and their development. Whether the symposium achieved its initial aim, i.e. furnishing a comprehensive survey of the technology available for solid propellant rocket motors and its further development capabilities, will be assessed in a Technical Evaluation Report, to be published as AGARD Advisory Report AR 151.

Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Developm↗
NASA NTRS1980

The use of antigravity suits in the treatment of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension

Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension is an uncommon disease characterized by a drop in blood pressure when going from a recumbent to a standing position. Treatment by medication generally produces poor results. Three patients at the Royal Hospital in Oslo were treated with antigravity suits and all were able to maintain adequate blood pressures in the standing position. One patient improved dramatically and was able to take short walks while wearing the suit. The two other patients, however, felt that wearing the suits eventually became uncomfortable. This treatment represents a useful treatment alternative for intractable cases.

Landmark, K.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Thermal barrier coatings application in diesel engines

Commercial use of thermal barrier coatings in diesel engines began in the mid 70's by Dr,. Ingard Kvernes at the Central Institute for Industrial Research in Oslo, Norway. Dr. Kvernes attributed attack on diesel engine valves and piston crowns encountered in marine diesel engines in Norwegian ships as hot-corrosion attributed to a reduced quality of residual fuel. His solution was to coat these components to reduce metal temperature below the threshold of aggressive hot-corrosion and also to provide protection. The Department of Energy has supported thermal barrier coating development for diesel engine applications. In the Clean Diesel - 50 Percent Efficient (CD-50) engine for the year 2000, thermal barrier coatings will be used on piston crowns and possibly other components. The primary purpose of the thermal barrier coatings will be to reduce thermal fatigue as the engine peak cylinder pressure will nearly be doubled. As the coatings result in higher available energy in the exhaust gas, efficiency gains are achieved through use of this energy by turbochargers, turbocompounding or thermoelectric generators.

Fairbanks, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Thermal barrier coatings application in diesel engines

Commercial use of thermal barrier coatings in diesel engines began in the mid 70's by Dr. Ingard Kvernes at the Central Institute for Industrial Research in Oslo, Norway. Dr. Kvernes attributed attack on diesel engine valves and piston crowns encountered in marine diesel engines in Norwegian ships as hot-corrosion attributed to a reduced quality of residual fuel. His solution was to coat these components to reduce metal temperature below the threshold of aggressive hot-corrosion and also provide protection. Roy Kamo introduced thermal barrier coatings in his 'Adiabatic Diesel Engine' in the late 70's. Kamo's concept was to eliminate the engine block water cooling system and reduce heat losses. Roy reported significant performance improvements in his thermally insulated engine at the SAE Congress in 1982. Kamo's work stimulates major programs with insulated engines, particularly in Europe. Most of the major diesel engine manufacturers conducted some level of test with insulated combustion chamber components. They initially ran into increased fuel consumption. The German engine consortium had Prof. Woschni of the Technical Institute in Munich. Woschni conducted testing with pistons with air gaps to provide the insulation effects. Woschni indicated the hot walls of the insulated engine created a major increase in heat transfer he refers to as 'convection vive.' Woschni's work was a major factor in the abrupt curtailment of insulated diesel engine work in continental Europe. Ricardo in the UK suggested that combustion should be reoptimized for the hot-wall effects of the insulated combustion chamber and showed under a narrow range of conditions fuel economy could be improved. The Department of Energy has supported thermal barrier coating development for diesel engine applications. In the Clean Diesel - 50 Percent Efficient (CD-50) engine for the year 2000, thermal barrier coatings will be used on piston crowns and possibly other components. The primary purpose of the thermal barrier coatings will be to reduce thermal fatigue as the engine peak cylinder pressure will nearly be doubled. As the coatings result in higher available energy in the exhaust gas, efficiency gains are achieved through use of this energy by turbochargers, turbocompounding or thermoelectric generators.

Fairbanks, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Outer Solar System Nomenclature

The Principal Investigator's responsibilities on this grant fell into two categories according to his participation. In the nomenclature work of the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Owen is chair of the Task Group for the Outer Solar System. He is also a member of the IAU's Working Group on Planetary and Satellite Nomenclature (WGPSN) which is composed of the chairs of the several Task Groups plus the presidents of two IAU Commissions and several outside consultants. The WGPSN is presided over by its President, Professor Kaare Aksnes from the Rosseland Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics in Oslo, Norway.

OUTER SPACE↗
NASA NTRS1995

International Exploration of the Moon: A View from the IAF

On October 3, 1995 there were nine papers delivered on the topic of Lunar Exploration at the IAF Congress in Oslo, Norway. Some papers covered the national plans for lunar exploration. These included both robotic and human exploration missions. Additional papers discussed elements of the placement of permanent bases on the lunar surface. A review of the key points and plans presented at this international meeting will be presented.

OHandley, Douglas A.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Outer Solar System Nomenclature

This grant has supported work by T. Owen and B. A. Smith on planetary and satellite nomenclature, carried out under the general auspices of the International Astronomical Union (IAU). The IAU maintains a Working Group on Planetary and Satellite Nomenclature (WGPSN) whose current chair is Prof.Kaare Aksnes of the Rosseland Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics in Oslo, Norway. Both Owen and Smith are members of the WGPSN; Owen as chair of the Outer Solar System Task Group, and Smith as chair of the Mars Task Group. The major activity during the last grant period (2002) was the approval of several new names for features on Mars by Smith's group and features on Jovian satellites plus new names for satellites of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus by Owen's group. Much of this work was accomplished by e-mail exchanges, but the new nomenclature was formally discussed and approved at a meeting of the WGPSN held in conjunction with the Division for Planetary Sciences meeting in Birmingham, Alabama in October 2002.

Owen, Tobias C.↗
NASA NTRS2005

The Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport Model

The Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model is one of the fourteen global models participating in the International AEROCOM activity. The Oslo workshop is the 4th AEROCOM workshop. In this workshop, we are going to show updated model results of global aerosol extinction and absorption, vertical profiles, and direct and indirect effects. We will also discuss with other participants on model similarities and discrepancies, issues related to comparisons with in-situ and remote sensing data, and future directions.

Chin, Mian↗